House of Schaumburg-Lippe

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the house of Schaumburg-Lippe

The Schaumburg-Lippe house is one of the most aristocratic families in Europe. The name refers to the Schaumburg in the Weser Mountains (today: Rinteln ) and the Counts of the Lippe , who in 1647 formed the counts of the newly formed Grafschaft Schaumburg-Lippe ("Schaumburg Lippischen part") from a branch line . The territory was in today's state of Lower Saxony , at times with offices in today's state of North Rhine-Westphalia . In 1807 the counts rose to princes ( Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe ) as part of extensive power shifts initiated by Napoleon I (see Rhine Confederation ). In 1918 Prince Adolf II abdicated. The house currently (2007) has 24 members, only some of whom live in Schaumburg-Lippe .

history

Early modern age

The noble house of Schaumburg-Lippe was created in 1647 by dividing the legacy of the Grafschaft Schaumburg under the House of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel and the Counts of Lippe . Count Otto V zu Holstein-Schaumburg died in 1640 without an heir. The division was defined in several treaties in 1647 and confirmed in the Westphalian Peace Treaty in October 1648 . As a result of this division, from 1647 there was a county of Schaumburg (Hessian part) connected to Hessen-Kassel by personal union and the county of Schaumburg (Lippe part), in which the founding branch line of the Lippe count's house Lippe-Alverdissen ruled. The progenitor of the dynasty was Count Philip I of Lippe-Alverdissen . The territory he ruled was later mostly referred to as Schaumburg-Lippe.

19th century

Bückeburg Castle , ancestral seat of the house

After Count Georg Wilhelm (1784–1860) took over the government in 1807, he was in fact elevated to prince on April 18, 1807 by joining the Rhine Confederation . In 1815 the principality joined the German Confederation and after 1871 became a federal state of the German Empire . Georg Wilhelm, who initially supported domestic political reforms (introduction of a modern property tax in 1812, land estates with a representation of the farmers in 1815), had to determine in the Congress of Vienna that the country could not expect any territorial expansion and that mediatization was to be expected. For this reason, several large estates were bought up in Southeastern Europe in the following years in order to ensure permanent security for the family. As one of three sovereign royal houses, the Schaumburg-Lippe family received a hereditary seat in the manor house , the upper house of the Austrian Imperial Council, because of the Bohemian and Austrian possessions .

From 1895 to 1905, the prince tried to enforce his inheritance claims to the Principality of Lippe in a legally and historically significant succession dispute, but he did not succeed. Prince Adolf II renounced his throne on November 15, 1918 as one of the last German monarchs.

Weimar Period and National Socialism

After the First World War, the house lost the throne, but not its possessions as now private individuals.

At the time of National Socialism, some members of the Schaumburg-Lippe family joined the NSDAP , among them the most prominent example, Friedrich-Christian Prinz zu Schaumburg-Lippe , the personal adviser to Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels .

1946 until today

After the Second World War, the state of Schaumburg-Lippe also lost its independence and was incorporated into the newly founded state of Lower Saxony. A referendum of January 19, 1975 to restore the former country (according to Article 29 of the Basic Law ) was rejected by the federal legislature despite a positive outcome.

Rulers and heads of houses

Adolf II, the last reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe

Count

Princes

Bosses of the house

More family members

Other well-known representatives of the family were Juliane von Hessen-Philippsthal (1761–1799), regent of the principality from 1787 to 1799; Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1834–1906), owner of the Secondogenitur Fideikommiss rule Nachod -Chwalkowitz and kuk general of the cavalry; Charlotte zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1864–1946), last Queen of Württemberg; Max zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1898–1974), a German-Austrian racing driver; Friedrich Christian zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1906–1983), politician and propagandist of the NSDAP .

Residences of the princely family

The family owns or had a number of castles and palaces. These include today in the Schaumburg district the Bückeburg Castle , the Schaumburg in Rinteln , the fortress Wilhelm Stein in Steinhude , the hunting lodge tree as well as in Austria, the Forstgut Steyrling . Formerly also Schloss Stadthagen , the Hagen castle , the Palais Bückeburg and the castle Blomberg . The Austrian Klaus Castle was owned from 1889 to 1940. In the 19th century, the Princely House invested in real estate in Mecklenburg and acquired a total of 6668 hectares, including the Vietgest manor and manor in 1841 and Krümmel manor in 1896 .

In 1842 Prince Georg Wilhelm acquired the Bohemian rule Nachod with Náchod Castle, Chwalkowitz Castle and Ratibořice Castle . He converted the property to a secondary school for his third son Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe . The last owner was Friedrich zu Schaumburg-Lippe , whose descendants were expropriated without compensation after the end of the Second World War in 1945.

Further agnatic possessions were the Palais Schaumburg in Bonn and in the 20th century temporarily the Upper Austrian Walchen Castle .

Present-day possessions

Previous possessions

See also

Web links

Commons : Haus Schaumburg-Lippe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, Princely Houses Volume XVIII, Limburg ad Lahn 2007, p. 100 ff.
  2. ↑ Stephan Malinowski: From the king to the leader. Social decline and political radicalization in the German nobility between the German Empire and the Nazi state . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2003, p. 569 f .
  3. ↑ Thomas Riechmann: From Herrenreiter to Adjutant von Goebbels . In: Frank Werner (Hrsg.): Schaumburg National Socialists . Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2010, p. 445 ff .
  4. ^ Hans-Jürgen Papier: Greetings on the occasion of the ceremony for the 50th anniversary of the Lower Saxony State Court . July 15, 2005 ( niedersachsen.de [PDF]). Greetings on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Lower Saxony State Court ( Memento from July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ a b c The real name of all members of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe has been Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe since 1919 . The respective boss of the house traditionally calls himself Prince zu Schaumburg-Lippe in public to this day . This designation with the so-called first -born title is common in non-official contexts both in literature and in society. The practice, which goes back to the no longer existing and inheritable primogeniture nobility , is officially irrelevant according to a judgment of the Federal Administrative Court of March 11, 1966.