Hornussen (sports)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
«Hitting»: The racket gains momentum in order to hit the Nouss on the goat as far as possible.
«Dismiss»: Catching the approaching Nouss with the shingle. The aim is that no nouss falls to the ground within the playing field without touching a shingle.
Clapboard and hard hat

Hornussen is a Swiss team sport that is practiced in some cantons of the Swiss plateau , mainly in the canton of Bern . For the batting team, the game consists of hitting a plastic disc (the "Hornuss" or "Nouss" for short) as far as possible. The opposing team tries to stop the approaching Nouss as early as possible, but at the latest before it hits the ground of the field, with a flat interception shovel (the "shingle").

Hornuss is actually a Swiss name for the hornet . The name Hornuss for the struck disc is based on the humming sound that it produces like an insect in flight.

Hornussen is counted as one of the Swiss national sports together with swinging and stone pushing . It is closely related to other batting and catching games such as cricket , baseball , Knurr and Spell or Mazza, as well as slamming the discs in the Swabian-Alemannic carnival .

distribution

The Eidgenössische Hornusserverband (EHV) and its regional sub-associations organize the championship of the national leagues A and B as well as the remaining five leagues, the Federal Hornusser Festival , which takes place every three years , the Hornussen at the Federal Wrestling and Alpine Festival as well as the annual sub-association and intercantonal festivals.

The number of Hornusser companies per canton is as follows (as of August 2017):

The main concentration of the Hornusser societies on the canton of Bern and the northeastern neighboring cantons is also reflected in a corresponding distribution of the Hornusserplatz.

Outside of Switzerland there is only regular play through a German company in Großrinderfeld (friendly matches and German group championship). There are also some Hornussians living in South Africa who regularly take part in the intercantonal festivals and the Federal Hornuss Festival . In South Africa it is called Hornussen Swiss Golf .

Hornussen is traditionally a male sport, but women are also active today. A national association survey in 2016 revealed a proportion of women of 9% among the active members of the Hornusserverein (compared to 36% of women in all Swiss sports clubs); 96% of the EHV clubs had a male share of over 80%. An all-women competition is held annually. In 2019 this was the 11th Frauenhornussen in Gondiswil .

The game

The Hornussen combines elements of the individual competition (as far as possible teeing off the Nouss as an individual performance) with elements of team sport (intercepting the beaten Nouss as a team performance).

Discount

The Nouss on the box, shortly before the tee shot through the wooden block (the Träf) at the end of the stick

When «striking» the nouss is placed on the end of a metal ramp («buck»). A flexible “stick” made of aluminum, fiberglass, plastic or carbon fibers, up to 3 meters long, serves as the teeing device, at the end of which a block (the “Träf”) made of hardwood is attached. The racket picks up momentum with the stick and tries to hit the nouss as far as possible, either into the opposing playing field or even beyond it. The trestle consists of two curved barrels made of chrome steel (one barrel each suitable for right-handed and left-handed people), which serve as a guide rail for the Träf.

Flight of the Nouss

The following values ​​were measured in tests carried out by ETH Zurich :

  • Speed ​​when teeing off: up to 306 km / h
  • Speed ​​at the end of the trajectory: up to 160 km / h
  • Flight altitude of the Nouss: up to 70 meters
  • Flight distance of the Nouss: up to 330 meters

Deviating from this, the speed of the Nouss at the end of the trajectory is given in a report in the Berner Zeitung as around 100–150 km / h, and the Federal Hornusser Association at around 180 km / h. The flight distance of the Nouss is strongly dependent on the wind conditions. With favorable conditions, top rackets can reach distances of up to approx. 390 meters.

regulate

A game has no fixed duration (as is common in football, for example). Normally (competition / championship / small event) two rounds are played, with each team striking once and dismissing it once. Each individual player hits two pranks with three attempts per deal. Playing two rounds takes about three to four hours.

The team with fewer numbers wins. H. the one in which fewer Hornuses went to the ground in the field without stopping. In the event of a tie, the total number of points decides (one point is counted for every 10 meters of striking distance, measured from the beginning of the playing field); if the points are identical, the highest ream from all rounds decides (ream: total 1st strike, total 2nd strike, etc.). If there is still a tie, the highest single player result will decide. A tie as a game result is therefore practically non-existent.

In addition to the team scoring, an individual club scoring is held at the Swiss championship and on special occasions. The points scored are decisive for the individual racket scoring at festive occasions. The more complex valuation in the championship also takes into account ranking points from the individual games in order not to favor teams with advantageous playing fields.

