Gomphogyne
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Gomphogyne is a genus of the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae) that is native to Southeast Asia and consists of six species .
features
The representatives of the genus are graceful or slender climbing plants that reach half to five meters in length. They are annual or biennial plants and are always diocesan . The roots are thread-like, tuberous rhizomes are missing. Pre-leaves are also missing. The tendrils are in two parts at the top. The leaves are pinnate or pinnate (pedat), up to nine leaflets are oval to round, the lateral ones are usually smaller and elliptical. The tips of the leaflets are pointed, as is the base of the leaf. The leaf margin is finely to large serrated to serrated. Cystolites are absent or unremarkable.
The flowers are small and white. The male inflorescences are grape-like panicles . They stand to the side, rarely terminal, and have a few or many flowers. The bracts are small and linear. The female inflorescences are few or not branched and carry up to three flowers on a slender inflorescence stalk and usually one or two small, simple, unbranched tendrils close to the flower .
The male flower stands on a slender flower stalk, the five sepals are free, oval with a pointed end, shorter than or almost as long as the petals. The five petals are free and imbricat in the bud . They are oval with a pointed to pointed end. The adaxial side is covered with small glandular hairs. In Gomphogyne cissiformis, the five stamens start in the center of the flower cup , otherwise a little outside the center. The stamens are not grown together. They are long or short, at least longer than the anthers . The anthers are almost spherical, small and carry a theka that opens abaxially. A discus in the flower is missing or not very noticeable.
The female flowers are on a short flower stalk. The ovary is cylindrical to club-shaped and has one to three compartments. Each placenta carries one to many pendulous ovules . The perianth is slightly longer than that of the male flowers. The three styles are free, their scars are bilobed.
The fruits are small to medium-sized capsules of cylindrical to club-shaped shape and not or only slightly narrowed, clipped tip. The fruit is striped lengthways with straight, rib-like nerves, or irregular nerves. The tip is three-lobed, round or triangular with conspicuous, straight or outwardly curved triangular horn-shaped projections, which are partly formed by the stylus. The fruits contain a few to 12 seeds . They have an elliptical to elongated outline, are slightly to severely flattened and have a nodular surface. The seeds are wingless or can be membranous or corky winged, with the wing only at the ends of the seed or running around the whole seed.
distribution
Two types occur in the Himalayas . Three other species are native to Indochina , but not to Laos , Cambodia and South Vietnam . One species may extend as far as Yunnan . One species occurs in eastern Malesia : Ceram , New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago .
Systematics
The genus belongs within the cucurbit family in the only tribe Zanonieae of the subfamily Nhandiroboideae. Its sister taxon is the genus Neoalsomitra .
The six types described by 2007 are:
- Gomphogyne bonii Gagnep. : in North Vietnam
- Gomphogyne cirromitrata W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes : in Thailand and possibly Cambodia in open forests and bushes up to 1800 m above sea level.
- Gomphogyne cissiformis handle. : in India ( Garheval , Darjeeling , Sikkim ), Nepal, Bhutan, China (Yunnan) in moist forests at 1500 to 3000 m above sea level.
- Gomphogyne heterosperma (Wall.) In short : in Thailand and Eastern Burma, possibly Yunnan in thickets and grassy slopes up to 1600 m above sea level
- Gomphogyne nepalensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes : only known from one site in Nepal at 2300 m above sea level.
- Gomphogyne peekelii W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes : in Indonesia (Seram, Papua), Papua New Guinea. It grows in primary and secondary forests along rivers and in disturbed locations such as abandoned fields at up to 700 m above sea level.
literature
- WJJO de Wilde, BEE Duyfjes, RWJM van der Ham: Revision of the genus Gomphogyne (Cucurbitaceae) . Thai Forest Bulletin, Vol. 35, 2007, pp. 45-68. ISSN 0495-3843
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexander Kocyan, Li-Bing Zhang, Hanno Schaefer, Susanne S. Renner: A multi-locus chloroplast phylogeny for the Cucurbitaceae and its implications for character evolution and classification . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 44, August 2007, pp. 553-577. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.12.022 , full text (PDF; 381 kB)