Gender inequality index

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" Gender equality " is the fifth of the 17 UN goals for sustainable development (SDGs) - The GII includes to a sub-index: the proportion of women in national parliament (SDG 5.5)

The index of gender inequality  - English Gender Inequality Index , shortly GII  - is a social indicator for gender equality in the countries of the world, the development program of the United Nations published annually (UNDP) since of 2010. The index is made up of five statistical data on the reproductive health of women, the proportion of women in the state parliament, and secondary school education and labor force participation in a gender comparison. A GII between 1,000 and optimally 0.000 is calculated by gradually averaging the individual data: the smaller the GII, the less women are disadvantaged compared to men with regard to the recorded quality of life. Four of the individual figures serve as a measure of the unequal distribution of the “ Sustainable Development Goals ” (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 . Overall, the GII shows a country's loss of " human development " (human development) , resulting from gender inequality.

At the end of 2019, UNDP published the GII values ​​for 162 countries for 2018 ( see below ); insufficient data were available for 27 others . As an additional benchmark for equality , UNDP calculates the country-specific GDI ( Gender Development Index for gender-specific development), formed from life expectancy , school years and income in a comparison between women and men. At the same time , the World Economic Forum published its Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (GGGI) for 2019 as its own index - the following overview shows all three indices on the gender gap in the DA-CH countries and compares them to the very high average values ​​worldwide (43.9 % Inequality), GII minus values ​​from 2010 (+/-) mean a reduction in discrimination against women:

Country 2018 GII rank from 2017 from 2010 GDI # GGGI rank
+/- GII +/- GII
Switzerland 0.037 1 (+3) −0.003 0.040 −0.025 0.062 0.963 82 0.779 18th
Austria 0.073 14 (−1) −0.005 0.078 −0.038 0.111 0.963 84 0.744 34
Germany 0.084 19 (−11) 0.000 0.084 −0.013 0.097 0.968 72 0.787 10
world 0.439 100 (−11) −0.003 0.442 −0.034 0.473 0.941 101 0.686 95

Development of the GII

" Education for all" is the 4th  goal for sustainable development - the GII contains the sub-index " secondary school education" for women and men (SDG 4.6)

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) initially introduced two gender-specific indices in the 1995 reporting year: an earlier form of the GDI and the GEM women’s participation index . In the years that followed, however, both were criticized as inadequate from various sides. With the UNDP report 2010, the GII (Gender Inequality Index) was presented as a measure of inequality , which takes into account key points of criticism and is intended to enable the evaluation of data on as many UN member states as possible. 2008 statistical data were available for 137 countries. The introduction of the GII was justified as follows (in translation):

“Gender inequality remains a major barrier to human development . Girls and women have made great strides since 1990, but they have not yet achieved gender equality. [...] Measurements of disadvantage for women raise awareness of problems, allow monitoring of progress towards the goals of gender equality and hold governments accountable. "

- UNDP: Human Development Report 2010

The Human Development Report 2019 does not calculate the changes in the GII values ​​from 2008, but based on the latest data and calculation methods from 2010 and retrospectively for the years 2005, 2000 and 1995. UNDP regularly criticizes a lack of data from some countries, but points out Overall, there was a steady improvement in the data situation: in 2019, statistical information on 162 countries could be evaluated, with insufficient data on 27 other countries ( see below ). The report summarizes the overall situation (in translation):

“Gender gaps remain one of the most persistent forms of inequality in all countries. Given that these disadvantages affect half the world's population, gender inequality is arguably one of the major barriers to progress in human development. Too often women and girls are discriminated against in terms of health, education, in the home and in the labor market - with negative repercussions on their freedoms. "

- UNDP: Human Development Report 2019

Worldwide, the GII 2018 is 0.439 - this corresponds to an average inequality of 43.9% in the recorded quality of life, with a decrease of 3.4% since 2010 (0.473) and 8.2% since 2000 (0.521).

reception

The Spanish demographer Iñaki Permanyer welcomed the introduction of the GII in 2011: “UNDP's new index of gender inequality is an important contribution to the discussion of measuring gender inequality. Introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report , the new index was designed to overcome many of the limitations of its predecessor - the GDI  . "

criticism

Permanyer criticized the complexity of the GII and its mixing of dimensions in several ways, and in 2011 proposed simplifying improvements.

The German development economist Stephan Klasen ( University of Göttingen ) is a member of the UN Committee on Development Policy and has accompanied the gender-specific measures and indices of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) with critical analyzes and suggestions for improvement since the 2000s. Klasen wrote in 2017:

“My overall assessment of the GII is that it is in no way an improvement, and in fact is a deterioration in many ways, from the previous state of affairs, particularly the revised and previously discussed GDI and GEM measurements. The GII mixes well-being [health] with empowerment and levels of achievement with gender gaps, and it is far too complex to be meaningfully communicated and interpreted. "

Calculation of the GII and example

"Healthy life for all" is the third of the 17 targets for sustainable development - the GII includes to two sub-indices: the maternal mortality ratio (SDG 3.1) and teenage pregnancy at the age of 15-19 years (SDG 3.7)

The index of gender-specific inequality (GII) is calculated by the UN Development Program using data from the United Nations ( UNDESA , UNESCO ), the Interparliamentary Union IPU (parliamentary seats) and the International Labor Organization ( ILU ) (employment rate). The data come from three basic areas of " human development " :

  1. Reproductive health (reproductive health) , determined from
    a) Maternal mortality rate : number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (minimum: 10, limit: 1,000)
    b) Maternity of minors : births per 1,000 girls between the ages of 15 and 19
    Both values ​​- set to 1 in the calculation for men - are part of the “ Sustainable Development Goals ” ( goals 3.1 and 3.7). The concept of “ reproductive health and reproductive rights ” represents a legal approach by the UN to anchor family planning as a human right.
  2. Participation (empowerment) , determined from
    a) political participation : seats in the state parliament of women and men (sustainable goal 5.5)
    b) Secondary education for women and men aged 25 and over (Sustainable Goal 4.6)
  3. Participation (labor force participation) of women and men aged 15 and over

A minimum value of 0.1 percent is set for each of the 5 indicators . First of all, a geometric mean of the 5 individual values ​​for each gender is formed, then the two end values ​​are harmoniously averaged . UNDP cites the concrete figures for the country Papua New Guinea as an example :

1. a) Maternal mortality: 215 (per 100,000 live births)
1.b) Youth birth rate: 52.7 (per 1,000)
2. a) Parliamentary seats for women: 0.0% (set to the minimum: 0.1%)
2.b) Secondary education: 9.94% of women and 15.16% of men (from 25 years of age)
3. Employment rate: 46.0% for women and 47.6% for men (aged 15 and over)

Using a complex formula, intermediate values ​​are calculated separately for both sexes from the individual values:

  1. Women: f0.05146
  2. Men: 0.57005

Harmonic mean: 0.0944

Then the geometric mean of all individual values ​​is calculated: 0.3637

Finally, the GII is calculated: 1 - (0.0944 / 0.3637) = 0.740

This puts Papua New Guinea at GII rank 161 (out of 162) in 2018 , its HDI of 0.543 ranks 155 (out of 189).

