Dittelstedt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dittelstedt
State capital Erfurt
Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ′ 54 ″  N , 11 ° 4 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 227 m
Area : 1.94 km²
Residents : 785  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 405 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1950
Postal code : 99099
Area code : 0361
map
Location of Dittelstedt in Erfurt

Dittelstedt is a district of the Thuringian capital Erfurt .

geography

Dittelstedt is located southeast of the city of Erfurt in the Thuringian Basin on the northern slope of the Steigerwald . The town hall itself is almost free from forests and is used for agriculture. Adjacent districts are the village of Urbich in the east, the residential area Daberstedt in the west, the industrial area Neuschmidtstedt belonging to Daberstedt in the north and the Herrenberg prefabricated building area in the south. In the west, Dittelstedt merges seamlessly into Daberstedt, the distance to the city center ( main station ) being around three kilometers. The street village extends along Rudolstädter Straße, which begins near the main train station and leads via Daberstedt, Dittelstedt, Urbich and Niedernissa to the Haarberg (motorway exit Erfurt-Ost).

history

Dittelstedt was first mentioned in a document in 900. In this document, Tutelestat was transferred from Dimar to the Fulda monastery . In 1143 Dittelstedt became an Erfurt kitchen village . This made it subordinate to the city ​​of Erfurt and Kurmainz , whose electoral administration supplied it with natural produce. The Thirty Years War devastated the village, so the village church was demolished and the Erfurt city fortifications were reinforced with the stones. At the end of the war in 1648, Dittelstedt only had 36 inhabitants due to death and flight. The church was rebuilt in 1682. During this time, the Archbishops of Mainz promoted the settlement of Catholics from other parts of the empire in Dittelstedt, which meant that the village grew back to its pre-war size. During the Seven Years' War , Frederick the Great set up quarters in the old school in Dittelstedt. In 1792 Dittelstedt had 108 inhabitants again.

In the course of the Napoleonic Wars , Erfurt and with it Dittelstedt fell to Prussia in 1802 . After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, Dittelstedt and Erfurt became part of Napoleon's "domain" ( Principality of Erfurt ). When he had the Corpus Christi chapel demolished as part of the expansion of the Erfurt citadel , the Dittelstedt residents built the tower of their church from it. In 1812/13 the men of the village had to do the heaviest fortification work in the Erfurt Fortress. After the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, Dittelstedt was devastated by French troops flowing back and a few days later part of the Prussian-Russian siege ring around the Erfurt fortress. Silesian soldiers are said to have brought "nerve fever" ( typhus ) with them, which many Dittelstedts fell victim to.

When Erfurt was connected to the Thuringian Railway in 1847 , the Rudolstädter Straße from Erfurt to Niedernissa was laid out and paved. From 1870, the nurseries in Dittelstedt became more and more important and Erfurt industrial and railway workers settled there. The population rose rapidly, so the village had 158 inhabitants in 1840 and 342 in 1894. Since the immigrants were predominantly Protestant, Dittelstedt lost its formerly purely Catholic character. In 1901 the Protestant Gustav Adolf Church for Dittelstedt and Melchendorf was consecrated on the Herrenberg .

30 Dittelstedt soldiers did not return from the First World War . In 1928 Dittelstedt had 669 inhabitants. In the Weimar Republic elections in the 1920s, Communists and the Center Party received the most votes. In 1933 the Nazis in the Third Reich were brought into line . From 1936 the "Henne" barracks were built on Dittelstedter Flur east of the village. In 1938 the Protestant and Catholic schools were merged into one community school. The Rudolstädter Straße became the Reichsstraße, which connected Erfurt via Dittelstedt to the Reichsautobahn built in the late 1930s (exit Erfurt-Ost). During the Second World War , the place had to take in many evacuees from the major West German cities affected by the air war and then refugees from the eastern regions.

Grave crosses for the 75 bomb victims from March 1945

At noon on March 17, 1945, the 1st US Air Division launched an air raid in the form of a carpet of bombs on the south-eastern outskirts of Erfurt. About 200 bombs were dropped on Dittelstedt. 75 residents were killed and many buildings destroyed. American troops reached the village on April 11, 1945. Immediately afterwards, numerous acts of violence occurred - several with fatal results - which were blamed for the liberated foreign workers. In July 1945 the Red Army came and Dittelstedt became part of the Soviet occupation zone , later the GDR. In 1947, despite the loss of dead and bomb victims, the number of inhabitants reached its historic high of 884 due to the immigration of displaced persons. The reconstruction of the destroyed place took place under very difficult post-war conditions.

On July 1, 1950, it was incorporated into Erfurt. In 1960 the forced collectivization of the nurseries was carried out and the LPG (P) Gemüse Erfurt-Dittelstedt was founded, which from 1983 was called "Karl Marx".

The political turning point and reunification brought with it considerable social, especially economic changes: reprivatisation, the emergence of new businesses, brisk new construction and renovation activity, connection to the natural gas pipeline, but also unemployment, early retirement and a drastic drop in the number of births. In 1994 - not least thanks to the efforts of the Dittelstedt eV local association, founded in 1993 - the local status for Dittelstedt within Erfurt was achieved: with local mayor Dietrich Hagemann ( CDU ) and a local council.

