Hallthurm

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Hallthurm
Remains of the pass fortifications on the Hallthurm (defense tower)

Remains of the pass fortifications on the Hallthurm (defense tower)

Compass direction North south
Pass height 693  m
state Bavaria
Valley locations Bad Reichenhall Berchtesgaden
expansion Bundesstrasse 20 Freilassing – Berchtesgaden railway line
map
Hallthurm (Bavaria)
Hallthurm
Coordinates 47 ° 42'5 "  N , 12 ° 56'1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 42'5 "  N , 12 ° 56'1"  E
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The Hallthurm is 693  m above sea level. NHN high Bavarian pass near Bischofswiesen in the Berchtesgadener Land district in the Berchtesgaden Alps . Today it is the most important and the lowest point of access on German territory to the district sub-region of Berchtesgadener Land . The only remaining railway line ( Freilassing-Berchtesgaden ) and one ( B20 ) of the three federal highways to the southern part of the district and the new Berchtesgaden-Bad Reichenhall brine pipeline run over the pass .

At the top of the pass are the old pass fortifications of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden against Bavaria . The Hagenfels castle stable is located on a hill west of Hallthurm .

topography

The transition separates the Lattengebirge and Untersberg mountain sticks from the Berchtesgaden Alps . It is 693  m above sea level. NHN the lowest access on German territory to the "basin landscape" of the Berchtesgaden basin or the geomorphological unit of the Berchtesgaden basin . At 471  m above sea level NHN even lower and more convenient access is via the Hangendenstein pass in Marktschellenberg , but the over Austrian leads territory.

Traffic routes

The most important road connection ( B 20 ) and the only remaining rail connection to Berchtesgadener Land and the new brine pipeline run over the pass . On the ramp from Bad Reichenhall via Bayerisch Gmain to Hallthurm station, the railway line climbs an incline of 40.8 ‰ and is therefore a steep section under railway law . Passenger traffic in Hallthurm station has been discontinued, the facility currently only serves as a depot for train crossings on the single-track branch line. According to the route network plan of the S-Bahn Salzburg , which runs on the route, a possible reactivation ( was already planned for 2010 ) is in prospect. Since December 13, 2009 the traffic has been operated by the Berchtesgadener Land Bahn .

history

Border fortification

Gatehouse next to the defense tower of Hallthurm, 1875

The reason for the construction of the border fortification in 1194 was similar to the Schellenberger Tower, which was built at the same time on the hanging stone , an attack by the Reichenhall citizens around 1193. After the monastery of Berchtesgaden had also started to mine salt, out of competition jealousy The brewing pans of the monastery on Gollnbach destroyed. For the first time, the border fortification was in a document from Emperor Heinrich VI. mentioned: "porta, qua silva versuse Halle clauditur" (the gate that is a barrier against Reichenhall in the forest).

At the narrowest point between the Untersberg and the Lattengebirge the defense tower stands as a tower against Hall (Reichenhall). Just a little to the west of it stood a gatehouse, the gate of which was 3.25 m high and 2.50 m wide; the “drop gate of the arch” through which the street led was removed in 1829, and the gatehouse itself was demolished in 1876. The masonry of the previously “significantly higher tower”, which only exists as a substructure, is 2 m thick and dates from the 12th century. Adjacent to the tower, a fortress wall was built to the east in the direction of Untersberg , of which remains have been preserved. To the north of it there was a hague or country fence , which consisted of thorn and willow, as well as three earth walls piled up one behind the other. The earth walls were leveled except for one. In the second half of the 14th century, the masonry was repaired and the construction of Hagenfels Castle as a further fortification began, presumably from 1378 west of Hallthurm , without being completed - as the Archbishop of Salzburg rebuilt the castle at the end of disputes with the Duchy of Bavaria the conquest by his prince-archbishopric in 1384.