List of countries according to their GII

The following list shows the GII (Gender Inequality Index) for the 162 evaluated UN member states in 2018 according to the ranking of the UN development program in its report on human development 2019 (see below for comparison with the HDI ), together with the 5th  Social indicators on women's reproductive health, women's empowerment and participation and their participation in the labor market:

  1. Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births
  2. Maternity of minors per 1,000 girls aged 15–19
  3. Proportion of women in the state parliament (? seats) - see the state list with changes since 1995
  4. Secondary education for women (?) and men (?)
  5. Employment participation (? and ? from 15 years)

Switzerland is in 1st place with the lowest GII (0.037: low female disadvantage), Austria is in 14th place and Germany is in 19th place , for comparison the average values ​​of the UN members and the OECD countries:

Country 2018 GII rank Maternal
death 		Youth
Mothers 		? seats in
parliament 		Secondary education Activity rate
? ? ? ?
162 UN members ø 0.439 100 216 42.9 24.1% 62.8% 71.2% 48.0% 74.9%
36 OECD countries ø 0.182 42 14th 20.5 30.1% 84.8% 87.7% 51.6% 68.5%
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 0.037 1 5 2.8 29.3% 96.4% 97.2% 62.6% 74.1%
Sweden 0.040 2 4th 5.1 46.1% 88.8% 89.0% 61.1% 67.6%
Denmark 0.040 2 6th 4.1 37.4% 89.2% 89.4% 58.1% 65.9%
Netherlands 0.041 4th 7th 3.8 35.6% 86.6% 90.1% 58.0% 68.9%
Norway 0.044 5 5 5.1 41.4% 96.1% 94.8% 60.2% 66.7%
Belgium 0.045 6th 7th 4.7 41.4% 82.6% 87.1% 47.9% 58.9%
Finland 0.050 7th 3 5.8 42.0% 100.0% 100.0% 55.0% 62.2%
France 0.051 8th 8th 4.7 35.7% 81.0% 86.3% 50.3% 60.0%
Iceland 0.057 9 3 6.3 38.1% 100.0% 100.0% 72.1% 80.6%
South Korea 0.058 10 11 1.4 17.0% 89.8% 95.6% 52.8% 73.3%
Singapore 0.065 11 10 3.5 23.0% 76.3% 83.3% 60.5% 76.3%
Slovenia 0.069 12 9 3.8 20.0% 97.0% 98.3% 53.4% 62.7%
Italy 0.069 12 4th 5.2 35.6% 75.6% 83.0% 40.0% 58.4%
AustriaAustria Austria 0.073 14th 4th 7.3 34.8% 100.0% 100.0% 54.8% 65.9%
Spain 0.074 15th 5 7.7 38.6% 73.3% 78.4% 51.7% 63.4%
Luxembourg 0.078 16 10 4.7 20.0% 100.0% 100.0% 53.5% 62.7%
Portugal 0.081 17th 10 8.4 34.8% 53.6% 54.8% 53.9% 64.2%
Canada 0.083 18th 7th 8.4 31.7% 100.0% 100.0% 60.9% 69.7%
GermanyGermany Germany 0.084 19th 6th 8.1 31.5% 96.0% 96.6% 55.3% 66.2%
Cyprus, Republic 0.086 20th 7th 4.6 17.9% 78.2% 82.6% 57.3% 67.2%
Estonia 0.091 21st 9 7.7 26.7% 100.0% 100.0% 57.0% 70.9%
Ireland 0.093 22nd 8th 7.5 24.3% 90.2% 86.3% 55.1% 68.1%
Japan 0.099 23 5 3.8 13.7% 95.2% 92.2% 51.4% 70.7%
Israel 0.100 24 5 9.6 27.5% 87.8% 90.5% 59.2% 69.1%
Australia 0.103 25th 6th 11.7 32.7% 90.0% 90.7% 59.7% 70.5%
Society. Arab. Emirates 0.113 26th 6th 6.5 22.5% 78.8% 65.7% 51.2% 93.4%
United Kingdom 0.119 27 9 13.4 28.9% 82.9% 85.7% 57.1% 67.8%
Belarus 0.119 27 4th 14.5 33.1% 87.2% 92.5% 58.1% 70.3%
Montenegro 0.119 27 7th 9.3 23.5% 88.0% 97.5% 43.6% 58.1%
Poland 0.120 30th 3 10.5 25.5% 82.9% 88.1% 48.9% 65.5%
Greece 0.122 31 3 7.2 18.7% 61.5% 73.2% 45.3% 60.7%
Croatia 0.122 31 8th 8.7 18.5% 94.5% 96.9% 45.7% 58.2%
Lithuania 0.124 33 10 10.9 21.3% 92.9% 97.5% 56.4% 66.7%
New Zealand 0.133 34 11 19.3 38.3% 97.2% 96.6% 64.6% 75.7%
Czech Republic 0.137 35 4th 12.0 20.3% 99.8% 99.8% 52.4% 68.4%
North Macedonia 0.145 36 8th 15.7 38.3% 41.6% 57.6% 42.7% 67.5%
Serbia 0.161 37 17th 14.7 34.4% 85.7% 93.6% 46.8% 62.1%
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.162 38 11 9.6 19.3% 73.1% 90.0% 35.6% 58.6%
China, People's Republic 0.163 39 27 7.6 24.9% 75.4% 83.0% 61.3% 75.9%
Latvia 0.169 40 18th 16.2 31.0% 100.0% 99.1% 55.4% 68.0%
