Historical Museum of Manacor
 Torre dels Enagistes museum building |
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Manacor |
| Art |
historical Museum
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| opening | 1993 |
| management |
Magdalena Salas
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| Website | |
The Historical Museum of Manacor ( Catalan Museu d'Història de Manacor , Castilian Museo de Historia de Manacor ) is a museum on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca . It is located in the east of the island, in the Torre dels Enagistes , a building 600 meters southeast of the outskirts of Manacor on the road to Cales de Mallorca . The site was acquired by the municipality in 1985 in order to relocate the former Archaeological Museum from downtown Manacor.
The Torre dels Enagistes ("Tower of the Jesuits") is a Gothic secular building from the 14th century, the name of which is derived from the years after 1651, when the building became the property of the Catholic religious order of the Society of Jesus . Enagistes is a Mallorcan name for the members of the Jesuits, which refers to their founder, Ignatius of Loyola , who was canonized in 1622 . With the prohibition of the order in Spain by a decree of King Charles III. In 1767 and the seizure of the Jesuit properties, the building became royal property and was then privatized. In 1925, the Spanish Ministry of Culture declared the two-story Torre dels Enagistes a national art historical monument (Monumento historicoartístico nacional, Bien de Interés Cultural ) . The Manacors Historical Museum has been located in the building since 1993.
Museum history
The Historical Museum of Manacor emerged from the former Archaeological Museum of the city, which in turn was based on an exhibition in the pastorate of Manacor under the name Museo Monseñor Aguilles . In 1908, Mn. Joan Aguiló i Pinya discovered the remains of a late antique basilica five kilometers northwest of the outskirts of Manacor on the Son Peretó estate and from 1912 began to uncover the " Basilica of Son Peretó ". The finds were put together in a collection that the city of Manacor acquired in 1926 to set up an archaeological museum in the city center, in the Torre de ses Puntes on Plaça Historiador G. Fuster . To protect the site, the archaeological site of Son Peretó on the road to Sant Llorenç was declared a historical-archaeological monument in 1931.
In order to establish a monastery school in Torre de ses Puntes in 1931, the archaeological museum was moved from there and housed on the first floor of the cloister of the Claustre del Convent de St. Vicenç Ferrer , the monastery in downtown Manacor. The move resulted in losses of undocumented exhibits, such as parts of the coin collection, and damage to exhibits. After the end of the civil war , parts of the exhibition, including the mosaics , were stored in an outbuilding of the monastery. The relocation of the museum to the renovated girls' school near the monastery in 1951 made it possible to see the exhibits again. Recent historical finds in the municipality and further finds in Son Peretó through the resumption of the excavations there under the archaeologist Pedro de Palol in 1967 led to the idea of converting the archaeological museum into a historical museum. This was established in the Torre dels Enagistes from 1993 after the property was purchased in the mid-1980s .
Showrooms
Prehistoric hall
The prehistoric hall or room is to the left of the main entrance to the museum. It exhibits finds from the prehistory of the municipality of Manacor in the east of Mallorca. With the exception of a stone millstone and two mortars, the exhibits can be seen in glass showcases. They are arranged according to their respective period of origin. A distinction is made between two epochs, the Vortalaiotic (around 1700 to 1100 BC) and the Talaiotic (around 1100 to 123 BC).
First of all, on the right of the entrance, you can see the skull and bones of an animal, which come from a species extinct on Mallorca, the cave goat (Myotragus balearicus) . The most recent finds of this relatively small, strong goat species date from around 1800 BC. BC, the endemic animal species on the Balearic islands of Mallorca and Menorca is believed to have been exterminated by ancient humans.
Three of the showcases in the room contain finds from the archaeological excavation site at S'Hospitalet Vell , two of which are from the pre-Talaiotic or naviform era. This refers to a period in which large stone buildings were built on Mallorca and Menorca, which are reminiscent of overturned ships and are called naviformes . The following epoch is named after the Talaiots (Castilian: Talayots, "watchtowers"), also built using the Cyclops technique , Talaiotikum or Talaiot culture. The exhibits in the other showcases in the prehistoric room date from this period, and apart from those from S'Hospitalet Vell, they are of unknown origin.
Roman hall
The finds from Roman times are exhibited in the second room of the tour between the prehistoric and late antique hall. It is located on the south corner of the Torre dels Enagistes . The Roman Empire had a cultural influence on Mallorca two centuries before the Roman conquest of the island in 123, for example Greco-Roman amphorae from the 3rd century BC were found. After the takeover, the Talaiotic culture partly continued to exist alongside the Roman, but was increasingly assimilated.
The Roman hall contains five glass showcases with finds that come from the municipality of Manacor, were found in the sea off Porto Cristo or are of unknown origin. The middle showcase contains the only exhibit a stone head of the Roman god of wine and vegetation Bacchus , found in Son Mas Vell . In the other showcases, in addition to ceramics, the fragment of a glass container, bronze nails, a stone face, oil lamps and coins are on display. Three amphorae have been set up openly in the room and two finds of anchor parts have been laid out in a corner.
Late antique hall
The late antique hall, which is also known as the early Christian room, contains mainly the excavation finds from the remains of the basilica of Son Peretó . This early Christian church had a floor area of 21 x 14 meters with attached baptistery ( baptistery ). There were also other rooms attached to the church and a cemetery ( necropolis ). The basilica was based on the style of Syrian-Palestinian and North African church buildings of the second half of the 5th century. The churches there were adopted as models on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 5th and beginning of the 6th century .
The most important exhibits in the late antique hall are the mosaics from Son Peretó . Underneath is the tomb of the Baleria laid out in the middle of the room . It bears the inscription: BALERIA FIDELIS IN PACE VIXIT ANNIS TRS DE HAC VITA SD II KAL OCTO . The almost complete skull of a woman and fragments of the femur and tibia of a child were found under the mosaic.