During the Napoleonic Wars , after the abolition of the prince provosts of Berchtesgaden in 1803, the Berchtesgadener Land went to the short-lived Electorate of Salzburg in 1805, and in the same year Tyrolean troops occupied the Hallthurm. At that time, the border fortifications were probably secured militarily one last time, only to become superfluous in 1810 with the incorporation of the Berchtesgadener Land into the Kingdom of Bavaria .

traffic

Salzburggau around 1200, with the Spitz on the Hallthurm near Gmain and the triangle (green / white / yellow) on the Dreisesselberg

The volume of traffic over the Hallthurm remained low even after 1810, because shortly behind it the road towards Reichenhall ran over the "Spitz am Hallthurm" (see map of the Salzburggau ) on the Dreisesselberg and thus - with long disputed rulership - through Austria at the time , which levied high transit tariffs on the route. Therefore, among other things, the entire salt wagon traffic and the brine pipeline to Bad Reichenhall was handled via the route over Ramsau and the Schwarzbachwacht pass, which is exclusively on Bavarian territory . In 1851, the “Spitz am Hallthurm” was finally handed over to Bavaria as part of an exchange between Austria and Bavaria.

This exchange of territory was the basis for today's traffic significance of the pass. The gatehouse of the historic fortification was demolished in 1876 to have enough space for road and rail. In 1888, after a long planning period, the extension of the railway line from Freilassing to Bad Reichenhall via the Hallthurm to Berchtesgaden was opened. In 1960/61 the brine pipeline was also built over the Hallthurm and the old route over the Schwarzbachwacht was abandoned.

Say

There are also some legends about the defense tower at Hallthurm. At times, loud music and the clang of weapons can be heard from the depths of the Untersberg . Wild riders with flaming swords and glowing armor drive their mischief in the Salzburg area at night. At dawn the spook ends and the ghostly riders return to the mountain through the gates that can be found near Hallthurm in the ruins of the defensive tower.

literature

  • Hellmut Schöner (Ed.), A. Helm : The Berchtesgadener Land in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973; Pp. 128–129, 131 (Fig. 98)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Federal Agency for Nature Conservation : Landscape profile - 1600 Berchtesgaden Alps , last change: March 1, 2012, online at bfn.de
  2. ↑ For the " geomorphological unit of Berchtesgaden valley basin" see Planning Office Steinert, Landschafts + Ortsplanung (D-83236 Übersee): Markt Berchtesgaden - Land Use Plan with Landscape Planning , Chapter: 2.6 Landscape as a Protected Property ; Environmental reports from March 6, 2014 to March 6, 2016, PDF file p. 16 of 48 pages; In addition, multiple use of the terms “valley basin” and “valley basin communities” from p. 3, online at gemeinde.berchtesgaden.de
  3. ↑ Official map of the BayernAtlas showing the height of the border crossing, online at geoportal.bayern.de/bayernatlas/
  4. ↑ Special regulations on braking; Steep section Bad Reichenhall - Hallthurm. (PDF; 364.65 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Directive 465, DB Netz AG. November 15, 1997, archived from the original on December 26, 2015 ; Retrieved December 26, 2015 .
  5. ↑ S-Bahn network map Berchtesgaden - Salzburg. (PDF; 216 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Website of the Berchtesgadener Land Bahn . August 2009, archived from the original ; Retrieved April 18, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm : The Berchtesgadener Land in the course of time . 131 (fig. 98)
  7. ↑ a b c Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm: The Berchtesgadener Land in the course of time . P. 128
  8. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm: The Berchtesgadener Land in the course of time . Pp. 129, 131 (Fig. 98)
  9. ↑ a b c d e Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm: The Berchtesgadener Land in the course of time . P. 129
  10. ↑ p. 18, right. In: Festschrift 850 Years of Bischofswiesen ( Memento from July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 5.9 MB)
  11. ↑ Treaty between Bavaria and Austria of December 2, 1851 regulating some territorial and border relationships. (ratified May 14, 1852);
    reproduced for example in GM Kletke: (Ed.): The State Treaties of the Kingdom of Bavaria […]: from 1806 to 1858 inclusive . Verlag F. Pustet, 1860, Section II. (State treaties in relation to sovereign, territorial and border treaties) , No. 45, p. 410 (Art. 8, entire contract 408 ff; pdf , wikimedia; there p. 426 ff, reference p. 428);
    According to Khan 2004, p. 207, footnote 211; Expression "Spitz am Hallthurm" ibid.