Libya 0.172 41 9 5.8 16.0% 69.4% 45.0% 25.7% 79.0%
United States 0.182 42 14th 19.9 23.6% 95.7% 95.5% 56.1% 68.2%
Slovakia 0.190 43 6th 25.7 20.0% 99.1% 100.0% 52.7% 67.4%
Malta 0.195 44 9 12.9 11.9% 74.3% 82.2% 43.3% 66.2%
Qatar 0.202 45 13 9.9 9.8% 73.5% 66.1% 57.8% 94.7%
Kazakhstan 0.203 46 12 29.8 22.1% 98.3% 98.9% 65.2% 77.1%
Bahrain 0.207 47 15th 13.4 18.8% 64.2% 57.5% 44.5% 87.3%
Bulgaria 0.218 48 11 39.9 23.8% 94.2% 96.2% 49.5% 61.6%
Saudi Arabia 0.224 49 12 7.3 19.9% 67.8% 75.5% 23.4% 79.2%
Moldova, Republic 0.228 50 23 22.4 22.8% 95.5% 97.4% 38.9% 45.6%
Brunei 0.234 51 23 10.3 9.1% 69.5% 70.6% 58.2% 71.7%
Albania 0.234 51 29 19.6 27.9% 93.5% 92.8% 47.2% 64.9%
Kuwait 0.245 53 4th 8.2 3.1% 56.8% 49.3% 57.5% 85.3%
Russia 0.255 54 25th 20.7 16.1% 96.3% 95.7% 54.9% 70.5%
Barbados 0.256 55 27 33.6 27.5% 94.6% 91.9% 61.9% 69.6%
Hungary 0.258 56 17th 24.0 12.6% 96.3% 98.2% 48.3% 65.0%
Armenia 0.259 57 25th 21.5 18.1% 96.9% 97.6% 49.6% 69.9%
Malaysia 0.274 58 40 13.4 15.8% 79.8% 81.8% 50.9% 77.4%
Uruguay 0.275 59 15th 58.7 22.3% 57.8% 54.0% 55.8% 73.8%
Ukraine 0.284 60 24 23.7 12.3% 94.0% 95.2% 46.7% 62.8%
Costa Rica 0.285 61 25th 53.5 45.6% 53.8% 52.3% 45.7% 74.6%
Chile 0.288 62 22nd 41.1 22.7% 79.0% 80.9% 51.0% 74.2%
Tunisia 0.300 63 62 7.8 31.3% 42.3% 54.6% 24.1% 69.9%
Uzbekistan 0.303 64 36 23.8 16.4% 99.9% 99.9% 53.4% 78.2%
Oman 0.304 65 17th 13.1 8.8% 73.4% 63.7% 31.0% 88.7%
Turkey 0.305 66 16 26.6 17.4% 44.3% 66.0% 33.5% 72.6%
Cuba 0.312 67 39 51.6 53.2% 86.7% 88.9% 40.0% 67.4%
Vietnam 0.314 68 54 30.9 26.7% 66.2% 77.7% 72.7% 82.5%
Romania 0.316 69 31 36.2 18.7% 87.2% 93.1% 45.6% 64.2%
Azerbaijan 0.321 70 25th 55.8 16.8% 93.9% 97.5% 63.1% 69.7%
Mongolia 0.322 71 44 31.0 17.1% 91.2% 86.3% 53.3% 66.7%
Trinidad and Tobago 0.323 72 63 30.1 30.1% 74.4% 71.2% 50.4% 71.3%
St. Lucia 0.333 73 48 40.5 20.7% 49.2% 42.1% 60.2% 75.3%
Mexico 0.334 74 38 60.4 48.4% 58.4% 61.1% 43.8% 78.9%
Georgia 0.351 75 36 46.4 16.0% 97.4% 98.6% 57.8% 78.7%
Bahamas 0.353 76 80 30.0 21.8% 88.0% 91.0% 67.6% 82.0%
Argentina 0.354 77 52 62.8 39.5% 66.5% 63.3% 49.0% 72.8%
Fiji 0.357 78 30th 49.4 19.6% 78.3% 70.2% 38.1% 76.1%
Lebanon 0.362 79 15th 14.5 4.7% 54.3% 55.6% 23.5% 70.9%
Samoa 0.364 80 51 23.9 10.0% 79.1% 71.6% 23.7% 38.6%
Country 2018 GII rank Maternal
death 		Youth
Mothers 		? seats in
parliament 		? sec.
Education 		? sec.
Education 		?
work 		?
work
Maldives 0.367 81 68 7.8 5.9% 44.9% 49.3% 41.9% 82.0%
Mauritius 0.369 82 53 25.7 11.6% 65.7% 68.1% 45.0% 71.8%
Cape Verde 0.372 83 42 73.8 20.8% 28.7% 31.2% 65.1% 73.2%
Thailand 0.377 84 20th 44.9 5.3% 43.1% 48.2% 59.5% 76.2%
Tajikistan 0.377 84 32 57.1 20.0% 98.8% 87.0% 27.8% 59.7%
Sri Lanka 0.380 86 30th 20.9 5.8% 82.6% 83.1% 34.9% 72.2%
Peru 0.381 87 68 56.9 27.7% 57.4% 68.5% 69.9% 84.7%
Kyrgyzstan 0.381 87 76 32.8 19.2% 98.6% 98.3% 48.0% 75.8%
Brazil 0.386 89 44 59.1 15.0% 61.0% 57.7% 54.0% 74.4%
Ecuador 0.389 90 64 79.3 38.0% 51.9% 51.9% 56.6% 81.8%
Belize 0.391 91 28 68.5 11.1% 78.9% 78.4% 53.3% 81.4%
El Salvador 0.397 92 54 69.5 31.0% 39.9% 46.3% 46.1% 78.9%
Jamaica 0.405 93 89 52.8 19.0% 69.9% 62.4% 60.4% 73.9%
Colombia 0.411 94 64 66.7 19.0% 53.1% 50.9% 58.6% 82.0%
Rwanda 0.412 95 290 39.1 55.7% 12.9% 17.9% 84.2% 83.6%
Tonga 0.418 96 124 14.7 7.4% 94.0% 93.4% 45.3% 74.1%
South Africa 0.422 97 138 67.9 41.8% 75.0% 78.2% 48.9% 62.6%
Philippines 0.425 98 114 54.2 29.1% 75.6% 72.4% 45.7% 74.1%
Bhutan 0.436 99 148 20.2 15.3% 7.6% 17.5% 58.2% 74.5%
Algeria 0.443 100 140 10.1 21.3% 39.1% 38.9% 14.9% 67.4%
Bolivia 0.446 101 206 64.9 51.8% 52.8% 65.1% 56.6% 79.4%
Egypt 0.450 102 33 53.8 14.9% 59.2% 71.2% 22.8% 73.2%
Indonesia 0.451 103 126 47.4 19.8% 44.5% 53.2% 52.2% 82.0%
