Institute for Research into the Jewish Question

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Viewing of Torah scrolls in the basement of the institute, July 6, 1945

The Institute for Research on the Jewish Question was a party-political institution of the NSDAP between 1939 and 1945 , which was officially opened in 1941 as the first branch of the “ High School ” of the party ideologist Alfred Rosenberg at Bockenheimer Landstrasse 68/70 in Frankfurt am Main . The purpose was to conduct “research on opponents” based on racial ideology for use in Nazi propaganda , in connection with the National Socialist murder program against Jews . The 40,000-volume Frankfurt Judaica and Hebraica collection planned as the basis for the library could ultimately be confiscated and stolen from archives and libraries in the occupied territories with the help of the robbery " Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg " , could no longer be transferred to the institute's library and remained at its original location, the Frankfurt City Library. The institute advertised the robbery library as "the largest of its kind in the world". In order to protect the stocks from bombs and fire, they were moved to Hungen from autumn 1943 . In March 1944, the institute's houses on Bockenheimer Landstrasse above the cellar burned down as a result of a bomb attack .

Despite extensive cooperation, it should not be confused with the Institute for the Study of the Jewish Question , since 1934, renamed Anti-Semitic Action in 1939 , and Anti-Jewish Action from 1942 ; or with the Institute for Researching and Eliminating the Jewish Influence on German Church Life , which was established at the instigation of German Christians .

Development process

Spin-off from the Reichsinstitut by Walter Frank

In August 1938 Wilhelm Grau , managing director of the “Research Department Jewish Question” in the “ Reich Institute for the History of New Germany ” under Walter Frank , received a visit from his friend Reinhold Lindemann , who in 1935 had risen to become dramaturge and press spokesman for the Frankfurt Municipal Theaters . The result of the conversation was that Lindermann sent a “report to the Lord Mayor about the establishment of an institute for research into the Jewish question in Frankfurt am Main” to Friedrich Krebs . Among other things, it reads: "In order to promote the cultural and scientific reputation of the Goethe city of Frankfurt aM, there seems to be a favorable opportunity at the moment to place the emphasis on scientific research on the Jewish question in Frankfurt aM."

About two months later there was a letter from the party educator Alfred Baeumler , head of the main science department in the Rosenberg office , in which he asked Grau "to leave the initiative to establish a new Jewish institute in this matter to the party and not to a state authority". Especially because Mayor Krebs did not want to follow the course suggested by the Rosenberg office, Grau initially got between the fronts of Krebs and Alfred Rosenberg. Krebs planned to get the Reich Ministry of the Interior on his side with Wilhelm Frick . The conversation held at the beginning of November 1938 between Krebs and Ministerialrat Hans Draeger from the Ministry of the Interior was unsuccessful. Among other things, Krebs noted that “it is of the opinion that there are enough offices in Germany that deal with the Jewish question”. This view was held just a few days before the November pogroms . A few days later the bureaucratic guidelines for the "solution of the Jewish question" were laid down.

Attempts were also made to get support from the “ Brown House ”. Grau wrote a letter hoping to get a new basis for further negotiations with the Ministry of the Interior and to fend off Walter Frank's resistance. At the beginning of November 1938 Ernst Schulte-Strathaus , head of Rudolf Heß's cultural department , confirmed to Grau that “such a special institute for dealing with the Jewish question would in no way affect the Frank Institute”. On November 9, 1938, Krebs also informed Hess in a letter that it had "always been close to his heart" to "make the rare library ... available for the intellectual and political struggle of National Socialism against Judaism". Krebs suggested the designation "Reich Institute for Research into Judaism". The city of Frankfurt was to act as the legal entity and “the Reich” as the donor. He also proposed Wilhelm Grau as the scientific director of the library, although he would be prepared to “work with the Reich Institute for the History of the New Germany”. Hess agreed, and Kurt Mayer , head of the Reich Department for Family Research in the Ministry of the Interior, welcomed the plans "warmly".

