Dark wolf spider

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Dark wolf spider
Dark wolf spider (Pardosa amentata), female

Dark wolf spider ( Pardosa amentata ), female

Systematics
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Lycosoidea
Family : Wolf spiders (Lycosidae)
Genre : Pardosa
Type : Dark wolf spider
Scientific name
Pardosa amentata
( Clerck , 1757)

The dark or banded wolf spider ( Pardosa amentata ), also called bank wolf spider , is a web spider from the family of wolf spiders (Lycosidae). The species is one of the most common spiders in Germany and, in contrast to the other representatives of the genus, can also move on the surface of the water.

features

male

The body length of the female is 5.5 to eight millimeters, that of the male six to 6.5 millimeters. The color is dark brown in the female and black-brown to uniformly black in the male. Similar to the closely related black wolf spider ( Pardosa lugubris ), the dark wolf spider also has a lighter longitudinal band on the front body . In contrast to the sister species, the longitudinal band is rather unclear and not straight, but widening in the middle to the head area. There is also a longitudinal ligament in the middle of the abdomen , but it is often very indistinct. Black spots and pairs of white dots border on this longitudinal band. The legs of the dark wolf spider are also brown and have black rings.

Similar species

Black Wolf Spider ( Pardosa lugubris ) female

In addition to the similarity of the dark wolf spider with other species of the genus Pardosa , the one with the already mentioned black wolf spider should be emphasized.

Occurrence

Female on the flower of a rocket-leaf ragwort ( Senecio erucifolius )

The distribution area of ​​the dark wolf spider runs from almost all of Europe via Turkey and the Caucasus to Russia (there to southern Siberia ). All possible unforested habitats are inhabited that are not too dry, such as wet meadows. Often the species can also be found on the banks of water. In wooded areas, the dark wolf spider often shares habitats in forest clearings with the scared wolf spider and, together with them, is one of the most common spider species in Germany.

Threat and protection

The dark wolf spider is not threatened because of its adaptability and abundance. The species is not rated by the IUCN .

Way of life

Female while killing a snake that was killed in the water . Another female of the species and one of the pirate spiders ( Pirata piraticus ) are also involved.

The dark wolf spider, like many other wolf spiders, is a free-hunted predator, but does not create living tubes. They lie in wait for their prey mainly at night and prey on passing prey by jumping out of a hiding place and holding them. The spiders like to sunbathe on leaves. The dark wolf spider is the only species of the genus Pardosa that can move on the surface of the water.

Reproduction

Female with egg cocoon

In spring you can also watch the courting couples on the leaves. The male waves his pedipalps at courtship from May onwards . It dies shortly after mating. As with all wolf spiders, the female carries the egg cocoon and then the young with her. The adult spiders are found from March to September. The young hibernate.

Systematics

The dark wolf spider received various names and synonyms. Erstbeschreiber Carl Alexander Clerck described this method in 1757 as Araneus amentatus . It was given its current name for the first time in 1876 under Eugène Simon . It has been used consistently under this name by Paolo Tongiorgi since 1966.

Galleries

Further image files of the dark wolf spider can be called up here. These are sorted according to gender.

female

  • Top view of a female

  • Frontal view of a female

  • Lateral view of a female

  • Rear view of a female

  • Female mostly on the surface of the water

  • Females with young animals

  • Females and males on a leaf

male

  • Top view of a male

  • Front view of a male

  • Lateral view of a male

  • Rear view of a male

  • Detail of a male

  • A male and a fire bug on wood

  • Courting male

  • Globe of a male

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2nd edition, 2016, p. 166, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 .
  2. ↑ a b Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) in the WSC World Spider Catalog , accessed December 11, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c Description of the dark wolf spider on www.natur-in-nrw.de ( [1] )
  4. ^ Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) at Global Biodiversity Information Facility , accessed December 9, 2019.

literature

  • Carl Alexander Clerck : Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några and sextio särskildte arter deskrefne and with illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholm (Stockholmiae) 1757, pp. 96-97 (first description).
  • Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 1st edition, Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-10114-8 , p. 166.
  • Heiko Bellmann : Cosmos Atlas Arachnids of Europe. Extra: freshwater crabs, woodlice and millipedes . 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1 , pp. 144 .

Web links

Commons : Dark Wolf Spider  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files