Dominican. republic 0.453 104 92 94.3 24.3% 58.6% 54.4% 50.9% 77.6%
Nicaragua 0.455 105 150 85.0 45.7% 48.3% 46.6% 50.7% 83.7%
Venezuela 0.458 106 95 85.3 22.2% 71.7% 66.6% 47.7% 77.1%
Myanmar 0.458 106 178 28.5 10.2% 28.7% 22.3% 47.7% 77.3%
Panama 0.460 108 94 81.8 18.3% 74.8% 68.4% 52.5% 80.5%
Namibia 0.460 108 265 63.6 39.7% 40.5% 41.9% 56.2% 65.9%
Laos 0.463 110 197 65.4 27.5% 35.0% 46.0% 76.8% 79.7%
Botswana 0.464 111 129 46.1 9.5% 89.6% 90.3% 66.2% 78.6%
Suriname 0.465 112 155 61.7 25.5% 61.5% 60.1% 39.2% 64.2%
Jordan 0.469 113 58 25.9 15.4% 82.0% 85.9% 14.1% 64.0%
Cambodia 0.474 114 161 50.2 19.3% 15.1% 28.1% 75.2% 87.6%
Nepal 0.476 115 258 65.1 33.5% 29.0% 44.2% 81.7% 69.1%
Honduras 0.479 116 129 72.9 21.1% 34.2% 32.6% 47.2% 83.7%
Paraguay 0.482 117 132 70.5 16.0% 47.3% 48.3% 56.9% 84.1%
Iran 0.492 118 25th 40.6 5.9% 67.4% 72.0% 16.8% 71.2%
Morocco 0.492 118 121 31.0 18.4% 29.0% 35.6% 21.4% 70.4%
Guyana 0.492 118 229 74.4 31.9% 70.9% 55.5% 41.2% 73.6%
Guatemala 0.492 118 88 70.9 12.7% 38.4% 37.2% 41.1% 85.0%
India 0.501 122 174 13.2 11.7% 39.0% 63.5% 23.6% 78.6%
Ethiopia 0.508 123 353 66.7 37.3% 11.5% 22.0% 74.2% 86.5%
Burundi 0.520 124 712 55.6 38.8% 7.5% 11.0% 80.4% 77.6%
Senegal 0.523 125 315 72.7 41.8% 11.1% 21.4% 35.2% 58.6%
Zimbabwe 0.525 126 443 86.1 34.3% 55.9% 66.3% 78.6% 89.0%
Uganda 0.531 127 343 118.8 34.3% 27.4% 34.7% 67.2% 75.0%
Gabon 0.534 128 291 96.2 17.4% 65.6% 49.8% 43.4% 60.2%
Bangladesh 0.536 129 176 83.0 20.3% 45.3% 49.2% 36.0% 81.3%
Tanzania 0.539 130 398 118.4 37.2% 11.9% 16.9% 79.4% 87.2%
Iraq 0.540 131 224 120.1 18.0% 39.2% 52.4% 70.8% 79.8%
Zambia 0.540 131 50 71.7 25.2% 39.5% 56.5% 12.4% 72.6%
Ghana 0.541 133 319 66.6 12.7% 55.7% 71.1% 63.6% 71.5%
Kenya 0.545 134 510 75.1 23.3% 29.8% 37.3% 63.6% 84.4%
Lesotho 0.546 135 487 92.7 22.7% 32.8% 25.1% 59.8% 74.9%
Sao Tome & Principe 0.547 136 156 94.6 14.5% 31.5% 45.8% 43.3% 76.2%
Pakistan 0.547 136 178 38.8 20.0% 26.7% 47.3% 23.9% 81.5%
Syria 0.547 136 68 38.6 13.2% 37.1% 43.4% 12.0% 70.3%
Sudan 0.560 139 311 64.0 31.0% 15.3% 19.6% 24.5% 70.3%
Cameroon 0.566 140 596 105.8 29.3% 32.7% 40.9% 71.2% 81.4%
Togo 0.566 140 368 89.1 17.6% 27.6% 54.0% 76.1% 79.3%
Mozambique 0.569 142 489 148.6 39.6% 14.0% 27.3% 77.5% 79.6%
Afghanistan 0.575 143 396 69.0 27.4% 13.2% 36.9% 48.7% 82.1%
Angola 0.578 144 477 150.5 30.5% 23.1% 38.1% 75.4% 80.1%
Congo, Republic 0.579 145 442 112.2 14.0% 46.7% 51.3% 66.9% 71.6%
Swaziland 0.579 145 389 76.7 12.1% 31.3% 33.9% 41.4% 65.9%
Burkina Faso 0.612 147 371 104.3 11.0% 6.0% 12.1% 58.5% 75.1%
Benin 0.613 148 405 86.1 7.2% 18.2% 33.6% 69.2% 73.3%
Malawi 0.615 149 634 132.7 16.7% 17.6% 25.9% 72.9% 82.0%
Mauritania 0.620 150 602 71.0 20.3% 12.7% 24.9% 29.2% 63.2%
Haiti 0.620 150 359 51.7 2.7% 26.9% 39.9% 63.3% 72.8%
Gambia 0.620 150 706 78.2 10.3% 30.7% 43.6% 51.7% 67.7%
Sierra Leone 0.644 153 1360 112.8 12.3% 19.9% 32.9% 57.7% 58.5%
Niger 0.647 154 553 186.5 17.0% 4.3% 8.9% 67.3% 90.5%
Liberia 0.651 155 725 136.0 11.7% 18.5% 39.6% 54.7% 57.5%
Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.655 156 693 124.2 8.2% 36.7% 65.8% 60.8% 66.5%
Ivory Coast 0.657 157 645 117.6 9.2% 17.8% 34.1% 48.3% 66.0%
Mali 0.676 158 587 169.1 8.8% 7.3% 16.4% 61.3% 80.9%
Central Africa 0.682 159 882 129.1 8.6% 13.4% 31.1% 64.7% 79.8%
Chad 0.701 160 856 161.1 15.3% 1.7% 10.3% 64.8% 77.9%
Papua New Guinea 0.740 161 215 52.7 0.0% 9.9% 15.2% 46.0% 47.6%
Yemen 0.834 162 385 60.4 0.5% 19.9% 35.5% 6.0% 70.8%
162 UN members ø 0.439 100 216 42.9 24.1% 62.8% 71.2% 48.0% 74.9%
Country 2018 GII rank Maternal
death 		Youth
Mothers 		?  seats in
parliament 		woman man woman man
Secondary education Activity rate

