Trinity Church (Speyer)

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Trinity Church in Speyer

The Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Speyer is a late Baroque , Protestant parish church. Since 1988 it has been a cultural property worthy of protection within the meaning of Article 1 of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict .

history

Historical background of the church building and sister church Heiliggeistkirche

1689 was the city of Speyer , whose citizens since the Reformation predominantly Lutheran , the small part of Reformed Christians were, by order of Louis XIV. In the Nine Years War destroyed. The residents fled across the Rhine, many of them to Frankfurt am Main , as the Electoral Palatinate as far as Heidelberg was also destroyed. Only ten years later in 1698 did some of the residents return.

The small Reformed community began building the first church in 1700–1702 with the Church of the Holy Spirit .

The Lutheran congregation cleared away the ruins of the destruction of 1689 in the winter of 1700/01. The foundation work began in April, so that the foundation stone was laid on April 22, 1701.

A few days later, the city council had a second foundation stone laid, to which, in addition to the Lutheran church ordinance of 1700 and the Augsburg Confession of 1530, a pewter plaque was added, which said “that after the barbaric destruction of the city by Gallic hands this church was for the glory of God and for the decoration of the city ” .

construction time

The foundation of the Dreifaltigkeitskirche was laid in 1701 by the master builder Johann Peter Graber. The shell was built from 1701 to 1703 by the Italian master mason Paul Bagnato, who called himself "Paul Naß" in German and was the father of the famous baroque master builder Johann Caspar Bagnato . In autumn 1703 the War of the Spanish Succession threatened the city of Speyer. Therefore, on October 17, 1703, it was decided to relocate the services of the Lutheran congregation from the Gottesackerkirche in front of the city gates, which had been used until then, to the unfinished Trinity Church within the city walls.

The construction of the wooden galleries began in 1704. However, the construction work inside the church dragged on until 1717 due to lack of money. The organ was commissioned to the Mainz organ builder Johann Anton Ignaz Will in 1715 and installed in early 1717.

The Trinity Church was inaugurated on October 31, 1717, the day of the 200th anniversary of the Reformation .

French Revolution

In 1792 Speyer was conquered by French revolutionary troops. The last service took place in the Trinity Church on Boxing Day 1793. Then the church was looted, the church vessels had to be delivered, the bells and the organ pipes were removed so that the building finally no longer contained any metal. In the final phase of the Napoleonic campaigns, the church was used as a hospital for wounded soldiers, and services were not held again until 1814.

Church union

The first rapprochement between Reformed and Lutherans took place as early as the second half of the 18th century. The experience of the French Revolution intensified the rapprochement. At the Reformation Festival on October 31, 1817, the Reformed Congregation in Speyer decided to rename its church to “Church of the Holy Spirit”. From then on the church served the united Protestant community.

This happened a year before the actual union of the churches in the Palatinate. In a survey of around 130,000 Reformed and 108,000 Lutheran Protestants in the parishes of the Palatinate, 40,167 voted for the Union, only 539 against. In the Palatinate, from August 16, 1818, a general synod of the Lutheran and Reformed communities met in Kaiserslautern to establish a common creed . On the 1st of Advent 1818 (November 29, 1818) they formed a union, which was celebrated with a solemn communal service.

Until the completion of the Memorial Church in 1904, the Trinity Church remained the main Protestant church in Speyer. From 1904, church services were only held in the Trinity Church during the winter half-year, because the Memorial Church was not heated in winter until 1965 and was therefore only used as a summer church.

In 1979, regular church services were stopped in the Heiliggeistkirche. The services take place regularly only in the Trinity Church.

architecture

inside view

The Speyer Dreifaltigkeitskirche is a baroque building and goes back directly to the Katharinenkirche in Frankfurt am Main , which was built by Melchior Hessler from 1678 to 1680 . It was built between 1701 and 1717. The builder was the Mannheim architect Johann Peter Graber. The church is considered an "outstanding achievement of Protestant church architecture and a jewel of the baroque" .

The church is oriented to the northeast. The spacious hall has a choir closure made up of five sides of a decagon. The walls are not structured because of the galleries. The wooden ceiling has a very flat cap vault over semicircular shield arches.

The facade is no longer original, as the five stone figures were overturned from the gable of the facade during the French occupation in 1794. The current facade gable was redesigned in 1891 according to the plans of the Speyer architect Heinrich Jester .

The interior of the church comes completely from the time it was built. The ceiling paintings are based on medieval forms of representation. They are all designed like panel paintings . 20 scenes can be traced back to the picture Bible of Matthäus Merian . The illustrations of the church scenes serve to understand and spread the word of God, entirely in keeping with the Lutheran faith. In contrast to the usual baroque ceiling paintings, there is no orientation towards a visual axis .

Organ above the altar

organ

The organ of the Dreifaltigkeitskirche is located above the altar in the historical prospectus, which was built by Christian Dathan around 1716 for the first organ of the church. The instrument was built in 1929 by the organ building company Steinmeyer (Oettingen), using pipe material from the previous organ from 1812, which was built by Johann Georg Geib (Frankenthal). The organ now has 41 registers , divided into three manuals and pedal. The instrument has electropneumatic action .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Quintad 8th'
4th Covered 8th'
5. octave 4 ′
6th Reed flute 4 ′
7th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. octave 2 ′
9. Cornett 4 ′
10. mixture 2 ′
11. Trumpet 8th'
II parapet positive C – g 3
12. Covered 8th'
13. Prefix 4 ′
14th Transverse flute 4 ′
15th recorder 2 ′
16. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Zimbel IV
Tremulant
Zimbelstern
III Swell C – g 3
18th Reed flute 16 ′
19th Principal 8th'
20th flute 8th'
21st Salicional 8th'
22nd octave 4 ′
23. Night horn 4 ′
24. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Super octave 2 ′
26th Pointed flute 2 ′
27. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
28. Sif flute 1'
29 Sharp V
30th Rankett 16 ′
31. Krummhorn 8th'
32. shelf 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
33. Violon bass 16 ′
34. Sub bass 16 ′
35. Subtle bass 16 ′
36. Octave bass 8th'
37. Violoncello 8th'
38. octave 4 ′
39. Forest flute 2 ′
40. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
41. Rauschpfeife 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
42. trombone 16 ′
43. Rankett (= No. 30) 16 ′
44. Krummhorn (= number 32) 8th'

