Heinrich von Morungen

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Mr. Heinrich von Morungen
Memorial stone at the enclosure of the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig (2016)

Heinrich von Morungen († after August 17, 1218 in Leipzig ) was an important minstrel . He worked in the area of ​​east central Germany and is assigned to the classic minnesang .

Life

Hardly anything can be deduced from his songs about his living conditions. However, they can be used to infer the life of the poet (12th / 13th centuries) and East Central Germany as his living and working area. More specifically, according to the current state of research, the Morungen district , which is located in the city of Sangerhausen in Saxony-Anhalt, is assigned to him. The thesis that the singer comes from Morungen in Thuringia is underpinned by the coat of arms handed down in the Codex Manesse (manuscript C): "The shield has three silver crescent moons lying in blue, topped with golden stars at the tips."

While the first name of the minstrel in the small Heidelberg song manuscript (A) with Der. from. Morunge and is reproduced in abbreviated form in the Weingartner Liederhandschrift (B) by H. H von Morungen , it appears completely in the Codex Manesse by Her Heinrich von Morunge .

There are documented two bearers of Morungen's name, which are most likely identical with this one. A Henricus de Morungen miles emeritus could be identified by Fedor Bech on the basis of a certificate in 1874 . As miles emeritus , he received a pension from his patron, the Margrave of Meissen , Dietrich the oppressed , which he had transferred to the Thomaskloster in Leipzig in 1213 for “high personal merit” ( alta suae vitae merita ) . In 1217 he then entered into the same. This Henricus probably came from Altmorungen Castle near Sangerhausen , from which he apparently derived his name. It is not certain whether he belonged to the Reich Ministry , Dietrich von Meißen performed services or was employed at the nearby Thuringian Landgrafenhof. In a waiver by Henricus des Hallo , issued in Leipzig, a Henricus de Morungen is cited as a witness on August 17, 1218. It was a transfer of goods from Dietrich von Meißen to the Altzella monastery , which was founded by his father Otto von Meißen .

There are no contemporary mentions Morungen, but end of the 13th century in Renner of Hugo von Trimbergs one of Morungen testified. Around the same time, Seifrid Helbling mentions a Môrunga as the poet of a day song . In the 15th century, the poet seems in Losbuch Konrad Bollstatters and this is in the in the 16th century Zimmerischen Chronicle called. In addition, the singer is not quoted by anyone but himself. Nonetheless, it can be assumed that he exerted a significant influence on poets like Walther von der Vogelweide and Neidhart von Reuental.

The specified year of death (1222) Morungen goes back to Hermann Menhardt and is considered extremely controversial in the research literature. The death of the singer is therefore put on August 17, 1218. The singer's alleged trip to India is just as controversial. The late Middle Ages knew a ballad by Noble Moringer , which transfers the subject of the return of the husband, who was believed to be lost, to Heinrich von Morungen. However, there are no indications of such a trip to India in Heinrich's documents or songs.

Heinrich von Morungen in the Weingartner song manuscript from the first half of the 14th century.

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Lore

Heinrich's 35 minne songs with 115 stanzas have survived, 104 of which are in the large collection of the Codex Manesse (manuscript C). 28 stanzas are contained in the Weingartner Liederhandschrift (B) (3 of them under the name Dietmar von Aist ) and 26 in the Kleiner Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (A). The latter also contains only a single stanza, which is not recorded in B or C. Further stanzas are also documented in C a , the so-called "Troßschen Fragment" (a copy from Codex Manesse (C) ).

In addition to an advertising song (XX), a love insurance (VIII), two prize songs (I, XXIV), a joy song (IV), two bills of exchange (X, XXVIII) and a day song (XXX), there are predominantly minne complaints. The song XXIII cannot be clearly assigned with regard to its typology.

Translations of Heinrich von Morungen's oeuvre into New High German have been made by Carl von Kraus (1950), Helmut Tervooren (1976) and, more recently, by Ingrid Kasten (1995) and Hugo Kuhn .

The melodies for the songs have not been handed down, however, song texts could have been written using the counterfactor on an existing melody.

Lyrical oeuvre

Heinrich von Morungen is counted among the classic Minnesang , which is characterized above all by the conception of the Hohen Minne .

It does not achieve its effect through complex formulations of sensations, but through the visual language transport of elementary thoughts. In particular, he often uses the image field of shine (sun, moon, evening star, gold, precious stone, mirror) for a comparative description of the praised lady. In contrast to all the other singers, Morungen shows himself to be so subdued by love that active efforts for the lady are postponed.

An essential theme in the work of Heinrich von Morungen is the demonia of love ; love is experienced partly as a magical, disease-causing, even fatal power, but also as a religious and mystical experience.

