Erms
| Erms | ||
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 238176 | |
| location |
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| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Neckar → Rhine → North Sea | |
| Headwaters | near Bad Urach- Seeburg (Mühltal and Fischburgtal) | |
| Source height | 617 m above sea level NN | |
| Spring discharge |
MNQ MQ MHQ |
67 l / s 335 l / s 1 m³ / s |
| muzzle | in Neckartenzlingen from the right in the Neckar Coordinates: 48 ° 35 '35 " N , 9 ° 14' 11" E 48 ° 35 '35 " N , 9 ° 14' 11" E |
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| Mouth height | 285 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 332 m | |
| Bottom slope | 10 ‰ | |
| length | 32.4 km including the Trailfinger Bach from the sewage treatment plant of Münsingen -Trailfingen, approx. 2.0 km upstream of the Erms origin |
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| Catchment area | 179.178 km² | |
| Discharge at the Riederich A Eo gauge : 160 km² Location: 5.1 km above the mouth |
NNQ (July 29, 1923) MNQ 1923–2009 MQ 1923–2009 Mq 1923–2009 MHQ 1923–2009 HHQ (September 30, 1938) |
70 l / s 944 l / s 3.04 m³ / s 19 l / (s km²) 22 m³ / s 73.2 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 178.9 km² |
MQ Mq |
3.253 m³ / s 18.2 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Bruehlbach | |
| Right tributaries | Elsach | |
The Erms ( Latin Armissia ) is a 32.7 kilometer long, predominantly northwest-oriented, right tributary of the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg . It rises in the north of the central Swabian Alb , flows through the Ermstal , which is named after it, and flows into the foothills of the Alb . The river and its tributaries have cut a mighty frontal valley into the front of the Alb eaves.
geography
The Ermstal is one of the largest valley systems that have cut into the strata of the Swabian Alb from the north-west and dissect them. The nearby large waters of the Rhine river system are much deeper than those running to the Danube on the southeast side of the Alb, so that the Rhenish waters gradually relocate the European main watershed back at the expense of the Danube area due to regressive erosion . Due to the Neckar, which runs particularly close to the Albtrauf, and the great difference in altitude in between, the Erms possessed sufficient erosion power to form one of the most striking valleys of the Albtrauf. The valley is rich in karst phenomena . The longitudinal profile, stepped by calcareous sinter deposits, was once more conspicuous than it is today thanks to several natural reservoirs and, thanks to the easily usable hydropower, favored commercial development on the river.
Erms origin
The spring known as the “Ermsursprung” is located just under a kilometer southeast of the Bad Urach village of Seeburg in the Mühltal . The average discharge of the karst spring is between 335 l / s and 380 l / s (this corresponds to 20.1 m³ or 22.8 m³ per minute). The spring discharge fluctuates between 67 l / s and 1000 l / s depending on the weather.
course
The Fischbach flows into Seeburg, which was the northern and western border of the former Münsingen military training area for long stretches . The Mühltal coming from the Ermsursprung, the Fischburgtal and the one that forms a road connection from Münsingen, and the Seetal that joins from the south form a three-part valley spider .
Between Seeburg and Bad Urach, the Erms flows through the upper Ermstal, which here forms the boundary of the plateau villages of Wittlingen and Sirchingen for long stretches . The valley section, which is up to 150 m eroded into the Alb body , is characterized by the steep slopes that are closely opposite here, which are continuously forested and crowned by bare white Jurassic rocks with special plant communities. The Erms has formed mighty tuff steps (precipitated limestone ) on the valley floor on the entire route as far as Bad Urach , which dammed lakes at each of the 7 ends of the step until the 19th century. The tufa steps remained. Most of the lakes just gradually disappeared.
In the area of the old town of Urach is the center of another valley spider. The multi-branched valley system of the Elsach flows here from the east , the sources of which are in the Falkensteiner Höhle and Elsachbröller . The Brühlbach flows from the southwest, from the Maisental, where the Urach waterfall and the Güterstein waterfall are located . Below Urach the step edge valley, eroded by the Erms, widens. Down the valley, traces of the early use of hydropower by the Erms during industrialization are increasing . There is still a paper mill in Dettingen .
