Erythrai
Erythrai ( Greek Ἐρυθραί ), later Litri, was an ancient Greek city in the Ionia region of Asia Minor . It was on the Aegean coast of today's Turkey near the village of Ildır in the Çeşme district of the İzmir province .
Erythrai was a member of the Ionian League . From the 6th to the 4th century BC The city was alternately under Persian and Athenian control. Erythrai's political orientation changed several times during the Hellenistic period. Since the end of the Pergamene Empire in 133 BC. As a free city (civitas libera) it belonged to the Asia province of the Roman Empire. The Sibyl of Erythrai had her seat there, as a stele find near the place in 1891 showed.
There are remains of a theater on the north slope of the Acropolis . Between 1964 and 1982 further excavations took place in Erythrae under the direction of Ekrem Akurgal. The wall from the 4th century BC BC had a total length of 3.7 km. Inscriptions proved the existence of a temple of Athena, which Pausanias (VII, 5,8) had already mentioned. Later excavations also revealed a "cyclopean" wall from around 750 to 700 BC. There was also a Koren sculpture 1.80 m high from around 560 to 550 BC. The artifacts are in the Izmir Archaeological Museum.
A Heraklèion can be proven on the north-western coast by means of numerous fragments. It was probably an Ionic temple from the 6th century BC. The ruins of a megaron were found on the Acropolis , part of what is probably the oldest building in the settlement. It was dated to the geometric era.
Two buildings from the classical period were excavated in the lower town, then a Hellenistic villa with mosaics, a building measuring 18 by 25 m. There is also a Roman villa that was built over a Hellenistic building. The building dates from the 2nd century and was rebuilt at the time of Emperor Gallienus (260–268). Another Roman villa, which dates back to the 5th century, was built on the so-called "Paradise Hill".
swell
- Helmut Engelmann , Reinhold Merkelbach (eds.): Inscriptions of Greek cities from Asia Minor , Vols. 1 and 2: The inscriptions of Erythrai and Klazomenai , Bonn 1972 and 1973.
literature
- Ekrem Akurgal : Erythrai (Ildiri) Turkey . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- George Ewart Bean : Asia Minor . Volume 1. Aegean Turkey from Pergamon to Didyma . 5th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-17-009678-8 , pp. 153-159.
- Helmut Engelmann, Reinhold Merkelbach : The inscriptions of Erythrai and Klazomenai . 2 volumes. Habelt, Bonn 1972–1973 ( inscriptions of Greek cities from Asia Minor , Vol. 1–2).
- Eckart Olshausen : Erythrai 2. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 5, Stuttgart 1975, Sp. 1601.
- Orhan Bingöl: The first style of wall decoration in Erythrai , in: Archäologischer Anzeiger 1988, pp. 510-522.
Web links
- Inscriptions from Erythrai
- Coins Erythrai (English)
Coordinates: 38 ° 22 ′ 57.8 " N , 26 ° 28 ′ 51" E