Three rounds are played at the Hornuss Festival - four at the Federal Hornuss Festival. The first contact - at the federal festivals the first two rounds - is called Anhornussen (analogous to the “qualification round” in other sports). For the remaining rounds (the cut-out), the opponents are reassigned according to the result of the anhornuss.

While at Hornusserfests the competition is completed on the same day with three played rounds, the cut-off at the Federal Festival takes place on the following day.

Zvieri and competition

In the origins of the Hornussen it was up to the losing society to pay for the Zvieri ( snack ) taken after the game . Instead, today the teams place a bet on the outcome of the game. The stake is between 50 and 100 francs per game. These bets are also common in pure friendly games, which is why these are referred to as betting games. It is also common for individual players of similar skill level to bet on a beer based on the points beaten.

Terms

Measure
Indicating that the club is ready to hit by attempting to hit too high on purpose (Nouss is not hit). The racket also serves as a relaxation and concentration exercise. Is mandatory.
Show
Report the flight path / altitude / speed and the presumed landing location of the incoming Nouss to the other players in the ream by shouting loudly and holding the clapboard up and across.
Dismiss
Stopping the approaching Nouss with the shingle. Either “fisted” (the clapboard remains in the hand) or “stabbed” (the clapboard is thrown up). The term “Abtun” is also used in Swiss German for the killing of sick animals.
Buck
Down ramp made of aluminum or steel / chrome steel.
society
A team consisting of several players, of whom (depending on the game mode) 16 to 19 people take part in a game.
horn
Drinking horn with a capacity of 1–2 liters. Traditional price for the top teams at a major festive event. Is later usually exhibited in the "wreath box" (trophy showcase) of the team's regular pub.
Hornuss / Nouss
(Genus: generally masculine «der Nouss», also the Nouss ): originally made of wood, which is struck into the ream. Today the nouss is made of plastic (injection molding) and weighs 78 grams. Only the Nouss made by certified manufacturers and known as Hornuss 98 may be used for games.
number
Nouss, which is not stopped by a clapboard, but comes to the ground within the playing field. Counts for the evaluation of team performance.
Points
Stroke distance of more than 100 meters (one point is counted for every additional 10 meters). The number of points in the field (i.e. that section of the ream) into which the Hornuss falls or in which it hits a shingle or touches a player is deemed to be the stroke performance. Points are used for assessing individual and team performance. Teams from National League A score between 1300 and 1100 points in a game, teams from National League B between 1200 and 1000 points.
Ries
(1) Trapezoidal playing field of 200 m length. The playing field begins 100 m from the teeing point (Bockstand) and has a width of 8 m, 300 m from the teeing point is 14.67 m wide. The length of the playing field depends on the game mode. It is divided into fields (sections) of 10 m in length, to which the point values ​​1 to a maximum of 20 are assigned. The vegetation of the playing field is just as little standardized as the requirements for the terrain. Even if grass pitches predominate today, festivals are usually played on harvested fields. A level playing field is the rule, but there are also regularly played fields with a height difference of 30 m between the teeing point and the end of the field ( Biglen , Gfell).
(2) The term "Ries" is also used for the total of points for the individual pranks (total 1st strike, total 2nd strike, etc.) of the team.
shingle
Catching shovel (similar in shape to a baker's shovel). Used to stop the flying nouss from falling to the ground. The shingle is usually made of laminated wood or plastic. The use of plastic shingles has only been permitted for training and competitions since 2009.
Strength class
Based on the fixed results calculated level of a team. Is used for the classification at Hornusser festivals. Not to be confused with the league membership (championship).
Stuck
Originally willow rod with a round hardwood block (Träf) attached to the end. Today mostly made of carbon fiber or fiberglass. The maximum length (3 meters) and minimum diameter (3.6 millimeters) are specified. Each player uses his own stick.
Prank
Single blow.
Träf
Cylindrical block made of pressed hardwood ( hornbeam , red beech , field maple or sycamore maple ), which is attached to the stick and serves to "meet" the hornuss (hence the name). Length approx. 14 cm, diameter approx. 4.5 cm. The weight of the Träfs is usually between 250 and 300 grams. A maximum of 350 grams is allowed.
Competition
Friendly game, also a term for betting.
Zieli
Marking boards on the sidelines. The targets serve to delimit the field of play, to determine the range and to orientate the players of the dismissing team assigned to a certain area of ​​the field. On the target are the point values ​​of the associated 10 m long fields.