The Glemsbach flows into Neuhausen . Here, as in Metzingen , vineyards accompany the course of the river. The Erms leaves the valley of the Jura Mountains and goes over to the Alb foreland. The Riederichbach , previously known as the long Stetterbach, flows below Riederich. After the river has passed Bempflingen , it flows into the Neckar in Neckartenzlingen , whose water reaches the North Sea via the Rhine .
Catchment area
The Erms drains an approximately 179 km² area mainly on the central Swabian Alb and in its foreland. In terms of natural space, its upper part belongs to the Middle Kuppenalb , the lower part almost entirely to the foreland of the central Swabian Alb , where it runs through the Neuffen foothills and the Erms-Steinach-Alb foreland . Finally, a gusset near the mouth of the Fildern is still part of the Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckar valley .
The highest point in the area reaches around 870 m above sea level in the area of the top of the Römerstein on the Alb plateau . NHN .
Tributaries
Tributaries from the source to the mouth. With length and partial catchment area. Other sources are noted.
Selection, usually without side channels.
Erms origin in the Mühltal less than a kilometer before Seeburg .
- Trailfinger Bach , upper course through Trailfinger Gorge and Mühltal to the official source, approx. 2.0 km. Begins its run at the Trailfinger sewage treatment plant.
- Fischbach , from the right in Bad Urach- Seeburg 8.4 km and 36.0 km². The Erms together with the Trailfinger Bach is only 3.6 km long at the confluence and has an above-ground catchment area of only 8.7 km².
- Seebach , from the left into the Mühlgraben left of the Erms in Seeburg, 1.3 km.
- (Bach vom Fleinsbrunnen ), from the right into the engine duct down from Seeburg, 1.2 km.
- Kohlteichgraben , from the left, 1.5 km.
- (Bach vom Jakobsbrunnen ), from the right, 0.6 km.
- Grindelbach , from the left, 1.1 km.
- (Bach vom Fischerbrunnen ), from the left, 0.3 km.
- Üarea , floodplain spring inflow from the right into the engine duct near Bad Urach-Georgenau, 0.4 km.
- Sirchinger Waterfall , from the left, 0.1 km.
- Wittlinger Bach , from the right, 1.8 km.
- Wiesengraben , from the right in front of the Georgii settlement, less than 0.1 km.
- Nottenbach , from the left on the southern edge of the closed development of central Bad Urach, 1.1 km.
- Elsach , from the right in the center of Bad Urach, 5.4 km and 30.5 km².
- (Bach from the Seltbachtal ), from the left in Bad Urach, 0.5 km.
- Brühlbach (!), From the left, 3.4 km and 8.1 km².
- Eschenbach , from the left at the Dettingen an der Erms paper mill, 1.2 km.
- Herdterngraben , from the right at the Dettingen an der Erms paper factory into the Erm canal, 0.5 km.
- Gweidachgraben , from the right at the Dettingen paper mill into the Ermskanal, 0.4 km.
- Valley ditch , from the right between paper mill and Dettingen, 3.6 km and 4.2 km².
- Rosstriebbach , from the left in Dettingen, 0.6 km with Rohrbach on the right upper course.
- Sulzbach , from the right in Dettingen, 1.3 km.
- Krebsgraben , from the right in Dettingen, 1.5 km.
- Lochbach , from the right in Dettingen, 1.4 km.
- Peteräckergraben , from the left in Dettingen into the Wasserschlössle power station canal next to the Erms, 1.1 km.
- Nitzenbach or Nützenbach, from the right in Dettingen, 1.4 km.
- Saubronnenbach , from the left, 1.4 km.
- Saulbach , from the right between Dettingen and Neuhausen an der Erms , 2.3 km and 1.9 km².
- Leberbach , from the left in Neuhausen, 2.0 km and 1.7 km².
- Glemsbach , from the left in Neuhausen, 4.3 km and 11.4 km². See also Glems pumped storage plant .
