gone

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Gone , bairisch pfutsch , a common in the German language since the 18th century (usually is indeclinable and only predicative used) adjective meaning "away," "lost," "destroy" or simply " broken ".

origin

According to the German dictionary , it was originally the imperative of the verb futschen , which is used in various Swiss dialects as a synonym for "slide, slide", and later developed into an adverb and finally an interjection. This was associated with a change in meaning: from “in one go”, “with the greatest speed” to “quickly lost” and then more generalized “gone, lost”. For at least 200 years is also the fixed phrases are to be gone , go down the drain and be gone .

In contrast, the Etymological Dictionary of the German Language sees the origin from a sound gesture. In terms of sound , the French word foutu 'futsch' from foutre originally means 'sleep in', compare the vulgar word fut 'vagina'. Wolfgang Pfeifer sees dialect words like pfutschen of pfutsch derived, not vice versa. The futschikato and futschikato perdutti training courses are close to the Italian fuggito “fled”.

Occurrences outside of Germany

The word also occurs in neighboring Slavic languages. In Czech it is fuč , which is what the verb fučet means “ whizzing , blowing, whistling”; Slovak equivalent to fukať to fuč . Futschik was a dirty word for a Czech in the Sudetenland . In the Netherlands foetsie (IPA: ['fu: tsi]) means "gone, gone".

Designations

Postage stamps

Real postage stamp (left) and fake propaganda USA, 1944 (right)

A well-known declined and attributive use of the word can be found in Allied propaganda stamps with the inscription "Futsches Reich" under a Hitler skull. According to the Michel catalog , there are two forgeries of war mail from the series Adolf Hitler issued on August 1, 1941 , Michel numbers 785 (value 6 pfennig, color purple) and 788 (12 pfennig, carmine). They were produced in the fall of 1944 by a US field printer of the US secret service OSS in Rome . Glued to false letters with various sender information, false stamps from post offices in Vienna and Hanover , they were dropped from planes over Austria and Bavaria . An entire mailbag with the forged brands was officially delivered in Berlin . The brands (Michel numbers 785 PFä and 788 PFä) are sought after by collectors, forgeries of the forgeries are documented. A misprint DFUTSCHES (Michel number 785 b I) is known of a color variant of the 6 pfennig value, as well as of the 4 pfennig value (Michel number 783 I).

protein

In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , a protein was named with Futsch . This fly is an important model organism in biological research . In Drosophila , it is common for researchers to give a new protein a figurative name borrowed from their own language (e.g., cripple, polycomb, trithorax ). Futsch got its name around 1999 from a German research group who discovered that the protein led to the loss of certain properties. An artificially produced ( monoclonal ) antibody against Futsch , with which the protein can be detected, is called anti-Futsch .

Futschikato

The expanded and reinforced form, but also used as a simple synonym, futschikato is an adverb composed of futsch and kato , colloquially for "broken". The term was in reference to Mount Fuji also represented as Japanism. In Berlin, a drink made from cola and brandy is called Futschi , a short form of Futschi kato .

The distinctive word also found its way into the title of a book, as early as 1910 in the subheading of a music print: We are pike in love, quickly burned out, and we are immediately gone when we see an apron band. A youth novel from 1936 was called Rätsel um den Futschikato , a children's book by Bernhard Lassahn from 2002 Futschikato is gone. A cabaret revue by Friedrich Hollaender , played from about 1957 to 1961, was entitled Futschikato.

Web links

Wiktionary: futsch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: futschikato  - explanations of meanings, word origins , synonyms, translations

Single receipts

  1. ↑ a b Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. 24th edition, Berlin 2002, p. 324.
  2. ↑ Duden Dictionary of Origin - Etymology of the German Language 3rd Edition, Mannheim, Leipzig, Vienna, Zurich 2001, p. 244.
  3. ^ Jacob Grimm / Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary. Hirzel, Leipzig, Volume 4, Delivery 5 (1872), Column 1064.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Pfeifer: Etymological Dictionary of German. 4th edition Munich 1999, p. 388.
  5. ↑ on futschikato cf. Wolfgang Pfeifer: Etymological dictionary of German. 4th edition Munich 1999, p. 388.
  6. ^ Hugo Siebenschein: Czech-German dictionary. 4th edition, Prague 1983, Volume 1, p. 245.
  7. ↑ Marta Juríková u. a .: Slovak-German dictionary. 1st edition, o. O. 1997, p. 102.
  8. ^ Otfrid Ehrismann (Hrsg.): Sudetend German dictionary. Volume 4, Delivery 7, Munich 2007, p. 534 sv Futschik.
  9. ↑ Michel Germany Special Catalog 1989, p. 584.
  10. ↑ Michel Germany Special Catalog 1989, p. 241.
  11. ↑ Stefanie Gögel: Analysis of the function of the microtubule-associated protein Futsch during the development of the neuronal cytoskeleton in Drosophila melanogaster. Diss. Münster 2004, p. 6. First description in: Roos, J., Hummel, T., Ng, N., Klämbt, C., and Davis, G .: The Drosophila MAP-B1 like protein FUTSCH directs synaptic branching. Neuron 26 (2000), pp. 371-382, PMID 10839355 .
  12. ↑ Ulrich Kück, Astrid Bunse: Practical course in molecular genetics. Berlin 2005, p. 342.
  13. ↑ HOtfrid Ehrismann (ed.): Sudetendeutsches dictionary. Volume 4, Delivery 7, Munich 2007, p. 534 sv futsch, futschikato .
  14. ↑ Adolf Dransfeld , Otto Teich : Drei amliebte pike. Leipzig, around 1910.
  15. ↑ Klaus Werner: Riddle about the Futschikato. Criminal case in five pictures . Berlin 1936 (= Volksspieldienst 186).
  16. ↑ Bernhard Lassahn, Ute Krause: Futschikato is gone. Munich 2000.
  17. ↑ Walter Delabar, Carsten Würmann: Literature for use. Hollaender and others. Contributions to a cultural history of the Weimar Republic. Berlin 2002, p. 110.