Jakobikirche (Rostock)

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Rostock harbor with Jacobi Church around 1900
Rostock Jakobikirche around 1920 (south side with chapel extensions)
Mural of St. Jakobi in Friedhofsweg in Rostock
Interior view of the central nave before the destruction

The Jakobikirche of Rostock (spelling around 1900 also Jacobikirche ) was one of the four main churches and a landmark of the city. It stood between Apostelstrasse and Pädagogienstrasse and was the youngest of Rostock's four large parish churches. After being damaged in World War II, it was completely demolished by 1960, despite the fact that it could be rebuilt.

The city of Rostock originally consisted of three sub-cities, the old, middle and new town, in each of which both a market square and (at least) one church were built. The Jakobikirche was the parish church of Rostock Neustadt in the west.

There is evidence that a first brick yard in front of the Bramower Tor belonged to St. Jakobi around 1280 . Therefore, construction of the church is assumed to have started around 1300. After a long construction period, St. Jakobi was largely completed in the second half of the 14th century.

architecture

The Jakobikirche was a three- aisled brick basilica with a straight choir ending on Pedagogienstrasse. As a sign of the wealth and prestige of the Hanseatic city of Rostock, the church, which was built with concessions to the popular building feeling, was designed more splendidly than the three other Rostock main parish churches. A rectangular choir, bundle pillars, panel arrangements and 30  altars from the pre-Reformation period were part of the furnishings of this church. The triforium in the upper aisle is only present in the form of panels. The walkways in the area of ​​the aisles are an unusual element in the brick Gothic, but they can also be found in Rostock in the Petrikirche . The six- bay building was vaulted with ribs and had no transepts. The rectangular end of the choir is also unusual, but it is concealed by a polygonal end in the vault. Magnificent chapels were added to the south side in the late Gothic period . The rectangular end of the choir, the richly decorated wall elevation and the multiple profiled pillars have led to the assumption that influences from the English Gothic were at work; however, this has not been proven.

Spire

Similar to the Petri and Nikolaikirche , the Jakobikirche was originally crowned with a Gothic pointed helmet that collapsed in 1462. In 1589 the new, curved copper helmet was completed, which had two galleries. The steeple of the Jakobikirche was destroyed in the British bombing in late April 1942.

Cathedral Collegiate Foundation St. Jakobi

Main article: Rostock cathedral feud

Between 1484 and 1571, St. Jakobi was a cathedral collegiate monastery . The appointment, which was arranged by Pope Innocent VIII , did not end bloodlessly, because the urban interests clashed strongly with those of the Mecklenburg sovereigns. As a result, it came to the cathedral feud in 1486 , which ended with the defeat of Rostock in 1491 and the execution of the ringleaders. Rostock was banned from church in 1487, after which the university had to leave the city. A year later, however, she returned to the city. The Rostock early humanist Hinrich Boger processed the feud in one of his poems and then became cathedral dean and pastor at St. Jakobi himself.

History in the 20th century

Time of the Second World War

Remains of the choir of the Jakobikirche 1949

Large parts of the Jacobi Church were destroyed in the British bombing raids on April 26, 1942. The tower massif burned out completely and the interior fittings, including the Renaissance pulpit from 1582 designed by Rudolf Stockmann , the crucifix from the 15th century, the epitaphs from the 16th century and many paintings, were lost forever. The roof structure was destroyed, the vault damaged, but it did not collapse, as happened with St. Petri and St. Nikolai . The Gothic Jakobikirchhäuser to the north of the church on the street near the Jakobikirche were also destroyed . In 1943 the ruins of St. Jakobi were statically secured against collapse and provided with an emergency roof.

post war period

In May 1947, after a ruthless demolition of the neighboring large air-raid shelter "Blücher" on Langen Strasse by the Soviet occupying forces, the nave with its pillars and vaults collapsed. The southern chapel extensions and large parts of the aisle walls were also badly affected. The massive tower as well as the remains of the choir and the side walls remained in ruins for a long time. Reconstruction or at least securing stood in contrast to the "socialist redesign" of the city center that had been carried out since 1953. A church ruin in the immediate vicinity of Lange Strasse, which was supposed to demonstrate the new socialist Rostock, was incompatible with this. In 1957 the remains of the aisle, in 1959 the choir complex and in 1960 the tower stump were torn down or blown up. The former square of the church was officially known as the “ Klaus-Störtebeker- Platz” location for snack bars. There was no renewed development during the GDR era.

Jakobikirchplatz today (view to the east, with the spire of the Marienkirche)

Today a memorial place between Apostelstraße , near the Jakobikirche and Pädagogienstraße reminds of the huge building of St. Jakobi. The colonnades on the north side illustrate the height of the former north aisle. A preserved tombstone from the Jakobikirche has been erected on the northwest corner of the complex. The floor plan of the church is also set in stone in the ground, bronze plates in the earth refer to the former location of the organ, the altar, the prince's chair and the portals. They come from the workshop of Fittkau Metallbau und Kunstschmiede in Berlin.

Clergy

After the Reformation, three clergymen officiated at St. Jakobi. Up until the 19th century, these were designated as deacon, archdeacon and (main) pastor. As a rule, the deacon moved up to the vacated position of the archdeacon and the latter to the position of the pastor.

Organists (selection)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Arno Krause: Rostock (city district). In: Götz Eckardt (ed.): Fates of German architectural monuments in the Second World War. Volume 1. Henschel-Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 59-61.
  2. ↑ Jakobikirchplatz Rostock. at: fittkau-metallbau.de , accessed on February 19, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Jakobikirche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 5 '21.2 "  N , 12 ° 7' 55.6"  E