Georg Arbogast from and to Franckenstein

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Georg Arbogast from and to Franckenstein, around 1875

Georg Eugen Heinrich Arbogast Reichsfreiherr von und zu Franckenstein (* July 2, 1825 in Würzburg ; † January 22, 1890 in Berlin ) was a German politician, a member of the German Reichstag from 1872 to 1890 , a leading member of the Catholic Center Party , and its parliamentary group leader since 1875 and from 1879 to 1887 first Vice-President of the Reichstag.

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Franckenstein came from an Odenwald noble family of the Frankish imperial knighthood , in whose possession the Middle Franconian Fideikommiss Ullstadt and other possessions in Baden and Hesse were. He came as the eldest son of Baron Karl Arbogast from and to Franckenstein, the royal chamberlain and hereditary imperial councilor of the Crown of Bavaria, and his wife Leopoldine, née. Countess Apponyi de Nagy-Appony , to the world. Franckenstein began to study law in Munich , but already in 1845 after the death of his father took over the family chairmanship with the title of imperial baron and the administration of the property of the Franckenstein family . He resided at Ullstadt Castle and married Marie (1832–1891), the daughter of Prince Karl Krafft von Oettingen-Wallerstein , in 1857 . The couple had six children, three daughters and three sons, including the central politicians Johann Karl and Moritz von Franckenstein .

In 1847 Franckenstein was introduced as his father's successor to the Chamber of Reichsräte , the first chamber of the Bavarian state parliament , of which he was a member until his death and of which he was president from 1881 to 1890. When he entered the Chamber, he was appointed Royal Chamberlain and accepted into the Order of St. George , to whose Grand Chancellor he rose in 1879. He was soon seen as an advocate of a Catholic-patriotic course in the first chamber of the state parliament, voted in 1867 with the defeated minority against the customs union agreement , but in 1868 accepted his election to the customs parliament ( Eichstätt constituency ). In the Chamber of Imperial Councils he continued to represent Bavaria's particularist path: on July 20, 1870, he voted for Bavaria to enter the Franco-German War , but in the vote of December 30, 1870 on the November treaties and Bavaria's accession to the German Empire he voted “no” as one of only three councilors. During the war, Franckenstein supported the Bavarian Order of St. George in caring for the wounded and later advised the Bavarian King Ludwig II on the reorganization of the order of knights.

After the establishment of the Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles , Franckenstein initially withdrew into Bavarian politics. But after Karl zu Löwenstein had resigned his Reichstag mandate for the constituency of Lohr , Franckenstein was elected there on May 24, 1872 in the necessary replacement election and represented the constituency of Lohr in the Reichstag until 1890 (re-elections in 1874, 1877, 1878, 1881, 1884 and 1887) . Frankenstein joined the center faction and quickly positioned himself as the spokesman for the Bavarian center delegates. He was elected to the parliamentary group's executive committee and in 1875 as the successor to the late Savigny parliamentary group chairman. From 1879 to 1887 Franckenstein was also first vice-president of the Reichstag.

In imperial politics, Franckenstein, as one of the spokesmen for political Catholicism, was initially a bitter opponent of Bismarck in the Kulturkampf . After Bismarck's internal political turnaround in 1878/79, however, which involved the first steps to defuse the Kulturkampf, Franckenstein's center faction gained a key position in the Reichstag: Bismarck now needed the center for important legislative projects and Franckenstein became his preferred contact in the faction. This became apparent for the first time with the transition to protective tariff policy in 1879, when Franckenstein succeeded in the Reichstag's tariff commission and in direct negotiations with Bismarck to enforce the Franckenstein clause , which was important for the financial constitution of the empire and named after him . From 1880 he made a name for himself in the field of social policy and, as chairman of the responsible Reichstag commissions, helped enforce social security laws (health (1883), accident (1884), old-age and disability insurance (1889)). Here significant (and intended by Bismarck) conflicts arose between Franckenstein and the center leader Ludwig Windthorst , who wanted to make the parliamentary group's approval dependent on Bismarck's ecclesiastical concessions. The old age and invalidity law was rejected by Windthorst and the majority of the parliamentary group, but could be passed with the consent of a parliamentary minority around Franckenstein. In the severe Septennat crisis of 1887, however, Windthorst and Franckenstein jointly and decisively rejected the curia's attempt to exert influence on center politics.

In Bavarian politics, Franckenstein was considered “the coming man” ( Georg von Hertling ) and the bearer of hope for the conservative forces in the difficult domestic political situation of the 1870s and 80s, which was characterized by “that an ideologically liberal, politically state-conservative, imperial-friendly and state church oriented state ministry continued to rule against a conservative majority of the Chamber of Deputies , which was emphatically Bavarian, independent and Catholic ”( Dieter Albrecht ). King Ludwig II wanted to appoint Franckenstein chairman of the Council of Ministers after the state elections of 1875, but the latter refused because he feared that Bismarck would find the appointment of a distinguished Catholic as a provocation and use it as an opportunity for anti-Bavarian policy. When there was again speculation about a "Franckenstein Ministry" in the context of the state elections in 1881, Bismarck took a decided position against it, Ludwig II followed the pressure and again expressed his confidence in the liberal Lutz Ministry . Franckenstein was involved in the King's tragedy of Ludwig II in 1886 as the King's personal confidante and as President of the Chamber of Imperial Councils; contemporary rumors that Ludwig II wanted to form a "Franckenstein Ministry" at the last moment and that the latter was also ready to do so, can today be regarded as refuted; the relationship between Prince Regent Luitpold and Franckenstein remained strained due to these rumors. Franckenstein's detailed report in June 1886 about his role in the process of the incapacitation of Ludwig II was first published by Karl Otmar von Aretin in 2003.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Löffler : The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 145.
  2. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 145.
  3. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, p. 22 f.
  4. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 427 and p. 432 f.
  5. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, pp. 92–113.
  6. ^ For the first time comprehensively presented by Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, pp. 132–146, 168–182, 263–280.
  7. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 147 f.
  8. ↑ Quoted from Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Basics, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 146.
  9. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: From the founding of the empire to the end of the First World War (1871-1918). In: Alois Schmid (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian History. Volume IV, 1, Munich 2003, p. 377.
  10. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, p. 204 ff.
  11. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, pp. 206–225 with an editorial note, p. 333, note 9.
personal data
SURNAME Franckenstein, Georg Arbogast from and to
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Franckenstein, Georg Eugen Heinrich Arbogast Reich Freiherr von und zu (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (center), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH July 2, 1825
PLACE OF BIRTH Wurzburg
DATE OF DEATH January 22, 1890
Place of death Berlin