Hybrid house

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Any building that does not clearly consist of a basic material is called a hybrid house . In the 21st century, the name is used for a house that is mainly made of wood . For structural reasons, however, it has a reinforced concrete structure . Hybrid ( Greek ) means mixed here and means the essential building materials used.

A concrete example: the wooden house in Berlin's Bötzowviertel

The architects Kaden und Klingbeil built such a multi-family hybrid house, also known as a wood-concrete composite building, based on plans by Tom Klingbeil and Marek Czyborra on behalf of an investor ("E3 building group") in the Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg in the Bötzowviertel at Esmarchstrasse 3.

The building was erected in 2007/2008 on a wasteland that was left behind from destruction in the Second World War . Only two reinforced concrete shafts form the core of the seven-story wooden house. According to current building law in Germany (as of 2016), no house built entirely from wood may be higher than five floors; deviations must be associated with appropriate fire protection measures. At the time of completion, the building was the tallest wooden residential building in Europe. In the following years this "title" went to a wooden house in London ( Canary Wharf Crossrail Station ).

The walls and ceilings are made of solid pine and spruce wood . These form permanent and natural thermal insulation. At the same time, the wood also serves as a sound insulation, both against noise from the house and against street noise. The load-bearing components are made of laminated wood, some important ceiling elements were created as a wood-concrete composite.

Carpenters were mainly involved in the construction of the house, so that there was less construction noise than with conventional concrete or brick buildings. In some cases, prefabricated components made of pine wood were used. In specialist circles, the construction method is called "post-and-rail construction with solid wood outer walls". The extensive use of wood in the construction of tall residential buildings is not new; as early as the Middle Ages, half-timbered buildings were mainly made of wood, straw and clay. The fact that a solid house still attracts attention in the 21st century is due to the fact that the finished building is perfectly adapted to the neighboring buildings made of stone and concrete. The outer walls were provided with white plaster , the balconies are equipped with steel and simple lattice balustrades. The plaster provides fire protection for the wooden building, which would otherwise have to be created using sprinkler systems and which would cause considerable additional costs. In addition, the German fire protection regulations only allow a construction height of up to five floors in wooden houses, which could be avoided with the hybrid construction and above all the plastered facade.

The stairwell in open-air construction and made of reinforced concrete was built next to the residential building, because the entrances to the apartments offer more privacy at the request of the residents.

The construction of the house cost 2.3 million euros , it comprises a total living space of around 950 square meters, divided into six apartments and a single storey commercial unit.

In the current situation, where living space is urgently needed in many cities or where redensification of existing buildings makes sense, a hybrid house offers an inexpensive alternative to conventional construction. The architects see particular advantages in adding storeys to existing residential buildings - the wooden buildings are not only suitable for this task because of the favorable properties mentioned above, but also because the building dimensions are considerably smaller and therefore have less of an impact on the existing statics.

recognition

Since its inauguration, the first hybrid house in Berlin has attracted trade visitors who can convince themselves of the advantages on site. As a result, the architects have already received new orders for the construction of hybrid houses from the districts of Pankow , Mitte and Treptow-Köpenick .

The architects received the following awards for the hybrid house e_3 described here

  • Civil Engineering Award 2008
  • BDA Prize Berlin 2009
  • First prize in the national efficiency house competition in 2009
  • German Timber Construction Award 2009
  • Detail Prize 2009 Aesthetics and Construction Special Prize for Wood
  • German builder award 2009/2010

The hybrid or wooden house on Esmarchstrasse serves as a good example of sustainability in the construction industry. Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '53.6 "  N , 13 ° 25' 52"  E

Further wood hybrid buildings in Germany and other countries

In 2015, contracts were signed with Kaden and Klingbeil for the construction of four ten or eleven storeys in Flensburg . These will tower above the London wooden house again.

The architects were represented with a hybrid house at the International Building Exhibition in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg (2007 to 2013).

In 2016 there are in Berlin except the detailed above house that was built in 2000 Chapel of Reconciliation on Bernauer Strasse, in which rods of Douglas convert the church hall. There is also the representation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, completed in 2002, which forms a diamond construction made of wood, glass and steel, and an apartment building at Fehrbelliner Straße 91.

Ball of Science and Innovation , an extension to the CERN visitor center

In Switzerland , architects have been increasingly using wood as a building material for non-private buildings since the late 1990s. One example was the Swiss pavilion at Expo 2000 , which was dismantled after the exhibition ended. The material was largely used in the construction of a new visitor center at Cern .

In 2014, a new elephant house was inaugurated at Zurich Zoo , whose wooden shell roof the size of a football field is shaped like a turtle shell ; almost half a million screws hold everything together.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b House built by Kaden Klingbeil in Berlin (opening May 30, 2008); on: www.baunetz.de; Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  2. ^ Rohlf: wooden skyscrapers ...
  3. ↑ a b c Carmen Böker: The End of the Stone Age , in: Berliner Zeitung 29./30. October 2016, p. 6.
  4. ↑ Homepage of the architecture office Kaden Klingbeil: prices ; Retrieved November 25, 2015.