Joined Alfred Rosenberg's party university

The ongoing attempt by Walter Frank to mobilize the Ministry of the Interior against the cancer project failed. Hess sent his letter of November 9th to Martin Bormann on Obersalzberg, who passed it on to the Rosenberg office. The planned institute fell into the hands of the party: Between November 26 and 29, 1938, Gotthard Urban , head of staff at the Rosenberg office , had a conversation with Krebs in Frankfurt, after which Krebs made the following notes: “1.) High school is to be created, General Staff of the training of the NSDAP. 2.) Creation of the institute by the city. 3.) External institute of the HSch ? with legal and financial independence and the authority of the city to dispose of the library. 4.) To be available for research at any time. 5.) Financial resources through Rosenberg. 6.) Take over gray in the city service. 7.) If possible, amalgamation of the confiscated Jewish libraries in this institute. ”Unlike Grau, who did not like the care of the institute under the church enemy Rosenberg, Krebs was now confident and he saw“ an enormous development opportunity for the institute. In addition, if it is directly under the protection of the party, no one will dare to shake it. The activity can develop unchecked without Mr. Frank being able to cause difficulties through the Reich Ministry of the Interior. "

Walter Frank did not yet give up his fight against cancer and called in the Ministry of Science , headed by Bernhard Rust . On December 6, 1938, the latter sent his clerk Heinrich Harmjanz , accompanied by the Frankfurt historian Walter Platzhoff, to Krebs to present the Ministry's proposals. The orientalist Karl Georg Kuhn should be used instead of gray . On this condition, Frank would be willing to work with the Frankfurt Institute. And only in this way is a connection between the institute and the University of Frankfurt possible. Since the Office had not yet sent Rosenberg confirmation, Krebs initially wavered. Further visits by Urban on December 7th and by August Schirmer , head of the “Jewish and Freemason Questions” office in Rosenberg's office on December 10th, were also unsuccessful. On December 9th, Frank - meanwhile informed about Rosenberg's plans - took a punitive action against Grau. He informed him in writing that he had withdrawn the remaining research assignment and the remaining income. At the same time, he had his release circulated as a circular. In this predicament, Krebs initially put the municipal employment of the now urgent Grau, who started a lawsuit against Frank, on hold. Urban's announcement to Krebs followed on January 21, 1939, and Bormann's confirmation on January 31. On February 10, 1939, Bormann summarized the contract in a letter to Krebs in the following five points:

“1.) The existing library of works on Judaism in Frankfurt will be affiliated with the office of Reichsleiter Rosenberg with immediate effect. The property rights of the city of Frankfurt are not affected.

2.) The city of Frankfurt is providing a house in which the collection of Jewish works can be accommodated.
3.) As head of the library, the office of Reichsleiter Rosenberg is Dr. Gray envisaged. This is taken over by Reichsleiter Rosenberg and at the same time employed and paid by the city of Frankfurt. In consideration of the pending legal proceedings between Prof. Walter Frank and Dr. Grau will initially only conclude a short-term contract with him.
4.) The ongoing maintenance, addition and expansion of the library is taken over by the City of Frankfurt.

5.) The public declaration that the library has become part of the office of Reichsleiter Rosenberg will be made through them. "

After Krebs sent a copy with his signature to the Rosenberg Office in Berlin on April 15, 1939, Urban replied on April 21 - including Rosenberg's signature. Since a clerk from the Rosenberg office confused the planned costs for the high school with the costs for the Frankfurt Institute, the still missing signature of Reich Treasurer Franz Xaver Schwarz was delayed . This followed on June 26, 1939, the day the institute was founded.

Founding contracts of the institute: main and supplementary contract

The signed contract for the institute consisted of two parts, the main contract containing the "intellectual and political agreements" and the additional contract regulating "economic or procedural aspects". The main contract was written as follows:

" Piece 1

(1) The city combines the holdings of the Judaica and Hebraica collections into a library institute, which makes them available to the party for scientific and political evaluation.
(2) The library institute is and remains the exclusive property of the city. To complete this, the party will procure relevant works and collections, as far as they are available or accessible, and transmit them to the library institute. These works then become the property of the city, as do the works that the city acquires from its own resources or in any other way.
(3) The party gives a binding promise that the components of the aforementioned library institute will not be relocated either individually or as a whole from Frankfurt am Main, even if the branch or office mentioned in Part 2 is relocated.
(4) The head of the library institute is appointed by mutual agreement and taken over into the service of the city.
Item 2
(1) The party establishes a branch of the High School in Frankfurt am Main, which will be run as an office of the Rosenberg Office until it is founded.
(2) The task of the branch office of the high school is special research on the fundamentals of the Jewish question and the collection of scientific material for the purpose of political engagement. The party provides the employees necessary for this.

(3) The city's library institute is affiliated with the branch of the high school. The respective head of the library institute is a member of the party's staff. "

Since the city had committed itself in the supplementary contract to "provide suitable, city-owned or rented rooms or buildings", a building consisting of 59 rooms on 1156 m² should be located on Schwindstrasse 1 by June 1, 1939 at the latest in Frankfurt's Westend to be cleared for the institute. It became the first address of the "branch of the high school" and the "Judaica and Hebraica library of the city of Frankfurt aM", together the "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt aM". In the summer of 1939 the editorial staff of the anti-Semitic magazine Welt-Dienst , which Rosenberg had taken over from Ulrich Fleischhauer in 1937 , moved into the same building . The world service has now also been declared an “institute” and, in cooperation with the research institute, undertook the “educational work” - most recently in 16 European languages.

Official opening ceremony

The institute was opened in Frankfurt on March 26, 1941. In the lectures of the three-day opening event, the “death of the people” of the Jews was formulated as a goal. It was supposed to be achieved by “impoverishing European Jews in forced labor in huge camps in Poland”. Klaus Schickert formulated in his article on the Jewish laws in Southeast Europe: “Things are drifting towards their final solution with increasing speed.” And Alfred Rosenberg said in his speech: “ Richard Wagner's word : 'The Jew is the plastic demon of the decline of humanity ', shows the symbolism of the historical situation beyond anything accidental. "

Some lectures were published in the magazine "Der Weltkampf":

  • Alfred Rosenberg : National Socialism and Science
  • Wilhelm Grau : The historical attempts to solve the Jewish question
  • Wilhelm Grau: The Institute for Research into the Jewish Question
  • Giselher Wirsing : The Jewish question in the Middle East
  • Klaus Schickert : The emancipation of the Jews in Southeast Europe and its end
  • Peter-Heinz Seraphim : Population and economic policy problems of a European overall solution to the Jewish question
  • Walter Groß : The race-political prerequisites for solving the Jewish question
  • Alfred Rosenberg: The Jewish question as a world problem

"The world battle"

The anti-Semitic magazine Der Weltkampf. Rosenberg published a monthly for world politics, ethnic culture and the Jewish question of all countries since 1924. The publisher was called Deutscher Volksverlag , Dr. Boepple, Munich. The magazine was later acquired by the publishing house of the High School of the NSDAP and placed in the service of the “Institute for Research on the Jewish Question”. The previously monthly Hetzblatt became the quarterly organ. The editor was Peter-Heinz Seraphim until the beginning of 1943, and Klaus Schickert from issue 3/1943 . The editor was Ernst Graf zu Reventlow , well-known authors were Johann von Leers and Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch .

Examples of articles on the sheet were

  • 1928 (Issue 57, September) Alfred Rosenberg , The Triumph of the Highwayman or "The Marriage of Figaro"
  • 1937, vol. 14: Hans Hauptmann, Judas Delight in mass murders ; Otto Haug, Nietzsche and Judaism
  • 1938, vol. 15 Karl Springenschmid , Austria in the world struggle against supranational powers; Gotthard Urban , Judaism and Bolshevism in Czechoslovakia ; Fritz Arlt , The Subjugation of Gentiles. A program picture from the library of the Breslau Jewish lodges. At the same time a contribution to the psychology of Judaism.

From August 1924 to May 1928 Hermann Schneider published a bibliography on Judaism, divided into many booklets.

Collection point for pirated books

A “ Fuehrer's Decree ” of April 2, 1941 instructed Rosenberg to expand the local “Specialized Library on the Jewish Question”, set up “not only for Europe but for the world”. According to the order, "the material (...) unexpectedly much material", which the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) constantly stole from Jews and free confessional associations from defeated European countries, was "for research purposes" with regard to an "ideological, political and cultural reorganization of Europe End of the war "all of the high school. In total, there were over 550,000 books. About 300,000 of them arrived in Frankfurt, but only just under a tenth was cataloged. The Jewish books that were confiscated for the institute also included valuable manuscripts. The origin can be found in the following table:

Origin of the books as of April 1943 Number approx.
Library of the Alliance Israélite Universelle , Paris 400,000
Ecole Rabbinique, Paris 10,000
Library of the Fédération de Sociétés des Juifs de France 4,000
Jewish bookshop Lipschütz, Paris 20,000
Édouard Rothschild collection 6,000
Édouard and Guy Rothschild collection 3,000
Maurice Rothschild collection 6,000
Robert Rothschild Collection 10,000
Collection of the Rothschild family, Armainvillers 3,000
Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana , Amsterdam 20,000
Library of the Sephardic Jewish Community , Amsterdam 25,000
Book masses seized from the occupied eastern territories 280,000
Book collections from Jewish communities in Greece 100,000
Book material from a special campaign in the Rhineland 5,000
fed from various sides 100,000

development

Until the beginning of 1943 Wilhelm Grau was the director of the institute. Under him, 22 employees from the Rosenberg administrative area and six employees from the city of Frankfurt were employed in the institute. On January 26, 1943, Martin Bormann , with reference to a Führer decree of January 13, 1943, demanded that the "High School of the NSDAP" be closed by February 9, 1944. The Führer Decree V7 / 43 further restricted the indispensable position . On February 20, 1943, Rosenberg agreed to limit the operation of the branch offices to professors who did not need a UK position, and appointed Klaus Schickert as acting director of the institute; Schickert also took over the editing of the organ Der Weltkampf from Peter-Heinz Seraphim .

On March 22, 1944, as a result of an air raid, there was a fire in the building of the high school in Frankfurt.

A new building was planned according to plans by Hermann Giesler in Schützing, Prien am Chiemsee , where part of the looted property of the task force Reichsleiter Rosenberg was also brought.

At the end of 1941 a branch of the institute was founded in Litzmannstadt (Polish: Łódź ), Reichsgau Wartheland, "for special research into the Eastern Jewish question" and with a view of the Litzmannstadt ghetto in the northern city center. In the local press, readers were asked to send all kinds of "Jewish-related material" to the institute. Nothing is known about a practical activity of the branch.

literature

  • Hubert Schiel: The Frankfurt Dirmstein manuscripts. (The 7 wise masters / Salomon and Morolf) . City Library, Frankfurt am Main 1937.
  • Helmut Heiber : Walter Frank and his Reich Institute for the History of the New Germany (= sources and presentations on contemporary history 13, ISSN  0481-3545 ). Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1966.
  • Director of the library (ed.): Catalogs of the city and university library Frankfurt am Main. Part 5: The manuscripts of the City and University Library Frankfurt am Main. Volume 4: Birgit Weimann: The medieval manuscripts of the Manuscripta Germanica group . Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-465-01405-7 , Ms. Germ. Qu 12/13.
  • Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research into the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". History and Founding 1935-1939 (= job Fritz Bauer Institute . Study and Documentation Center on the History and Impact of the Holocaust 9). Workplace for the preparation of the Frankfurt Learning and Documentation Center of the Holocaust Fritz Bauer Institute in foundation, among others, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-88270-803-4 .
  • Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research into the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Anti-Semitism as a career springboard in the Nazi state . In: Fritz Bauer Institute (ed.): "Elimination of Jewish influence ...". Anti-Semitic research, elites and careers under National Socialism (= yearbook on the history and effects of the Holocaust 1998/99). Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1999, ISBN 3-593-36098-5 , pp. 43-71.
  • Nicolas Berg: The Holocaust and the West German Historians. Exploration and memory . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89244-610-5 .
  • Patricia von Papen-Bodek: Anti-jewish research of the Institute for Research on the Jewish Question or branch of the High School of the NSDAP in Frankfurt am Main. In: Lessons and legacies VI. New Currents in Holocaust Research . Northwestern University Press, Evanston IL 2004, ISBN 0-8101-1999-4 , pp. 155-189.
  • FJ Hoogewoud: The Institute for Research into the Jewish Question in Hungen, Upper Hesse (1943–1945): Pictures on the subject. In: Regine Dehmel (ed.): Jewish book possession as looted property: Second Hanover Symposium . Klostermann, 2006, ISBN 3-465-03448-1 , pp. 135-138.
  • Dirk Rupnow : Research on Jews . In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 3: He-Lu. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02503-6 , pp. 224-228.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Juliane Wetzel: Institute for Researching the Jewish Question. In: Wolfgang Benz u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of National Socialism . 5th, updated and exp. Ed., Dtv, Stuttgart 2007, p. 576, ISBN 978-3-423-34408-1 .
  2. ^ Jan Björn Potthast: The Jewish Central Museum of the SS in Prague. Opponent Research and Genocide under National Socialism. Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2002, pp. 167 ff., ISBN 3-593-37060-3 .
  3. ^ Jan Björn Potthast: The Jewish Central Museum of the SS in Prague. Opponent Research and Genocide under National Socialism. Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2002, p. 173.
  4. ↑ Fritz Bauer Institute (ed.): "Elimination of Jewish Influence ..." Anti-Semitic research, elites and careers under National Socialism. Frankfurt a. M. / New York 1999, p. 64, ISBN 3-593-36098-5 .
  5. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 27. (Source: Magistratsakte 6919/12 Vol. 1, Lindemann an Krebs, August 10, 1938.)
  6. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 28 f. (Source: Grau's letter to Krebs, October 23, 1938.)
  7. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 29. (Source: Krebs note of November 5, 1938.)
  8. ^ A b Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research into the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 41 ff.
  9. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 29 f. (Source: Grau's letter to Dr. Schlechta [Cultural Office], November 2, 1938.)
  10. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 30. (Source: Letter from Krebs to Heß, November 9, 1938.)
  11. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 31. (Source: Brief Grau to Krebs, November 21, 1938.)
  12. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 33. (Source: BA Koblenz, R1 / 62, memo Frank, November 24, 1938.)
  13. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 33 f. (Source: Mag.Akte 6919/12 Vol. 1, Cancer note, undated.)
  14. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 34. (Source: Mag.Akte 6919/12 Vol. 1, Letter from Krebs to Grau, December 1, 1939.)
  15. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 36. (Source: Mag.Akte 6919/12 vol. 1, letter from Frank to Grau, copy for cancer.)
  16. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main" . Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 38. (Source: Mag.Akte 6919/12 Vol. 1, Letter from Bormann to Krebs, February 10, 1939.)
  17. ^ A b c Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main" . Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 39 f.
  18. ↑ Dieter Schiefelbein: The "Institute for Research on the Jewish Question Frankfurt am Main". Frankfurt a. M. 1993, p. 39 f. (Source: Mag.Akte 6919/12 Vol. 1, main contract and additional contract between Frankfurt a. M. and NSDAP from April 15, 1939, version in one copy.)
  19. ↑ Article on this in Völkischer Beobachter as document VEJ 3/170 printed in: Andrea Löw (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933-1945 (source collection) Volume 3: German Reich and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, September 1939-September 1941 , Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-58524-7 , pp. 435–338.
  20. ^ Klaus Schickert: Weltkampf . The Jewish question in past and present, 1/2, April-September 1941, p. 42; Reinhard Bollmus, The Office Rosenberg and its opponents . Studies on the power struggle in the National Socialist system of rule, Munich 1970, p. 120. (Cited source: Speech at the opening of the Institute for Research on the Jewish Question, March 26, 1941, in: Weltkampf, Jg. 1941, issue 1/2, pp. 64–72 .) (2nd edition 2006, ISBN 3-486-54501-9 .)
  21. ↑ Quoted in Léon Poliakov / Josef Wulf: Das Third Reich und seine Denker , Munich / New York / London / Paris 1978, p. 142. (Cited source: “Das Archiv”, March 1941, pp. 1150–1153; cf. Document CXLIII - 305/306.)
  22. ↑ as Document VEJ 3/171 printed in: The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection) Volume 3: German Reich and Protectorate September 1939 - September 1941 (edited by Andrea Löw), Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-58524-7 , pp. 438-447.
  23. ^ Subtitle from 1924 "Monthly for the Jewish question in all countries". Subtitles in long form from 1926. Since 1937 at the latest, the subtitles have ended with "... in all of the world." until 18/1941. Then the subtitle "Scientific quarterly journal of the institute ... The High School." Is occupied, and the article in the upper title was omitted. From 1943 only: "Weltkampf. Wiss. Zeitschrift ..."
  24. ^ Paul-Heyse-Strasse 9 in Munich 2
  25. ↑ as the author in it: Research into the Jewish question in the southeast region . H. 1, Jan.-April 1944, pp. 1-8. Similar in his lemma. Archive material as a web link
  26. ↑ see also the previous section, the opening speeches in the WK
  27. ↑ further articles in 56, 1928; 65 and 69, 1929; 1-2, 1941 et al. ö. - List in online ( Memento from March 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 640 kB), search for "WK". Further art. Rosenbergs: [1] (PDF; 361 kB) and other authors. Investigation by Michael Mayer (historian)
  28. ↑ pp. 344-353. Author was explained with " Ludwigsburg "
  29. ↑ pp. 199-202.
  30. ↑ 3–5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 23, 27f., 31, 33f., 36f., 39f., 42f., 47, 51, 53 from an anti-Semitic perspective, titles have been listed since around 1850
  31. ↑ http://www.cavallerotti.de/assets/texte/projekte/mendelssohn/pdf/mendelssohn_essay.pdf
  32. ↑ Quoted from de Vriess, whose book "Sonderstab Musik" contains information on the high school.
  33. ↑ Document 171-PS in IMT: The Nuremberg Trial against the Major War Criminals . Reprint Munich 1989, vol. XXV (= document volume 1), pp. 242–246 = report from the Frankfurt a. M. of the high school of April 29, 1943 on the inventory and origin from confiscated property of the library for research into the Jewish question / see archive link ( memento of February 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (en)
  34. ^ Leon Poliakov and Josef Wulf: The Third Reich and the Jews - Documents and Articles , Verlag GmbH Berlin, 1955, 2nd edition, p. 27 ff.
  35. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of October 12, 2005
  36. ^ "Re: Fire of the high school, Frankfurt a. M. branch as a result of an air raid on March 22, 1944 — Behavior of the administrative organs" (Hungen, March 27, 1944), BAB, NS 8/266, fols. 62-72. http://hgs.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/390
  37. ^ Rosenbergs Raubgold bei Rosenheim: Archived copy ( Memento from May 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  38. ^ "Institute for Jewish Research in Litzmannstadt / A branch of the Frankfurt Institute / Submission of material very welcome". In: " Litzmannstädter Zeitung " of July 29, 1942.

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 7 ″  N , 8 ° 39 ′ 41 ″  E