GII list from 2000

The following list compares the GII of 162 countries with their basic HDI ( Human Development Index ) and GDI ( Gender Development Index ), along with the change in GII since 2017, since 2010 and since 2000, all based on the data and Calculation methods from 2019 - minus changes are positive, plus values ​​mean an increase in the gender gap in gender equality ; the three DA-CH countries are HDI rank 20 , rank 4 and rank 2 :

Country 2018 comparison GII rank from 2017 from 2010 from 2000
HDI rank GDI # rank +/- GII rank +/- GII +/- GII
162 UN members ø 0.731 93 0.941 101 0.439 100   −2 −0.003 0.442   −11 −0.034 0.473 −0.082 0.521
36 OECD countries ø 0.895 25th 0.976 56 0.182 42   −0.007 0.189   −2 −0.052 0.234 −0.109 0.291
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 0.946 2 0.963 82 0.037 1   −0.003 0.040   +3 −0.025 0.062 −0.057 0.094
Sweden 0.937 8th 0.982 50 0.040 2   +1 −0.003 0.043   −1 −0.010 0.050 −0.021 0.061
Denmark 0.930 11 0.980 52 0.040 2   −0.001 0.041   +1 −0.016 0.056 −0.036 0.076
Netherlands 0.934 10 0.967 76 0.041 4th   −0.003 0.044   −2 −0.013 0.054 −0.055 0.096
Norway 0.954 1 0.990 31 0.044 5   −0.003 0.047   −0.031 0.075 −0.064 0.108
Belgium 0.919 17th 0.972 64 0.045 6th   −0.005 0.050   +1 −0.046 0.091 −0.077 0.122
Finland 0.925 12 0.990 32 0.050 7th   +1 −0.005 0.055   −1 −0.027 0.077 −0.035 0.085
France 0.891 26th 0.984 42 0.051 8th   +1 −0.007 0.058   +4 −0.056 0.107 −0.121 0.172
Iceland 0.938 6th 0.966 77 0.057 9   +2 −0.008 0.065   +1 −0.042 0.099 −0.091 0.148
South Korea 0.906 22nd 0.934 109 0.058 10   −0.002 0.060   −1 −0.040 0.098 −0.133 0.191
Singapore 0.935 9 0.988 36 0.065 11   +2 −0.001 0.066   −1 −0.034 0.099 −0.209 0.274
Slovenia 0.902 24 1.003 21st 0.069 12   −5 +0.016 0.053   +5 −0.057 0.126 ... ...
Italy 0.883 29 0.967 74 0.069 12   +4 −0.011 0.080   +4 −0.056 0.125 −0.109 0.178
AustriaAustria Austria 0.914 20th 0.963 84 0.073 14th   +1 −0.005 0.078   −1 −0.038 0.111 −0.077 0.150
Spain 0.893 25th 0.981 51 0.074 15th   −1 −0.003 0.077   −1 −0.041 0.115 −0.045 0.119
Luxembourg 0.909 21st 0.970 70 0.078 16   −4 +0.013 0.065   +3 −0.054 0.132 −0.097 0.175
Portugal 0.850 40 0.984 44 0.081 17th   +2 −0.007 0.088   +6 −0.060 0.141 −0.128 0.209
Canada 0.922 13 0.989 34 0.083 18th   +2 −0.009 0.092   −1 −0.043 0.126 ... ...
GermanyGermany Germany 0.939 4th 0.968 72 0.084 19th   −2 0.000 0.084   −11 −0.013 0.097 −0.046 0.130
Cyprus, Republic 0.873 31 0.983 47 0.086 20th   −2 −0.001 0.087   −1 −0.046 0.132 −0.172 0.258
Estonia 0.882 30th 1.016 7th 0.091 21st   +4 −0.019 0.110   +8 −0.078 0.169 -0.191 0.282
Ireland 0.942 3 0.975 59 0.093 22nd   −1 −0.008 0.101   +8 −0.077 0.170 −0.105 0.198
Japan 0.915 19th 0.976 56 0.099 23   −1 −0.003 0.102   −8 −0.022 0.121 −0.036 0.135
Israel 0.906 22nd 0.972 66 0.100 24   −1 −0.004 0.104   +1 −0.049 0.149 −0.097 0.197
Australia 0.938 6th 0.975 58 0.103 25th   −1 −0.001 0.104   −3 −0.035 0.138 −0.057 0.160
Society. Arab. Emirates 0.866 35 0.965 79 0.113 26th   +9 −0.025 0.138   +14 −0.118 0.231 −0.496 0.609
United Kingdom 0.920 15th 0.967 75 0.119 27   −0.009 0.128   +5 −0.064 0.183 −0.096 0.215
Belarus 0.817 50 1.010 11 0.119 27   +4 −0.010 0.129   −1 −0.031 0.150 ... ...
Montenegro 0.816 52 0.966 78 0.119 27   +1 −0.009 0.128   +11 −0.097 0.216 ... ...
Poland 0.872 32 1.009 14th 0.120 30th   −1 −0.008 0.128   −0.050 0.170 −0.085 0.205
Greece 0.872 32 0.963 85 0.122 31   −5 −0.002 0.124   −4 −0.035 0.157 −0.099 0.221
Croatia 0.837 46 0.989 35 0.122 31   −1 −0.006 0.128   −7 −0.024 0.146 −0.084 0.206
Lithuania 0.869 34 1.028 4th 0.124 33   −1 −0.005 0.129   −5 −0.044 0.168 −0.157 0.281
New Zealand 0.921 14th 0.963 81 0.133 34   −0.004 0.137   −1 −0.053 0.186 −0.057 0.190
Czech Republic 0.891 26th 0.983 48 0.137 35   −2 +0.004 0.133   −14 +0.002 0.135 ... ...
North Macedonia 0.759 82 0.947 95 0.145 36   −0.005 0.150 ... ... ... ... ...
Serbia 0.799 63 0.976 57 0.162 37   +2 −0.006 0.168   +2 −0.059 0.221 ... ...
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.769 75 0.924 117 0.162 38   −0.005 0.167   +3 −0.073 0.235 ... ...
China, People's Republic 0.758 85 0.961 88 0.163 39   −2 −0.001 0.164   −5 −0.029 0.192 −0.105 0.268
Latvia 0.854 39 1.030 3 0.169 40   +5 −0.039 0.208   −4 −0.039 0.208 −0.107 0.276
Libya 0.708 110 0.931 111 0.172 41   −1 −0.001 0.173   +3 −0.074 0.246 ... ...
United States 0.920 15th 0.991 30th 0.182 42   +1 −0.020 0.202   +3 −0.072 0.254 ... ...
Slovakia 0.857 36 0.992 29 0.190 43   −2 +0.003 0.187   −8 −0.005 0.195 −0.029 0.219
Malta 0.885 28 0.965 80 0.195 44   −2 −0.002 0.197   +5 −0.077 0.272 −0.125 0.320
Qatar 0.848 41 1.043 1 0.202 45   +1 −0.007 0.209   +77 −0.378 0.580 ... ...
Kazakhstan 0.817 50 0.999 24 0.203 46   −2 −0.001 0.204   +1 −0.065 0.268 −0,201 0.404
Bahrain 0.838 45 0.937 106 0.207 47   +1 −0.016 0.223   −5 −0.029 0.236 ... ...
Bulgaria 0.816 52 0.993 28 0.218 48   −1 −0.002 0.220   −5 −0.020 0.238 −0.118 0.336
Saudi Arabia 0.857 36 0.879 135 0.224 49   −0.008 0.232   +88 −0.409 0.633 ... ...
