Herrensee (Litschau)
| Herrensee | |
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| Geographical location | Litschau , Waldviertel , Lower Austria |
| Tributaries | Reissbach |
| Drain | Reissbach |
| Data | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 57 '8 " N , 15 ° 2' 38" E |
| Altitude above sea level | 530 m above sea level A. |
| surface | 24 ha |
| length | 1.6 km |
The Herrensee , originally called Herrenteich , is a body of water at 530 m above sea level. A. in the municipality of Litschau in the northern Waldviertel in the Austrian state of Lower Austria . The water was created by damming the Reissbach for the pond management common in the northern Waldviertel . It is 1,600 meters long and covers an area of approximately 24 hectares . He's also with anglersvery popular because of its wealth of "game fish". The annual population is between 5000 and 6000 kg. Mainly carp , whitefish (especially bream and aitel ), pike , pikeperch , tench and catfish . The last harvest took place (due to the renewal of the riflemen ) in 1975.
The Herrensee is surrounded by a 4.5 km long marked circular path, only for pedestrians, hikers and unfortunately no longer for cyclists since 2018 , which is also easy to walk and drive in winter. This circular route is also suitable for prams and partially wheelchairs. Display boards provide information about the flora and fauna of the Waldviertel. A lido and boat rental ( electric , pedal and rowing boats ) complete the leisure offer.
history
The complex of the Herrensee (then called Herrenteich or Mühlteich) dates back to the 16th century, namely to the time of the landlords Kraiger von Kraigk zu Landstein and Neubistritz (from 1541 to 1572). The beginning was a building project right at the foot of the Litschauer Burgberg, namely the construction of a pond along the depression of the Kastenitzerbach (Koštěnický průtok) running from the north towards the city . On the one hand, the pond should provide sufficient water power to operate a large, multi-course courtyard mill - apparently in the area of the mill near the castle mentioned in the land register of 1369 - and on the other hand, it should also be used for fish farming (primarily carp). This was by far not the first project of the landlords in this regard, as the Kraiger, who at that time also held several South Bohemian dominions in addition to Litschau , had a much more complex and larger pond system built in Chlumetz / Chlum u Třeboně in the 1540s. The layout of the Litschauer pond has been handed down through Bohemian pond graves; It is not certain, but it is conceivable whether the planning could be traced back to the pond architect Mikulaš Rutard von Malešov, who worked for the Kraiger. In addition to the Litschauer pond, which in the following centuries - indicating the purpose of its construction - was called Mühlteich in the sources and only later Herrenteich, the Kraigers also had four other ponds built in the area of the Litschau domain.
At the outflow of the Herrenteich, the landlords Kraiger built a large court mill, which was described in a manorial land register from the 16th century as a mul with five gears and ain sag , where mel, semolina and the like were produced for the lord's own use. At that time, however, the rulers could not draw much profit from the mill, as there was a diverse subject-mill landscape in the villages ( otherwise the benefit from it is not great because the places are vil mulen ). Nevertheless, the large court mill - mentioned in 1576 and 1627 in the context of sovereignty assessments - with its five and six gears (explicitly mentioned in 1751) referred to the use of various aggregates planned from the beginning and was only a small part of a grain mill. Since the multi-stage drive was still unknown in the early modern era with regard to mill technology, each gear had to be driven by its own water wheel. The various aggregates used were in turn related to other industrial branches of production of the rulership, such as the boardsaw (s) expressly mentioned in 1627 and 1751, which referred to the lord's wood production and wood sales. When the Kraiger built a brewery in Burg-Meierhof, just a stone's throw away, in the early 1570s, a corridor was specially dedicated to the drive of a grist mill, in which the malt was broken for the brewery. The use of the other aisles is only known from a later time; This is what Schweickhardt called in 1839 - in addition to saws and malt grist - also a tan and an oil pounder.
literature
- Stefan René Buzanich: The lifeworld of the village subjects of the Kuefstein rule Litschau as reflected in the legacy treatises of the 1st half of the 18th century (dissertation at the University of Vienna, 2020, 4 volumes).
- Lower Austrian regional newspaper: Der Herrenteich. In: Das Waldviertel (New Series 31, 1982) p. 52.
Individual evidence
- ^ Austrian map 1: 50,000, No. 5 Litschau , Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying, Vienna 1977 and older issues
- ↑ Stefan René Buzanich: The lifeworld of the village subjects of the Kuefstein rule Litschau as reflected in the legacy treatises of the 1st half of the 18th century (dissertation at the University of Vienna, 2020, 4 volumes) . S. 112 .
- ↑ Stefan René Buzanich: The lifeworld of the village subjects of the Kuefstein rule Litschau as reflected in the legacy treatises of the 1st half of the 18th century (dissertation at the University of Vienna, 2020, 4 volumes) . S. 112 f .