Injuries

The 78-gram Nouss arrives in the Ries at around 100–150 km / h. However, serious injuries rarely occur. The university emergency center at Bern's Inselspital counted 27 such cases within 14 years. 23 of these injured players had to undergo surgery, mostly because of fractures in the facial area (e.g. jaw, cheekbones, nose), cracked crush wounds or eye injuries.

Helmets protect players from the nouss, especially if it ricochets off a clapboard at an angle, and from falling shingles if they are thrown when they are being dumped. Helmets are only required for players born in 1984 or younger. Wearing a helmet is voluntary for older players, unless an entire team has committed to wearing a helmet. The age rule ensures that at some point all players will wear protective helmets.

A shield (rectangular, dark mat) keeps the horn nut if it is cut too flat

In the times without a fixed set of rules (before 1900) direct body hits occurred more often, as body hits were often rated higher than numbers. Also, the aim of the game was to defeat the opponent by numbers rather than distance. Since then, the game philosophy and the regulations have changed. The deliberate hitting of the Nousses in a flat trajectory (barely exceeding the horizon) was prevented in the second half of the 20th century by the introduction of the shutter (see photograph). Another rule change canceled the right to an additional punch after a number that had fallen.

etiquette

  • Spectators behave calmly at the buck. Any disturbance of the club's concentration must be avoided.
  • It is considered inappropriate for the batting team to cheer after a number has fallen.
  • The deliberate "search" for a number by setting the nouss too high or too low (results in an unusually high or very flat trajectory at the expense of the striking points) is in accordance with the rules, but frowned upon.

history

The origins of the Hornussen are not clear. It was first mentioned in writing in the early 17th century, when the (Sunday) game was rejected in church scriptures. Hornusser games have been described in literature since the 19th century ( Jeremias Gotthelf in the novel Uli der Knecht ). Accordingly, the Hornussen was a playful competition between young farmers in the Emmental and was mainly played in autumn on the harvested fields. The rules were agreed between the teams before the start of the game. The stake was a snack (including drinks), which the losing society had to match the winning. A game description from the 19th century can also be found in the Swiss Idioticon . After the games, fights were often fought, fueled by rule disputes and alcohol consumption. This and the fact that the games mostly took place on Sundays (which affected church attendance) led to various attempts to ban the games by the authorities, for example in 1886 by the synod of the Bern regional church.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the Hornussen also started to form associations and regulate them. In 1902 the national umbrella organization (Eidgenössischer Hornusserverband) was founded.

Movie

In 1999, with the published Swiss Film Prize winning documentary hitting and putting away of Norbert Wiedmer .

Web links

Commons : Hornussen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on the origin of the word duden.de
  2. ↑ Map of the Hornusserplatz ehv.ch
  3. ↑ Factsheet Eidgenössischer Hornusserverband (EHV) , as of 2017 (PDF)
  4. ↑ 11. Frauenhornussen in Gondiswil ehv.ch, September 5, 2019.
  5. ↑ Hit ehv.ch
  6. ↑ hitting ehv.ch, see section ballistics .
  7. ↑ This is Hornussen hgtenniken.ch. The second graphic shows the trajectory of the Nouss with the values ​​determined by ETH Zurich.
  8. ↑ a b c This is how dangerous Hornussen is bernerzeitung.ch, 19 August 2016.
  9. ↑ Dismissal ehv.ch
  10. ↑ Lehmann's exploit berneroberlaender.ch, June 29, 2010.
  11. ↑ Game regulations Eidgenössischer Hornusserverband ehv.ch, as of 2019, see Section 1.8: Scoring of the games.
  12. ↑ Game regulations Eidgenössischer Hornusserverband ehv.ch, as of 2019, see Section 4.6: Scoring the hitting.
  13. ↑ a b See graphic hgtenniken.ch
  14. ↑ Träf hg-epsach.ch
  15. ↑ Abtun ehv.ch, see section Die Schindel .
  16. ↑ For information on the catching device with shot shield, see also product descriptions EHV for material manufacturers (PDF), as of 2020, p. 8.
  17. ↑ Gotthelfs Baseball , in: Sunday newspaper , June 7, 2015.
  18. ↑ a b Schweizerisches Idiotikon, Volume II, Column 1629 f., Lemma hornûsse, meaning 6 ( digitized version ), which also contains further references.
  19. ↑ hitting and putting away. In: bernfilm.ch. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .