Jewish community of Paderborn
The Jewish Community of Paderborn is a religious community in Paderborn that has existed since the Middle Ages . She is a member of the regional association of the Jewish communities of Westphalia-Lippe .
history
The development of the community under the prince-bishops
There were Jews in Paderborn as early as the Middle Ages . A document from 1342 shows that the stone house of Heinrich Rykenowe in Paderborn (near the former market church on today's Marienplatz) was inhabited by Jews.
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel forced the Jews of the bishopric to pay 30,000 thalers in 1622 . In the further course of the war there were riots against the Jews. In 1627 they complained about this to the sovereign, Prince-Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria , who had the culprits punished.
In 1648, a “Jewish predecessor” was mentioned in a document, which probably meant the community leader.
In 1661, Prince-Bishop Ferdinand von Fürstenberg elevated the Jewish community to a legal institution with authorized representatives of the Jews. The first authorized Jewish chief was Isaac Hertz.
The number of Jewish families in the entire Hochstift increased during this time: In 1652 there were 77 families, in 1671 there were 88 families and in 1704 158 families. The largest community with the chief rabbi , whose election had to be confirmed by the prince-bishop, was in Warburg .
In 1764 a synagogue in the city of Paderborn was mentioned for the first time, among other things with the request for a subsidy for maintenance to the prince-bishop.
The first Jewish cemetery in Paderborn was probably on Padergasse. In 1728 the community bought a plot of land on the Liboriberg as a cemetery.
Under Prussian administration
After Prussia took over the Paderborn Monastery in 1803 and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia was founded in 1806, all Jews had to adopt a family name in 1808. In 1812 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. and finally the “ Edict concerning the civil conditions of the Jews ”, through which after 1815 the Paderborn Jews were granted full equality as Prussian citizens.
From 1830 there was a Jewish burial site on Schulbrede and in 1836 a cemetery on Borchener Straße. The last burial took place here in 1893.
In 1881 a new large synagogue was built in the center of Paderborn in the street "Am Bogen" and inaugurated in 1882. A school building was attached to it. During this time, a new Jewish cemetery was set up on Warburger Strasse, where burials are still taking place today.
At the beginning of the 20th century there were 80 Jewish families with approx. 350 souls in Paderborn . There was a lively Jewish life, which was led for decades by the preacher Louis Weiler. Under his direction, religious instruction also took place in the Jewish school, which was attached to the synagogue. Weiler was retired in 1923 and David Cologne was his successor until his deportation . He was murdered by the National Socialists with his entire family .
The Jewish Provincial Orphanage for Westphalia and Rhineland, which was occupied by 80 to 100 pupils, was located at Leostraße 3. The management was initially in the hands of Paula Marx and later in the hands of her niece Liesel Dreyer. The teacher at this institution was Leo Rosenblatt .
All in all, it was a wealthy community that lived on the best of terms with its Christian neighbors and enjoyed a great reputation through generous donations and charity to the less well-off population. Jewish families ran several large department stores and industrial companies with centuries of tradition.
Destruction after 1933 and a new beginning
During the pogrom night on November 9, 1938, the synagogue was spared because the city fire chief Josef Böhle prevented the building from being set on fire. He justified this with the proximity to the neighboring hospital. It is thanks to this fact that the Jewish community in Paderborn still owns z. B. the Torah, since these and other religious objects could be brought to safety from the synagogue. It was not until November 10 that the synagogue was set on fire by National Socialist activists from the Bielefeld area. The city fire brigade was prevented from extinguishing the fire, but then prevailed after the dome collapsed and put out the fire.
Those who could still save went abroad. One of these was the lawyer who emigrated to the USA and lives in Los Angeles, Dr. Albert Rose, who was the first chairman of the synagogue community in Paderborn at the time. Those who stayed at home were deported.
Hermann Herzheim, the grandfather of the first chairman of the Paderborn Jewish community, K. Th. Herzheim, who was in office in 1959, is mentioned as a representative of the Jewish community at the time.
In 1945 one tried again to form a community. It was finally founded in 1953 as the Paderborn Jewish Kultusgemeinde, a corporation under public law , with its affiliated groups.
On November 29, 1959, the new building of a synagogue was inaugurated.
Community leader
- 1661 Isaac Hertz
- around 1882 Hermann Herzheim
- ???? - 1923 Louis Weiler
- 1923–1941 David Cologne
- around 1960 Karl Theodor Herzheim
- 2008 Tanja Rubens
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Paderborn and the Jews. jg-paderborn.de, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Our regional associations on site. Zentralratderjuden.de, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c About the communities in the Hochstift. jg-paderborn.de, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ The adoption of permanent family names for the Jews in Westphalia. (PDF 6.4 MB) lwl.org, January 23, 2017, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ The adoption of permanent family names for the Jews in Westphalia. heinrich-heine-denkmal.de, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e Synagogue. jg-paderborn.de, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Tanja Rubens: Resident in Paderborn, at home in the Jewish faith. pbams.de, July 24, 2011, accessed on July 10, 2018 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 42 ′ 49 " N , 8 ° 44 ′ 46.5" E