Moldova, Republic 0.711 107 1.007 15th 0.228 50   −0.004 0.232   −0.058 0.286 −0.192 0.420
Brunei 0.845 43 0.987 38 0.234 51   +1 −0.009 0.243 ... ... ... ... ...
Albania 0.791 69 0.971 68 0.234 51   −0.002 0.236   −3 −0.035 0.269 −0.146 0.380
Kuwait 0.808 57 0.999 23 0.245 53   −0.006 0.251   −16 +0.030 0.215 −0.331 0.576
Russia 0.824 49 1.015 8th 0.255 54   −0.007 0.262   −0.061 0.316 −0.168 0.423
Barbados 0.813 56 1.010 12 0.256 55   +3 −0.027 0.283   +1 −0.064 0.320 −0.100 0.356
Hungary 0.845 43 0.984 45 0.258 56   −0.012 0.270   −10 +0.003 0.255 −0.030 0.288
Armenia 0.760 81 0.972 63 0.259 57   −2 −0.004 0.263   +6 −0.086 0.345 −0.209 0.468
Malaysia 0.804 61 0.972 67 0.274 58   +1 −0.012 0.286   −6 −0.035 0.309 −0.061 0.335
Uruguay 0.808 57 1.016 6th 0.275 59   −2 −0.001 0.276   +1 −0.052 0.327 −0.114 0.389
Ukraine 0.750 88 0.995 26th 0.284 60   −0.005 0.289   +2 −0.053 0.337 −0.101 0.385
Costa Rica 0.794 68 0.977 55 0.285 61   +1 −0.018 0.303   −4 −0.036 0.321 −0.138 0.423
Chile 0.847 42 0.962 87 0.288 62 ... ... ...   +3 −0.074 0.362 −0.145 0.433
Tunisia 0.739 91 0.899 126 0.300 63   −2 +0.001 0.299   −10 −0.013 0.313 −0.129 0.429
Uzbekistan 0.710 108 0.939 103 0.303 64   −1 0.000 0.303 ... ... ... ... ...
Oman 0.834 47 0.943 100 0.304 65   −1 −0.003 0.307   −4 −0.024 0.328 ... ...
Turkey 0.807 59 0.924 116 0.305 66   +4 −0.016 0.321   +15 −0.120 0.425 −0.286 0.591
Cuba 0.778 72 0.948 94 0.313 67   −1 −0.005 0.318   −8 −0.013 0.326 −0.066 0.379
Vietnam 0.693 118 1.003 20th 0.314 68   −1 −0.004 0.318   −10 −0.010 0.324 −0.033 0.347
Romania 0.816 52 0.986 40 0.316 69   −4 0.000 0.316   −3 −0.049 0.365 ... ...
Azerbaijan 0.754 87 0.940 101 0.321 70   −2 +0.003 0.318   −19 +0.019 0.302 ... ...
Mongolia 0.735 92 1.031 2 0.322 71   −2 +0.004 0.318   +2 −0.084 0.406 −0.130 0.452
Trinidad and Tobago 0.799 63 1.002 22nd 0.324 72   −1 −0.003 0.327   −8 −0.030 0.354 ... ...
St. Lucia 0.745 89 0.975 60 0.333 73   −1 −0.003 0.336 ... ... ... ... ...
Mexico 0.767 76 0.957 90 0.334 74   −1 −0.012 0.346   −2 −0.067 0.401 −0.158 0.492
Georgia 0.786 70 0.979 54 0.351 75   −0.003 0.354   +2 −0.069 0.420 −0.071 0.422
Bahamas 0.805 60 ... ... 0.353 76   −2 0.000 0.353   −5 −0.033 0.386 −0.034 0.387
Argentina 0.830 48 0.988 37 0.354 77   −1 −0.001 0.355   −8 −0.017 0.371 −0.055 0.409
Fiji 0.724 98 ... ... 0.357 78   −1 −0.010 0.367 ... ... ... ... ...
Lebanon 0.730 93 0.891 130 0.362 79   +10 −0.033 0.395   −4 −0.050 0.412 ... ...
Samoa 0.707 111 ... ... 0.364 80   −2 −0.005 0.369   −4 −0.054 0.418 −0.107 0.471
Country 2018 HDI rank GDI # GII rank since
2017 		Value
+/- 		2017
GII 		since
2010 		Value
+/- 		2010
GII 		Value
+/- 		2000
GII
Maldives 0.719 104 0.939 102 0.367 81   +1 −0.008 0.375   −1 −0.057 0.424 −0.169 0.536
Mauritius 0.796 66 0.974 61 0.369 82   −3 −0.004 0.373   −12 −0.013 0.382 −0.084 0.453
Cape Verde 0.651 126 0.984 46 0.372 83   −3 −0.002 0.374 ... ... ... ... ...
Thailand 0.765 77 0.995 25th 0.377 84   +1 −0.009 0.386   −29 +0.058 0.319 −0.020 0.397
Tajikistan 0.656 125 0.799 157 0.377 84   −3 +0.003 0.374   −16 +0.010 0.367 −0.061 0.438
Sri Lanka 0.780 71 0.938 104 0.380 86   −3 −0.001 0.381   −12 −0.028 0.408 ... ...
Peru 0.759 82 0.951 92 0.381 87   −3 −0.002 0.383   −9 −0.040 0.421 ... ...
Kyrgyzstan 0.674 122 0.959 89 0.381 87   −1 −0.008 0.389   −21 +0.016 0.365 −0.095 0.476
Brazil 0.761 79 0.995 27 0.386 89   +2 −0.018 0.404   −1 −0.070 0.456 −0.121 0.507
Ecuador 0.758 85 0.980 53 0.389 90   −3 −0.001 0.390   −12 −0.032 0.421 −0.101 0.490
Belize 0.720 103 0.983 49 0.391 91   −3 −0.002 0.393   −10 −0.034 0.425 −0.090 0.481
El Salvador 0.667 124 0.969 71 0.397 92   −2 −0.001 0.398   −8 −0.045 0.442 −0.124 0.521
Jamaica 0.726 96 0.986 41 0.405 93   −1 −0.003 0.408   −6 −0.050 0.455 −0.065 0.470
Colombia 0.761 79 0.986 39 0.411 94   −1 0.000 0.411   −6 −0.045 0.456 −0.092 0.503
Rwanda 0.536 157 0.943 99 0.412 95   −1 0.000 0.412   −10 −0.034 0.446 −0.142 0.554
Tonga 0.717 105 0.944 97 0.418 96   −1 −0.001 0.419   +51 −0.263 0.681 −0.259 0.677
South Africa 0.705 113 0.984 43 0.422 97   −1 −0.002 0.424   −14 −0.010 0.432 +0.006 0.416
Philippines 0.712 106 1.004 17th 0.425 98   −1 −0.002 0.427   −12 −0.024 0.449 −0.051 0.476
Bhutan 0.617 134 0.893 129 0.436 99   +14 −0.048 0.484 ... ... ... ... ...
Algeria 0.759 82 0.865 144 0.443 100   −2 −0.004 0.447   +4 −0.080 0.523 −0.184 0.627
Bolivia 0.703 114 0.936 107 0.446 101   −2 −0.002 0.448   −6 −0.057 0.503 −0.141 0.587
Egypt 0.700 116 0.878 136 0.450 102   −2 −0.002 0.452 ... ... ... -0.186 0.636
Indonesia 0.707 111 0.937 105 0.451 103   −2 −0.002 0.453   −11 −0.035 0.486 −0.110 0.561
Dominican. republic 0.745 89 1.003 18th 0.453 104   −2 −0.001 0.454   −14 −0.020 0.473 −0.041 0.494
Nicaragua 0.651 126 1.013 10 0.455 105   −2 −0.003 0.458   −4 −0.065 0.520 −0.151 0.606
Venezuela 0.726 96 1.013 9 0.458 106   −2 −0.001 0.459   −15 −0.017 0.475 ... ...
Myanmar 0.584 145 0.953 91 0.459 106   −1 −0.001 0.460   −6 −0.058 0.517 ... ...