In form and content, the poems are influenced by the Provençal trobadord poetry ( dactylic rhythms, frequent rhyming). Content-related motifs are also taken from there, such as B. the motif of the termination of the minnesong , which otherwise occurs rather rarely in German minnesang (song XXVII, L141,37: Sî hât mich mir ). In addition, echoes of the ecclesiastical Latin hymn poetry and the Danubian minnesong emerge from the change . Particularly noteworthy are the roots that can be found in classical and ancient literature ( Ovid ) (e.g. a reference to the mythological figure of Narcissus , known from Ovid's Metamorphoses , among others , in song XXXII, L145,1: It happened to me as a kindelîne ). This so-called narcissus song is considered extremely controversial in current research circles and allows a multitude of possible interpretations. Walter Haug is of the opinion that the highly stylized, perfect woman in the Hohe Minne is no longer venerated. In their place is a real, mortal woman, whose physical appearance is damaged by the injured mouth . Haug brings a vanitas idea into play, whereby the lyrical singer self is aware of the transience of love. Compared to other important Narcissus adaptations (including the lark song by Bernards von Ventadorn and a stanza by Burkart von Hohenfels ), Morungen's version is considered to be the one that most faithfully borrows from Ovid.

A new creation by Heinrich is the Tagelied - Wechsel (Lied XXX, L143,22: Owê, - sol but mir iemer mê ).

Text example

Happened to me as a kindelîne,

daz sîn schoenez form things in a glass

unde grasp the same beautiful

sô vil, biz daz ez even broke the mirror.

Dô wart al sîn wunne a major unchecked.

so I thought iemer vrô ze sîne,

dô i say dear vruuwen mîne,

of which I love suffering vil schach.

Love, diu der werelde ir vröude mêret,

see, you brâhte in troumes wîs die vrouwen mîn,

dâ mîn lîp an slâfe n was gekêret

and ersach at de r sîn best wunne.

Dô sach I have borrowed virtues, I shall be beautiful,

nice unde ouch for all wîp goêret,

niuwen daz a lützel something versêret

ir vil vröuden rîchez <rôtez> mündelîn.

Grô'z afraid I have won

at the same time, the mündelîn sô red.

I have no complaint,

sit down with your heart ze sülher swaere bôt,

Since I need to wash through mîn ouge schouwe,

sam ein kint, daz wîsheit unrepentant

Sînen schaten ersach in a well

un den múoz únz an sînen tôt.

Higher wîp of virtues and senses

the enkan of the himel niender ummevân,

sô the guoten, which I was unable to win e

vremden muoz and always an ir bestân.

Unfortunately, Owê, jô I put an end to it

ir vil wunnenclîchen become minne.

nû am i vil kûme begin at the

That’s mîn wunne and also mîn gerender wân.

Happened to me like a little child

who saw his beautiful picture in a mirror

and reached for his image,

until it broke the mirror completely.

Then all his joy became painful suffering.

I always hoped to be happy

when I saw the mistress of my love

from which I have experienced a lot of suffering in addition to joy.

The love that makes the world richer in joy

see, my lover brought it to me in a dream when I was asleep

so that I could see enough of my greatest happiness.

Then I saw her radiant perfection, her glorious shine, beautiful and noble than all other women,

just a little hurt

her adorable, red little mouth.

I was so afraid

that her little red mouth might pale.

That's why I've started new complaints

because my heart fell into such sadness

when I see this misfortune with my own eyes

had to,

like that child who - still quite inexperienced -

saw his image in a spring and must love it until his death.

A woman richer in perfection and

Ghost,

there can never be under heaven

than the good one I am sorry for

must stay away and to which I remain loyal.

Alas, I hoped to reach my goal

to come to her blissfully precious love.

Now I'm hardly at the beginning.

My joy is ruined and mine too

wistful, hopeless hope.

literature

Text output

  • Des Minnesangs Frühling , Volume 1: Texts, edited by Hugo Moser and Helmut Tervooren, 38th again rev. Edition, Stuttgart 1988 ISBN 3-7776-0448-8
  • Heinrich von Morungen. Songs , text, translation, commentary by Helmut Tervooren, (= Reclams Universal Library; No. 9797), 3rd bibliographically updated edition, Stuttgart 2003 ISBN 3-15-009797-5
  • Hugo Moser: Heinrich von Morungen. Songs. Middle High German and New High German. 3rd edition Stuttgart: Reclam 2003.
  • Ingrid Kasten: German poetry of the early and high Middle Ages. Edition of the texts and comments by Ingrid Kasten. Translations by Margherita Kuhn. Frankfurt am Main: German Classics 1995. In: Walter Haug (Ed.): Bibliothek des Mittelalters Vol. 3 (= Library of German Classics 129), pp. 286–289.