- Wangenbach , from the left across from the building boundary between Neuhausen and Metzingen , 1.2 km.
- Spalerbach , from the right in Metzingen, 2.4 km.
- Buchbach or Scheulerbach, from left into the Erm canal in Metzingen, which is then called the Lohmühl Canal, 3.3 km.
- Vogelherdbach , from the left into the aforementioned Ermskanal in Metzingen, 0.8 km.
- Hölzlebach , from the left in Metzingen, 1.1 km.
- Brühlbach (!), From the right in Metzingen, 1.8 km.
- Korrenbach , from the right in Metzingen, 2.0 km.
- Lindenbach , from the right, 3.5 km and 3.8 km².
- Riederichbach , from left to Riederich , 8.2 km and 8.9 km². With section name sequence Riederichbach → Stettertbach → Brühlwiesenbach → Riederichbach .
- Ettwiesenbach , from right to Riederich in the Bempflinger Mühlkanal, 3.0 km and 2.0 km².
- Steidenbach , from the right in Bempflingen into the Bempflinger Mühlkanal, 2.8 km and 2.6 km².
- Krotenbach , from the right in Bempflingen into the Bempflinger Mühlkanal, 1.6 km and 1.4 km².
The mouth of the Erms from the right into the Neckar in Neckartenzlingen .
Name and story
The name of the Erms goes back to the Roman Armissa , which itself may have pre- Roman origins .
During Roman times , there was a more important Roman settlement at the strategically favorable place where the valley exits, on the site of today's Metzingen , which was called Vicus Armissium . In the Alemannic period, the Ermstal was called Swiggerstal , later the name, which was used as a landscape designation until the 15th century, was transferred to a larger area ( Gau ?). The places came to Württemberg in the Middle Ages and have shared its fate ever since. In the 16th century, therefore, all the communities located on the Erms were reformed .
Within Württemberg, the settlements belonged to the Oberamt Urach , only Neckartenzlingen was part of the Oberamt Nürtingen . When the Urach district was dissolved in 1938, most of the Urach villages were transferred to the Reutlingen district . Bempflingen came with Neckartenzlingen to the district of Nürtingen , 1973 to the district of Esslingen ; the villages above Urach, such as Seeburg, Wittlingen and Sirchingen, came to the Münsingen district in 1938 , and in 1973 also to the Reutlingen district.
See also
literature
- Rüdiger Roth: The Ermstal between Neckartenzlingen and Bad Urach , Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3-8062-1895-4 .
- Wilfried Rosendahl, Dorothee Sahm-Stotz (eds.): Bottomless lake and Schickhardt gallery. Natural and cultural history in the limestone tuff of Seeberg near Bad Urach . Staatsanzeiger-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-929981-57-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Use of hydropower in the Neckar-Alb region Erms Regionalverband Neckar-Alb, March 2010, page 1 (part B), accessed on November 26, 2017 (pdf, German, 47.6 MB)
- ↑ a b c Geotopes in the administrative district of Tübingen - Characteristics of the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, August 2007, accessed on November 26, 2017 (pdf, German, 9.40 MB)
- ↑ a b Length according to the water network layer (AWGN) on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
- ↑ a b c Catchment area summed up according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) on: Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes ).
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 112, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
- ↑ Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment, Climate and Energy: Potential to expand hydropower up to 1,000 KW in the Neckar catchment area, taking into account ecological management goals ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2011, p. 8, ab. on November 26, 2017 (pdf, German, 1.94 MB)
- ^ Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25000, 7522 sheet Urach, LGRB, Freiburg 1974
- ↑ Seven limestone tufa terraces to Bad Urach: [1]
- ↑ Schickhardt-Stollen, Rosendahl. See literature
- ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 171 Göppingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1961. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ^ Hans Graul : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 179 Ulm. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. → Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
- ↑ Catchment area after the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes ).
- ↑ The district of Reutlingen , ISBN 3-7995-1357-4 , p. 1020
- ^ The district of Reutlingen , p. 96f.