Panama 0.795 67 1.005 16 0.460 108   −2 −0.002 0.462   −7 −0.060 0.520 −0.046 0.506
Namibia 0.645 130 1.009 13 0.460 108   +2 −0.010 0.470   −9 −0.054 0.514 −0.085 0.545
Laos 0.604 140 0.929 114 0.463 110   −3 −0.002 0.465   −13 −0.047 0.510 −0.117 0.580
Botswana 0.728 94 0.990 33 0.464 111   −3 −0.002 0.466   −16 −0.039 0.503 −0.067 0.531
Suriname 0.724 98 0.972 65 0.465 112   −3 −0.002 0.467   −5 −0.069 0.534 ... ...
Jordan 0.723 102 0.868 142 0.469 113   −2 −0.002 0.471   −19 −0.025 0.494 −0.163 0.632
Cambodia 0.581 146 0.919 118 0.474 114   −2 −0.002 0.476   −21 −0.019 0.493 −0.124 0.598
Nepal 0.579 147 0.897 127 0.476 115   −0.012 0.488   −8 −0.058 0.534 −0.193 0.669
Honduras 0.623 132 0.970 69 0.479 116 ... ... ...   −15 −0.041 0.520 −0.071 0.550
Paraguay 0.724 98 0.968 73 0.482 117   −3 −0.003 0.485   −19 −0.029 0.511 −0.070 0.552
Iran 0.797 65 0.874 138 0.492 118   −2 +0.004 0.488   −12 −0.037 0.529 −0.104 0.596
Morocco 0.676 121 0.833 151 0.492 118   −1 −0.002 0.494   −3 −0.072 0.564 −0.214 0.706
Guyana 0.670 123 0.973 62 0.492 118   −0.003 0.495   −14 −0.031 0.523 −0.052 0.544
Guatemala 0.651 126 0.943 98 0.492 118   +1 −0.003 0.495   −9 −0.047 0.539 −0.104 0.596
India 0.647 129 0.829 153 0.501 122   −0.021 0.522   +5 −0.099 0.600 ... ...
Ethiopia 0.470 173 0.844 148 0.508 123   −3 −0.004 0.512   −1 −0.072 0.580 ... ...
Burundi 0.423 185 1.003 19th 0.520 124   −3 −0.001 0.521   −14 −0.024 0.544 −0.102 0.622
Senegal 0.514 166 0.873 139 0.523 125   −2 −0.001 0.524   −1 −0.060 0.583 −0.118 0.641
Zimbabwe 0.563 150 0.925 115 0.525 126   −2 −0.003 0.528   −6 −0.053 0.578 −0.102 0.627
Uganda 0.528 159 0.863 145 0.531 127   −2 −0.001 0.532   −10 −0.038 0.569 −0.116 0.647
Gabon 0.702 115 0.917 119 0.534 128   −1 −0.003 0.537   −15 −0.021 0.555 −0.075 0.609
Bangladesh 0.614 135 0.895 128 0.536 129   −1 −0.002 0.538   −3 −0.052 0.588 −0.144 0.680
Tanzania 0.528 159 0.936 108 0.539 130   −1 0.000 0.539 ... ... ... ... ...
Iraq 0.689 120 0.789 161 0.540 131   +1 −0.004 0.544   −6 −0.047 0.587 −0.112 0.652
Zambia 0.591 143 0.949 93 0.540 131   −1 −0.003 0.543   −17 −0.016 0.556 −0.113 0.653
Ghana 0.596 142 0.912 120 0.541 133   −2 −0.002 0.543   −15 −0.033 0.574 ... ...
Kenya 0.579 147 0.933 110 0.545 134   +1 −0.003 0.548   −3 −0.069 0.614 −0.150 0.695
Lesotho 0.518 164 1.026 5 0.546 135   −2 +0.001 0.545   −19 −0.019 0.565 −0.043 0.589
Sao Tome & Principe 0.609 137 0.900 123 0.547 136   −10 +0.011 0.536   −25 −0.001 0.548 ... ...
Pakistan 0.560 152 0.747 163 0.547 136   −0.002 0.549   −15 −0.031 0.578 ... ...
Syria 0.549 154 0.795 160 0.547 136   −2 0.000 0.547   −24 −0.002 0.549 −0.001 0.548
Sudan 0.508 168 0.837 150 0.560 139   −2 −0.006 0.566   −3 −0.065 0.625 ... ...
Cameroon 0.563 150 0.869 141 0.566 140   +1 −0.006 0.572   −7 −0.057 0.623 −0.122 0.688
Togo 0.513 167 0.818 154 0.566 140   −2 −0.001 0.567   −11 −0.041 0.607 −0.097 0.663
Mozambique 0.446 180 0.901 122 0.569 142   −3 −0.001 0.570   −14 −0.036 0.605 −0.065 0.634
Afghanistan 0.496 170 0.723 164 0.575 143   +1 −0.015 0.590   −3 −0.090 0.665 ... ...
Angola 0.574 149 0.902 121 0.578 144   −2 −0.002 0.580 ... ... ... ... ...
Congo, Republic 0.609 138 0.931 112 0.579 145   −2 −0.001 0.580   −15 −0.034 0.613 −0.037 0.616
Swaziland 0.608 138 0.962 86 0.579 145   −5 +0.008 0.571   −26 +0.002 0.577 −0.085 0.664
Burkina Faso 0.434 182 0.875 137 0.612 147   −2 0.000 0.612   −15 −0.007 0.619 ... ...
Benin 0.520 163 0.883 133 0.613 148   −1 −0.001 0.614   −15 −0.010 0.623 −0.065 0.678
Malawi 0.485 172 0.930 113 0.615 149   −1 −0.003 0.618   −16 −0.008 0.623 −0.076 0.691
Mauritania 0.527 161 0.853 146 0.620 150   −4 +0.008 0.612   −12 −0.036 0.656 −0.135 0.755
Haiti 0.503 169 0.890 131 0.620 150   −1 −0.002 0.622 ... ... ... ... ...
Gambia 0.466 174 0.832 152 0.620 150   −0.005 0.625   −10 −0.045 0.665 −0.128 0.748
Sierra Leone 0.438 181 0.882 134 0.644 153   −2 −0.002 0.646   −13 −0.021 0.665 −0.052 0.696
Niger 0.377 189 0.298 166 0.647 154   −2 −0.002 0.649 ... ... ... −0.150 0.797
Liberia 0.465 176 0.899 125 0.651 155   −0.008 0.659   −16 −0.009 0.660 −0.039 0.690
Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.459 179 0.844 147 0.655 156   −3 0.000 0.655   −11 −0.024 0.679 ... ...
Ivory Coast 0.516 165 0.796 158 0.657 157   −3 −0.001 0.658   −12 −0.022 0.679 ... ...
Mali 0.427 184 0.807 155 0.676 158   −2 −0.001 0.677   −14 +0.007 0.669 −0.033 0.709
Central Africa 0.381 188 0.795 159 0.682 159   −2 −0.002 0.684   −11 −0.006 0.688 −0.028 0.710
Chad 0.401 187 0.774 162 0.701 160   −2 −0.009 0.710 ... ... ... ... ...
Papua New Guinea 0.543 155 ... ... 0.740 161   −2 −0.002 0.742   −18 +0.073 0.667 +0.074 0.666
Yemen 0.463 177 0.458 165 0.834 162   −2 −0.001 0.835   −13 +0.013 0.821 +0.016 0.818
162 UN members ø 0.731 93 0.941 101 0.439 100   −2 −0.003 0.442   −11 −0.034 0.473 −0.082 0.521
Country 2018 HDI rank GDI # GII rank Rank +/- +/- GII Rank +/- +/- GII +/- GII
comparison from 2017 from 2010 from 2000