Research literature

  • Heinrich von Morungen , in: Sieglinde Hartmann: German love poetry from Minnesang to Oswald von Wolkenstein or the invention of love in the Middle Ages , Wiesbaden 2012, pp. 133–150.
  • Peter Kesting:  Heinrich von Morungen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 416 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Thomas Neukirchen: On the edition of the song "Mîn liebeste und ouch mîn êrste" Heinrichs von Morungen (MF 123,10) . In: Euphorion 3 (2002), pp. 303-320.
  • Helmut Tervooren : Heinrich von Morungen , in: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author's Lexicon , ed. v. Kurt Ruh et al., 2nd edition, Volume 3, Berlin, New York 1981, Sp. 804-815 ISBN 3-11-008778-2
  • Uwe Meves (Ed.): Regesten German minnesingers of the 12th and 13th centuries. Berlin / New York: de Gruyter 2005, 651–658.
  • Horst Brunner: History of German literature in the Middle Ages and the early modern period at a glance. 3rd edition Stuttgart: Reclam 2013 (= Reclams Universal-Bibliothek 17680), pp. 169–171.
  • Achim Diehr: Literature and Music in the Middle Ages. An introduction. Berlin: Schmidt 2004, pp. 119–125.
  • Walter Haug: The Truth of Fiction. Studies on secular and spiritual literature of the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Tübingen: Niemeyer 2003, pp. 477–478.
  • Elisabeth Schmid: I am each other and not one . The ego and the other in Morungen's Narcissus song . In: Heinrich von Morungen's Narcissus Song . On medieval love poetry and its philological development. Edited by Manfred Kern / Cyril Edwards / Christoph Huber. 1st edition Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter 2015 (= interdisciplinary articles on the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times 4), pp. 55–72.
  • Valentin Schweiger: Text-critical and chronological studies on the songs of Heinrich von Morungen , dissertation University of Freiburg i.Br. 1970.

Movie

  • Street of the Troubadours , film about Heinrich von Morungen's possible trip to India by Peter Pannke, Elfi Mikesch, Elke Peters, 58 min., ZDF / Mira Filmproduktion 2002

Discography

  • ôwe, sol but me iemer mê in: Mitterndorfer, Franz and Martina: Minne and Patrons. New Materials on Medieval Literature. Title 23. Wall churches: Frogsound 1990.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich von Morungen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Heinrich von Morungen  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Codex Manesse , 14th century
  2. ↑ Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 651-652 .
  3. ↑ Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 652 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Horst Brunner: History of German literature in the Middle Ages and the early modern period at a glance . In: Reclam's Universal Library . 3. Edition. No. 17680 . Reclam, Stuttgart 2013, p. 169 .
  5. ↑ a b c Uwe Meves: Regesten German minnesingers of the 12th and 13th centuries . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 651 .
  6. ↑ Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen . In: Kurt Ruh [u. a.] (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 804 .
  7. ↑ Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries . Ed .: Uwe Meves. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 652-654 .
  8. ↑ Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen . In: Kurt Ruh [u. a.] (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 804-805 .
  9. ↑ a b Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen . In: Kurt Ruh [u. a.] (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 805 .
  10. ↑ Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries . Ed .: Uwe Meves. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 651, 655 .
  11. ↑ Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries . Ed .: Uwe Meves. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 654-656 .
  12. ^ Heinrich von Morungen in the Weingartner song manuscript
  13. ^ Dieter Fortmann: Studies on the design of the songs of Heinrich von Morungen . Tubingen 1996.
  14. ↑ Valentin Schweiger: Text-critical and chronological studies on the songs of Heinrich von Morungen . Freiburg 1970.
  15. ↑ Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen. Songs. Text, translation, comment . Stuttgart 1975.
  16. ^ Ingrid Kasten: German poetry of the early and high Middle Ages. In: Walter Haug (Ed.): Library of the Middle Ages . tape 3 . German classics, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 287 .
  17. ↑ Achim Diehr: Literature and Music in the Middle Ages. An introduction . Schmidt, Berlin 2004, p. 119 .
  18. ↑ Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen . In: Kurt Ruh [u. a.] (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 807-808 .
  19. ↑ a b Horst Brunner: History of German literature in the Middle Ages and the early modern period at a glance . In: Reclam's Universal Library . 3. Edition. No. 17680 . Reclam, Stuttgart 2013, p. 169-170 .
  20. ↑ Helmut Tervooren: Heinrich von Morungen . In: Kurt Ruh [u. a.] (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 808 .
  21. ↑ Elisabeth Schmid: Lust and mirror love. The medieval Narcissus . In: DVjs 59 (1985), pp. 551-571.
  22. ↑ Walter Haug: The truth of fiction. Studies on secular and spiritual literature of the Middle Ages and the early modern period . Niemeyer, Tübingen 2003, p. 477-478 .
  23. ↑ Elisabeth Schmid: I am different and not one. The ego and the other in Morungen's Narcissus song . In: Manfred Kern / Cyril Edwards / Christoph Huber (eds.): The narcissus song of Heinrich von Morungen. On medieval love poetry and its philological development . 1st edition. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2015, p. 60 .
  24. ↑ s. 1
  25. ^ Hugo Moser: Heinrich von Morungen. Songs. Middle High German and New High German . 3. Edition. Reclam, Stuttgart 2003.
  26. ^ Ingrid Kasten: German poetry of the early and high Middle Ages . In: Walter Haug (Ed.): Library of the Middle Ages . tape 3 . German classics, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 286-289 .
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich von Morungen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Middle High German minstrel
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1220
Place of death Leipzig