Bell tower and bells

Bell tower

The so-called Läutturm belonged to the medieval St. George's Church, of which nothing has survived. Between 1689 and 1822 the tower was only left as a stump. In 1818 the foundry Sprinkhorn et Schrader from Frankenthal cast a three-part bell that turned out to be too big for the roof turret of the Holy Trinity Church, which was built in 1717. The bell tower was rebuilt to accommodate the new bell. On July 2, 1891, the tower burned down with the clock and bells . In the same year poured Andreas Hamm in Frankenthal a new ringing with the sounds of the C minor - triad (c 1 , there 1 and g 1 ), which were thus matched to the bells of the cathedral. They bore the inscriptions “God's word remains forever” , “There is still some rest in the people of God” and “Rejoice in the Lord always” . First they were hung in a bell house in the church garden and after the bell tower was rebuilt there so that they could be rung; In 1917 the bells had to be picked up for war purposes. This was followed in 1924 by three bells from the same foundry, this time in the tones c 1 (emergency bell) , es 1 (faith bell ) and f 1 (sky bell ) . In World War II, this peal was destroyed. In the roof turret of the Holy Trinity Church itself, the Our Father bell has been hanging in tone b 1 since 1951 ; it was cast by Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling . Tuned to the Karlsruhe bell and poured art foundry 1964 Läutturm the three bells in the same blow tones of the first peal (c-minor triad).

literature

  • Christiane Brodersen, Thomas Klenner, Lenelotte Möller: Walk-in picture Bible: The gallery pictures of the Trinity Church in Speyer. Kartoffeldruck-Verlag, Speyer 2011, ISBN 978-3-939526-12-4 .
  • Clemens Jöckle with photos by Thomas Klenner, Horst Poggel: Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer. 5th, updated edition, Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7954-4919-3 .
  • Views and insights into gallery images of the Trinity Church in Speyer. Verlagshaus Speyer, Speyer 2013, ISBN 978-3-939512-50-9 .
  • Christiane Brodersen, Klaus Bümlein, Christine Lauer (eds.): Three hundred years Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer . Association for Palatinate Church History eV, Speyer 2017, ISBN 978-3-938031-74-2 .

Web links

Commons : Dreifaltigkeitskirche  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Protestants celebrate twice. In: Mannheimer Morgen. April 7, 2016, accessed January 19, 2019 .
  2. ^ Rudolf Fendler: Johann Caspar Bagnato (1696-1757), the baroque master builder from Landau , Knecht Verlag, 1996, p. 12, ISBN 3930927179 ; (Detail scan)
  3. ↑ a b Gero Kaleschke: Contributions to the history of the organs of the Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Speyer . In: Christiane Brodersen, Klaus Bümlein, Christine Lauer (eds.): Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer for three hundred years . Association for Palatinate Church History eV, Speyer 2017, ISBN 978-3-938031-74-2 , p. 257-276 .
  4. ↑ Clemens Jöckle with photos by Thomas Klenner, Horst Poggel: Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer . 5th updated edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7954-4919-3 .
  5. ↑ Ludger Tekampe: The Vasa sacra of the Trinity Church . In: Christiane Brodersen, Klaus Bümlein, Christine Lauer (eds.): Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer for three hundred years . Association for Palatinate Church History eV, Speyer 2017, ISBN 978-3-938031-74-2 , p. 277-291 .
  6. ^ Evangelical Church of the Palatinate, Regional Church Council: Heiliggeistkirche Speyer. , Section: ... and the Reformed Church in Speyer
  7. ↑ Klaus Bümlein, "Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Protestant State Church)" (November 8, 2012), in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns , accessed on April 5, 2013.
  8. ↑ Klaus Bümlein: The Trinity Church in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Christiane Brodersen, Klaus Bümlein, Christine Lauer (eds.): Dreifaltigkeitskirche Speyer for three hundred years . Association for Palatinate Church History eV, Speyer 2017, ISBN 978-3-938031-74-2 , p. 409-431 .
  9. ↑ Timm Herre and dpa: Heiliggeistkirche for sale , in morgenweb.de from Wednesday, May 22, 2013; accessed on March 8, 2014
  10. ↑ a b http://www.dreifaltigkeit-speyer.de/
  11. ↑ Amelie Seck: Walk-in picture Bible . Open again soon: the Trinity Church in Speyer. In: German Foundation for Monument Protection (Hrsg.): Monuments . Magazine for monument culture in Germany. No. 4 . Monuments publications, 2017, ISSN  0941-7125 , p. 30, 31 .
  12. ↑ More details on the history of the organ of the Dreifaltigkeitskirche
  13. ↑ Theo Fehn : The bell expert. About the reconstruction of the German bell system from the point of view of Theo Fehn. Badenia, Karlsruhe 1991, Vol. 1, pp. 32 + 34, ISBN 3-7617-0284-1 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 '4.4 "  N , 8 ° 26" 22.2 "  E