Other mosaics from Son Peretó adorn the edges of the room. They are all dated to the middle of the 6th century, the time when the Balearic Islands were reintegrated into the Eastern Roman Empire , which was also called the Byzantine Empire after its capital. This was made possible by the defeat of the Empire of the Vandals in North Africa and on the islands of the western Mediterranean by Byzantine troops in the years 533/34. In addition to the mosaics, part of the Altar de Son Peretó , a grave slab with a Byzantine cross and several ceramics and other small finds in glass showcases can be seen in the museum .
- Ceramics from prehistoric times to Byzantine times
Prehistoric vessel
(1700 to 1100 BC)
Talaiotic exhibits
(1100 to 123 BC)
Roman plate
(123 BC to 5th century AD)
Late antique pot
(5th to 10th century AD)
- Various finds from the individual epochs
Prehistoric mold
(1700 to 1100 BC)
Talaiotic jewelry
(1100 to 123 BC)
Oil lamps and coins
(123 BC to 5th century AD)
Byzantine grave slab
(5th to 10th century AD)
Islamic hall
On the west side of the Torre dels Enagistes , the late antique hall is connected to the Islamic hall of the museum. Here exhibits from the so-called Moorish period of Mallorca from 902 to 1229 are housed. During this period, Manacor was Manqūr, the largest of the 12 districts of Mayūrqa , as the Islamic immigrants, some Arabs , some Berbers , called Mallorca. They came from al-Andalus , from the emirate that ruled most of the Iberian Peninsula, or from the Caliphate of Cordoba (Qurtuba), which later emerged from this . After the caliphate collapsed into the Taifa kingdoms , the Amirids initially ruled Mallorca. They were followed by the Almoravids and Almohads before Jaume I succeeded in the Christian reconquest for the crown of Aragon .
The Islamic hall of the museum has five individual showcases and a closed wall porch with individual panes of glass to view the exhibits. In addition to the panes, the exhibits are described and the sections of Mallorca's Islamic history are explained using maps of the island. The only free-standing exhibit on a pedestal is the tombstone of Sulaymān ibn Mansūr right at the entrance to the hall. It dates from the middle of the 10th century and was discovered within a wall during construction work on the main gate of the second church of the parish church of Manacor. The translation of the gravestone inscription reads: “The name of God, gracious, merciful. Oh guys! Surely the promises of God are certain. This is the tomb of Sulaymān ibn (son of) Mansūr. The mercy of God be upon him, and his forgiveness and pleasure. He died on Sunday the 26th dū al.qa 'da in the year 357. "
In Islamic times, Manacor was a marketplace at a crossroads. In addition, there were 173 estates (qurā) and farms (arhal) in the north of Manqūr (today's municipalities of Manacor and Sant Llorenç ) . Mosques are known from two places , one of which was in Cala Murada . Finds of pots, needles and various metallic devices come from all over the area. Many objects were also discovered in caves into which the Muslim inhabitants took refuge in 1229 during the conquest of the island by Jaume I. The natural cave Cova dels Amagatalls near Porto Cristo became an abundant site of the household effects of an entire family group from the Islamic period, with ceramic parts, agricultural tools as well as needles, hinges and keys, connected with wood scraps that were used for the historical museum of Manacor.
Miniatures hall
The miniatures room is to the right of the main entrance of the museum on the east side of the Torre dels Enagistes . Miniature furniture, ships and other models are exhibited in it. They are made by Antonio Sancho Comas, an artisan from Manacor. The collection was started by Manuel Morales, who acquired a number of functional pieces of furniture in miniature and expanded them into a furniture museum. This was set up in 1969 in a building owned by Perlas de Manacor SA , founded in 1951 as part of Majorica , next to the Torre de Palau ("Palace Tower").
The collection of miniature furniture owned by the Perlas de Manacor company was given to the City of Manacor on April 27, 1994 for public exhibition purposes. The exhibits include models of furniture from various cultural epochs in Mallorca. Expanded with models of ancient and modern ships, carts from different eras and models of important buildings, all copies of private collections, the exhibition now forms part of the History Museum.
First floor
The upper floor of the Torre dels Enagistes is only open to the public on the occasion of changing exhibitions. In addition to this function, graffiti from the period from the 15th to the 18th century can be found on the walls of the rooms there . As folk art, they have a high archaeological, documentary and iconographic value. The different paintings on the walls provide information about the connection between life in the building and the development of the general history of Mallorca. So one can deduce from the graffiti about the appearance of the people and their way of life in the respective time.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gaspar Valero i Martí , Carme Blanes Mayans: El gótico civil de Llevant de Mallorca y Bellpuig. Torre dels Enagistes, Manacor. Archived from the original on June 14, 2013 ; Retrieved September 30, 2010 (Spanish).
- ^ Nana Claudia Nenzel: ADAC travel guide Mallorca . ADAC-Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-89905-270-6 , p. 71 .
- ↑ a b c Museu d'Història de Manacor. Retrieved October 6, 2010 (Catalan, Spanish, English, German).
- ↑ a b c Information sheet from the Museu d'Història de Manacor in the late antique hall.
- ^ Information sheet from the Museu d'Història de Manacor in the Roman hall.
- ^ Information sheet from the Museu d'Història de Manacor in the Islamic Hall.
- ^ Information sheet from the Museu d'Història de Manacor on the upper floor.
Web links
- Museu d'Història de Manacor (Catalan, Spanish, English, German)
- Manacor History Museum
Coordinates: 39 ° 33 ′ 29 ″ N , 3 ° 13 ′ 4 ″ E