Population development

  • 1843: 156
  • 1910: 689
  • 1939: 828
  • 1990: 494
  • 1995: 657
  • 2000: 646
  • 2005: 685
  • 2010: 722
  • 2015: 763

Churches

Catholic village church St. Martin ( Location → )
  • The Catholic Martinuskirche was built in 1682 in place of the old church that was demolished in 1647. In 1812 an adjacent church tower was added, which was built from the stones of the Corpus Christi chapel on the Petersberg in Erfurt from the 13th century, which was demolished under Napoleon. In 1813 the church was devastated by French troops and then restored. In 1935 the church was rebuilt. It was badly damaged in the air raid on March 17, 1945 and then restored. In 1987 another renovation took place. The baroque altar and a depiction of the Stations of the Cross in the church come from the Corpus Christi chapel of the Erfurt Peterskloster . In the church there is a small relief of Mary and John from around 1600. An epitaph by Abbot Casselmann († 1737) from the Peterskloster Erfurt closes the former entrance door on the outside of the church wall: the "Casselmann epitaph". Well-known donations from a former Dittelstedt man who emigrated to the USA (Klaus Synowietz) made it possible to renovate the tower, altar, and stations of the cross and to purchase an electronic organ. As part of the church renovation in 2010, the copper tower button and the gold-plated tower cross were also refurbished. According to the local chronicle, they had served occupation soldiers for target practice in 1945. A village chronicle, the list of the victims of the bombing of March 1945 and those who died in the Second World War, GDR marks, DM and Euro notes have been added to the contents of the tower button.
  • The Protestant Gustav Adolf Church on the Großer Herrenberg ( location → ) was built jointly for Dittelstedt and Melchendorf in 1901, with the support of the Gustav Adolf Association . From July 1945, Red Army soldiers looted and ravaged the interior of the church. The church was restored by 1951. In the 1980s, a demolition of the church was planned for the new building blocks on the Herrenberg. It was not realized because of protests. After several prefabricated buildings have been demolished, the church can be seen from afar.

societies

  • Security and Protection Association Dittelstedt : founded in 1848 during the revolutionary period. It was the oldest club in the town that was soon dissolved.
  • Voluntary fire brigade: officially confirmed in 1879. It is the oldest still existing association. The volunteer fire brigade has been supported by a fire brigade support association since 1990 and was given a new fire station in 1995 .
  • Men's choir Cäcilia 1880 Erfurt-Dittelstedt e. V .: founded in 1880 as a men's choir . After the Second World War, there was a folk choir Dittelstedt , which in 1954 was called the Volkschor der BGH Erfurt-Dittelstedt and was dissolved in 1961. In 1984 it was re-established with the name Erfurt-Dittelstedt men's choir (sponsoring LPG "Karl-Marx"). The first-mentioned traditional name has existed again since 1991. The choir is very successful, it appeared in the 1990s a. a. in Strasbourg Cathedral and in front of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, also on radio and television. Since 1989 there has been a "choir friendship" with the male choir "Eintracht" in Oberhone in Hesse.
  • Local association Erfurt-Dittelstedt e. V .: founded in 1993. The reason for its foundation was the defense against efforts by Erfurt politics to join Dittelstedt to Erfurt-Daberstedt. The work of the association is the establishment of a local house owed as a community center.
  • Sports clubs: z. B. Workers' sports club in the 1920s. He joined the German Gymnastics Federation in 1933 .

Economy and Transport

To the north of Dittelstedt, in the Schmidtstedter Flur between Daberstedt and Linderbach, the Neuschmidtstedt industrial area extends . Other parts of the town hall are used for agriculture.

North of the village runs the federal highway 7 , in the east the Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse as part of the Erfurter Ring , in the south the street Am Herrenberg as a feeder road to the Erfurt-Ost driveway on the federal highway 4 and in the west Eisenberger Strasse. State roads connect the village with Daberstedt in the west, Urbich in the east, Neuschmidtstedt in the north and Melchendorf / Herrenberg in the south. The place is connected to the public transport via the city bus 60 and the Regiobus 155. Line 60 runs from Windischholzhausen via Niedernissa and Urbich to Dittelstedt and on to Erfurt main station in Möbisburg-Rhoda .

Monuments

War memorial
  • A war memorial from the 1920s below the churchyard wall at the entrance to the village from the direction of Erfurt commemorates the 30 soldiers from Dittelstedt who did not return from the First World War. After the political "turning point", it was supplemented by a plaque with the names of 60 men from the town who died or went missing in World War II. The memorial was redeveloped for Memorial Day in 2016.
  • A small honorary grove, which was inaugurated on March 17, 1996 in the cemetery, consists of granite stone crosses with the names of 75 people who died in the bombing of Dittelstedt on March 17, 1945 (10% of the village population). Among them was a mother with 10 children and the grandparents.
  • Memorial plaque (from 1897) on the former teacher's house next to the church: "On September 14, 1757, the headquarters of King Frederick the Great was here ". It is no longer the original building, but it was at this point. The one-class Catholic school next to it fell victim to the bombing raid on March 17, 1945.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

People connected to the place

literature

  • Frank Seyfarth (Ed.): 1100 years of Dittelstedt, 900 to 2000. New chronicle of the former kitchen village of Dittelstedt . Printing and publishing house Erfurt 1999. ISBN 3-00-004262-8

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Helmut Wolf: Erfurt in the air war . Glaux-Verlag Jena, 2005. ISBN 3-931743-89-6 . Pp. 183 and 285
  2. ^ Handbook of the Province of Saxony. Magdeburg, 1843.
  3. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  4. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Thuringian State Office for Environment and Geology: Environment regional.
  6. ↑ Population of the city districts
  7. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Bose: They shine over the village. St. Martin got a tower button and a cross . Thuringian newspaper, October 29, 2010
  8. ^ Frank Seyfarth: "1100 years of Dittelstedt. 900 to 2000". Erfurt, 1999. ISBN 3-00-004262-8 . Pp. 106-107
  9. ↑ Hartmut Schwarz: With bells ringing and guard of honor. Ceremony at the renovated memorial for those who fell in the world wars in Dittelstedt . Thuringian newspaper, November 14, 2016

Web links

Commons : Dittelstedt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files