Countries without GII

For the year 2018, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) was only able to calculate the "gender-specific inequality" (GII) for 162  UN member states - for 27 others, economic data was available for calculating their " Human Development Index " (HDI), partly also differentiated between women and men in the index of gender-specific development (GDI), but insufficient data on the 5  social indicators of the GII (compare 23 countries without GDI ):

Country 2018 comparison Maternal
death 		Youth
Mothers 		? seats in
parliament 		Secondary education Activity rate
HDI rank GDI # ? ? ? ?
Andorra 0.857 36 ... ... ... ... 32.1% 71.5% 73.3% ... ...
Antigua & Barbuda 0.776 74 ... ... ... 42.8 31.4% ... ... ... ...
Equatorial Guinea 0.588 144 ... ... 342 155.6 18.0% ... ... 55.2% 67.1%
Dominica 0.724 98 ... ... ... ... 25.0% ... ... ... ...
Djibouti 0.495 171 ... ... 229 18.8 26.2% ... ... 54.8% 71.1%
Eritrea 0.434 182 ... ... 501 52.6 22.0% ... ... 74.1% 87.1%
Grenada 0.763 78 ... ... 27 29.2 39.3% ... ... ... ...
Guinea 0.466 174 0.806 156 679 135.3 21.9% ... ... 64.1% 65.1%
Guinea-Bissau 0.461 178 ... ... 549 104.8 13.7% ... ... 67.3% 78.9%
Hong Kong 0.939 4th 0.963 83 ... 2.7 ... 76.6% 82.9% 54.1% 67.8%
Kiribati 0.623 132 ... ... 90 16.2 6.5% ... ... ... ...
Comoros 0.538 156 0.888 132 335 65.4 6.1% ... ... 37.4% 50.7%
Liechtenstein 0.917 18th ... ... ... ... 12.0% ... ... ... ...
Madagascar 0.521 162 0.946 96 353 109.6 19.6% ... ... 83.6% 89.3%
Marshall Islands 0.698 117 ... ... ... ... 9.1% 91.6% 92.5% ... ...
Micronesia 0.614 135 ... ... 100 13.9 0.0% ... ... ... ...
Nigeria 0.534 158 0.868 143 814 107.3 5.8% ... ... 50.6% 59.8%
East Timor 0.626 131 0.899 124 215 33.8 33.8% ... ... 25.0% 52.6%
Palau 0.814 55 ... ... ... ... 13.8% 96.9% 97.3% ... ...
Palestine 0.690 119 0.871 140 45 52.8 ... 60.0% 62.2% 19.3% 71.1%
Solomon Islands 0.557 153 ... ... 114 78.0 2.0% ... ... 62.4% 80.3%
Seychelles 0.801 62 ... ... ... 62.1 21.2% ... ... ... ...
St. Kitts and Nevis 0.777 73 ... ... ... ... 13.3% ... ... ... ...
St. Vincent & Gren. 0.728 94 ... ... 45 49.0 13.0% ... ... 57.3% 79.2%
South Sudan 0.413 186 0.839 149 789 62.0 26.6% ... ... 71.8% 74.3%
Turkmenistan 0.710 108 ... ... 42 24.4 24.8% ... ... 52.8% 78.0%
Vanuatu 0.597 141 ... ... 78 49.4 0.0% ... ... 61.5% 79.6%

For the following 10 states and territories, no suitable data was available for calculating the HDI, some of them are not members of the United Nations (UN):

  1. Kosovo - Republic on the Balkan Peninsula, not a UN member
  2. Monaco - European Principality
  3. Nauru - Pacific mini-state
  4. North Korea - isolated in terms of foreign policy, hardly any reliable data available
  5. San Marino - mini republic surrounded by Italy
  6. Taiwan (Republic of China) - not a UN member due to the Taiwan conflict
  7. Somalia - "failed state" in East Africa
  8. Tuvalu - Pacific mini-state
  9. Vatican City - not a UN member, the Vatican does not have its own education system
  10. Western Sahara - not a UN member, territory claimed and occupied by Morocco ( Western Sahara conflict )

See also

World Bank:

United Nations:

World Economic Forum:

CIA (World Factbook):

UNDP reports

United Nations Development Program (UNDP):

German Society for the United Nations (translations and summaries):

  • 2019: Human Development Report 2019. January 15, 2020 ( download page ).
  • 2018: Human Development: Facts and Figures 2018 - Statistical Update on the Human Development Report. Berlin, December 14, 2018, pp. 7–10: Gender inequality - reducing the gap in order to enable half of the world's population to participate more, and pp. 39–39: Table 4: Index of gender-specific development ( summary as PDF : 421 kB; download page ).
  • 2016: Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for All. Berlin, March 21, 2017 ( download page ).
  • 2015: Report on human development 2015. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-8305-3618-5 ( PDF: 9.3 MB, 328 pages at hdr.undp.org ).

literature

Web links

United Nations Development Program (UNDP):

GII indicators 1990–2018 ( data selection ):

Bertelsmann Foundation :

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 147–160: Chapter 4: Gender inequalities beyond averages: Between social norms and power imbalances, and pp. 316–319: Table 5: Gender Inequality Index (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
  2. ↑ World Economic Forum : The Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Cologny / Geneva, December 17, 2019, ISBN 978-2-940631-03-2 , p. 9: Table 1: The Global Gender Gap Index 2020 rankings , p. 75 : Austria , p. 169: Germany and p. 325: Switzerland (English; summary; interactive data explorer; PDF: 25 MB, 371 pages on weforum.org ).
  3. ↑ a b All individual values ​​of the three DA-CH countries: United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Germany, Austria, Switzerland. In: hdr.undp.org. As of October 2019; all accessed on January 6, 2020 (English; overview of all 189 UN countries ).
  4. ↑ a b c United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Gender Inequality Index (GII: 1995–2018). In: hdr.undp.org. Status: October 22, 2019, accessed on January 6, 2020 (English; alphabetically sorted interpolated online table based on the 2019 calculation method - may deviate from previously published results).
  5. ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2010 - The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. New York November 2010, ISBN 978-0-230-28445-6 , p. 89: Measuring gender inequality - the Gender Inequality Index (English; PDF: 13 MB, 238 pages at hdr.undp.org ); Quote: “Gender inequality remains a major barrier to human development. Girls and women have made major strides since 1990, but they have not yet gained gender equity. [...] Measures of the disadvantages for women raise awareness of problems, permit monitoring of progress towards gender equity objectives and keep governments accountable. "
  6. ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 147-160: Chapter 4: Gender inequalities beyond averages: Between social norms and power imbalances, here p. 147 (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 Pages on hdr.undp.org ); Quote: “Gender disparities remain among the most persistent forms of inequality across all countries. Given that these disadvantages affect half the world's people, gender inequality is arguably one of the greatest barriers to human development. All too often, women and girls are discriminated against in health, in education, at home and in the labor market - with negative repercussions for their freedoms. ".
  7. ^ Iñaki Permanyer: Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe? In: Social Indicators Research. Volume 110, No. 3, February 2013, online: December 6, 2011, pp. 927–950, here p. 940: Gender Inequality in Europe Using GII Variables (English; doi: 10.1007 / s11205-011-9975-6 ; PDF: 570 kB, 24 pages without page numbers on ced.uab.es ( Memento from June 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )); Quote: "UNDP's new Gender Inequality Index is an important contribution to the debate on gender inequality measurement. Introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report, the new index has been designed to overcome the many limitations of its predecessor: the GDI. "Note: The GDI mentioned here refers to the predecessor of the new GDI, which was then introduced in the 2014 UNDP report has been.
  8. ^ Iñaki Permanyer: Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe? In: Social Indicators Research. Volume 110, No. 3, February 2013, online: December 6, 2011, pp. 927–950, here p. 942: A New Gender Inequality Index (English; doi: 10.1007 / s11205-011-9975-6 ; PDF: 570 kB, 24 pages without page numbers on ced.uab.es ( Memento from June 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); Quote: "For these reasons, we propose to complement our analysis by constructing an alternative gender inequality index that incorporates the GII variables but that is constructed with a much simpler aggregation methodology."
  9. ↑ Stephan Klasen: Working Paper: UNDP's gender-related measures: Current problems and proposals for fixing them. February 2017, pp. 14–17: UNDP's Gender Inequality Index (English; PDF: 1.6 MB, 31 pages on econstor.eu ); Quote: "My summary assessment of the GII is that it is not an improvement at all and in fact represents a deterioration in many dimensions vis-à-vis the previous state of affairs, and certainly vis-à-vis reformed GDI and GEM measures discussed earlier. It mixes well-being and empowerment, levels of achievement and gender gaps, and is far too complex to be a [sic!] Usefully communicated and interpreted. "
  10. ↑ a b UNDP: Technical notes. December 2019, p. 1: Infographic, p. 7–9: Technical note 4: Gender Inequality Index (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ).