Janub Kurdufan

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Janub Kurdufan
Libyen Zentralafrikanische Republik Tschad Ägypten de-facto Ägypten - vom Sudan beansprucht de-facto Ägypten - weder von Sudan noch von Ägypten beansprucht Südsudan Eritrea Äthiopien de-facto Sudan (vom Sudan als Teil von Dschanub Kurdufan beansprucht - vom Südsudan beansprucht) Gharb Darfur Dschanub Darfur Dschanub Kurdufan An-Nil al-azraq Sannar (Bundesstaat) Al-Dschazira (Bundesstaat) Al-Qadarif (Bundesstaat) An-Nil al-abyad Al-Chartum Kassala Nahr an-Nil al-Bahr al-ahmar Schamal Kurdufan Asch-Schamaliyya Schamal Darfur Wasat Darfur Scharq DarfurSouth Kurdufan in Sudan (+ claims hatched) .svg
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Basic data
Capital : Kadugli
Area : 158,355 km²
Residents : 2,508,268 (2010 census)
Population density : 15.9 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 : SD-KS

politics
Governor : Ahmed Haroun

Dschanub Kurdufan ( Arabic جنوب كردفان, German  Süd- Kurdufan or Südkordofan ) is a federal state in the south of Sudan , on the border with South Sudan .

It has an area of ​​158,355 km² and according to the 2010 census, around 2.5 million inhabitants. Its capital is Kadugli .

geography

The landscape in Dschanub Kurdufan is characterized by dry savannah and millet fields . To the east are the Nuba Mountains . In the south-west are the Heglig oil production area and the controversial Abyei area, which has a special administrative status. Other important places besides the capital Kadugli are ad-Dilling , ar-Rashad , Talodi and Dschulud .

population

The region is home to both the black African Nuba peoples and Dinka, as well as various Arab peoples such as the Baggara (with the subgroups Misseriya , Hawazma and Awlad Himaid) and also the Shanabla, Ma'aliya, Kebabish, Kenena and Beni Jerar.

history

From 1919 to 1974 and 1991 to 1994 the area of ​​what is now the state of Dschanub Kurdufan belonged to the Kurdufan Province . In 1974 the province of Kurdufan was divided for the first time into the provinces of Shamal (north) and Dschanub (south) Kurdufan. On February 14, 1994, Kurdufan was split again, this time into the three states of North, South and Gharb (West) Kurdufan.

Dschanub Kurdufan in the borders from 1994-2005

During the second Sudanese civil war , South Kordofan and the area around Abyei, which at that time still belonged to West Kordofan, were the scene of numerous battles, because the local Nuba and Dinka supported the South Sudanese rebels, while Baggara fought in militias on the side of the government. In 2005 West Kordofan was dissolved in accordance with the peace agreement between North and South Sudan and its territory was divided between North and South Kordofan, which thus regained their borders from 1974-1994. As a result, the Nuba population decreased in the new federal state, as the areas that formerly belonged to Gharb Kurdufan are mainly inhabited by Arab ethnic groups loyal to the Sudanese government.

According to the peace agreement, the residents of Abyei should have decided at the same time as the independence referendum in South Sudan in 2011 whether the area should belong to North or South Sudan in the future, but this referendum was canceled . The population of the rest of the state should be able to express their opinion on the peace agreement in a vaguely defined popular consultation .

Gubernatorial election and fighting since 2011

The gubernatorial elections could not be held in April 2010, as in the other states, because the official result of the national census of 2008 (around 1.4 million inhabitants) as the basis for the division of the constituencies was controversial. Another census in June 2010 showed a population of around 2.5 million. The incumbent governor Ahmad Harun , who is wanted by the International Court of Justice for crimes in the Darfur conflict, took office for the National Congress Party NCP . The previous Lieutenant Governor Abdul Aziz al-Hilu from the SPLM stood for election as the challenger . In the run-up to the elections, militias supporting Ahmad Harun attacked al-Hilu's hometown of el-Feid .

The NCP announced that it would rebuild the state of Gharb Kurdufan if it won the election. Nuba representatives spoke out against this proposal, which would amount to a split in the state of Dschanub Kurdufan based on ethnic and racial criteria and harm the coexistence of the ethnic groups. The elections themselves took place from May 2nd to 4th and were peaceful. On May 15, the official result was announced, according to which Ahmed Harun had won by 6,500 votes over al-Hilu. Of the seats in the regional parliament, 33 are said to have gone to the NCP and 21 to the SPLM. The SPLM accused the NCP of electoral fraud, but international observers said the election had proceeded properly.

At the end of May, the Sudanese army occupied the city of Abyei and gave fighters of the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (the armed arm of the SPLM ) in Dschanub Kurdufan - as well as in the state of an-Nil al-azraq - an ultimatum to withdraw or to withdraw to South Sudan by June 1 give up their weapons. When the army and allied forces began cracking down on SPLM supporters, fighting broke out in various locations in the Nuba Mountains on June 5. Reports on the use of heavy artillery and air strikes, especially in the Nuba Mountains and in the capital Kadugli. According to the United Nations, more than 60,000 people fled the fighting. There are reports of " ethnic cleansing " against Nuba and several people have been murdered for (allegedly) supporting the SPLM. Hundreds of people are said to have been killed by July 15. The Satellite Sentinel Project published satellite images of alleged mass graves near Kadugli.

At the end of June, representatives of the NCP signed an agreement with the SPLM to end the fighting in Janub Kurdufan, but President Omar al-Bashir soon afterwards publicly stated that the agreement was not valid and the army would continue its operations until the rebel state "Purged" and Abdul Aziz al-Hilu would be "arrested".

In late August, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reported that the bombing had continued unabated. According to their representation, aircraft from the manufacturer Antonov fly untargeted area bombing almost every day.

Cities and villages in Dschanub Kurdufan

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b www.statoids.com: Historical overview of the Sudanese states
  2. ^ A b Muhammad Osman: Factbox: South Kordofan elections , April 11, 2011
  3. ↑ CPA, Chapter 5 "The Resolution of the Conflict in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States", p. 73
  4. ↑ International Crisis Group: Sudan's Southern Kordofan Problem: The Next Darfur? , 2008
  5. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics / Southern Sudan Center for Census Statistics and Evaluation: 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census - 2008 ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 415 kB), Table: T02 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / southsudaninfo.net
  6. ↑ Militia attacks in Sudan's South Kordofan State kill dozens ahead of sensitive polls , in: Sudan Tribune, April 15, 2011
  7. ↑ James Copnall: Sudan: Southern Kordofan town 'attacked deliberately' , in: BBC News, April 19, 2011
  8. ^ Nuba alliance denounces NCP's proposal to break up of South Kordofan , in: Sudan Tribune, April 18, 2011
  9. ↑ South Kordofan vote enters final day as SPLM claims fraud , in: Sudan Tribune, May 4, 2011
  10. ↑ ICC suspect lags behind SPLM candidate in South Kordofan elections: Al-Jazeera , in: Sudan Tribune, May 7, 2011
  11. ↑ ICC indictee Haroun declared winner of South Kordofan polls as SPLM asserts rejection , in: Sudan Tribune, May 15, 2011
  12. ^ Sudan: SPLM rejects South Kordofan win for Ahmed Haroun , in: BBC News, May 16, 2011
  13. ↑ Haroun vows to punish SPLM's Al-Hilu as South Kordofan conflagration continues , in: Sudan Tribune, June 11, 2011
  14. ↑ Dominic Johnson : Second Front against the South. In: the daily newspaper . June 10, 2011, accessed June 14, 2011 .
  15. ↑ Dominic Johnson: Hundreds of thousands of civilians without protection. In: the daily newspaper . June 17, 2011, accessed June 17, 2011 .
  16. ↑ UN-OCHA: South Kordofan Situation Report No. 5 , June 15, 2011 (PDF)
  17. ↑ Dominic Johnson: Massacre in front of the UN , in: taz.de, July 15, 2011
  18. ^ Sudan President Al-Bashir officially renounces S. Kordofan accord , in: Sudan Tribune, July 7, 2011
  19. ^ NCP denies discord over Addis Ababa deal as SPLM warns against scrapping it , in: Sudan Tribune, July 4, 2011
  20. ↑ Dominic Johnson: Air Strikes on Defenseless Civilians. In: the daily newspaper . August 29, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011 .