Rostock city harbor
The Rostock city harbor is the part of the harbor that lies on the southern bank of the Unterwarnow, north of the historic old town of the Hanseatic city of Rostock .
history
In the Middle Ages and the early modern period , the city's trade and traffic were geared towards the port. This is shown, among other things, by the fact that more gates of the Rostock city fortifications led to the port than to the Mecklenburg hinterland. In front of seven of these twelve “beach gates” there was a merchant's bridge ( landing stage ).
Of great importance for the Hanseatic trade Rostock were Riga driver and the herring trade of Schonenfahrer on the Scanian fair on the peninsula Skanör-Falsterbo in Skåne , where Rostock own Vitte entertained. With regard to trade with Norway, the Rostock Wieck drivers, in contrast to the Lübeck Bergen drivers, did not concentrate so much on the Bryggen office in Bergen , but on the control of the branches (factories) in Oslo and Tønsberg . The Gotland trip to Visby was initially of great importance, while the connections to the Hansekontor in Bruges and the London Stalhof in the west and the Peterhof in Novgorod in the east were less pronounced . Rostock's main export at the time of the Hanseatic League and in the early modern period was beer . With the decline of the Hanseatic League, the relocation of world trade to the Atlantic and a devastating city fire in 1677 , the Rostock port lost its importance.
When the English navigation file was dropped in 1850 , Rostock shipping experienced a second boom. The 24,156 tonnage loads in 1850 doubled by 1870. In 1877, Rostock was home to 369 ships, the largest merchant fleet in the Baltic region . From 1855 the port of Rostock was connected to the railway network by the Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn with a port railway . The Neptun shipyard was also founded in 1850 , and in 1851 it built Germany's first iron screw steamer , the "Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz". In the course of industrialization from the middle of the 19th century, the beach wharfs and the fishing port gave way, the beach gates were torn down except for the monk's gate .
Around 1910 the western part of the city harbor below the fisherman's bastion was expanded and the fairway deepened from 4.5 to 6 meters. The quay was paved over a length of three kilometers , and 100 hectares of industrial land were created. As early as 1885, the port railway of the Lloydbahn was put into operation here. Agricultural products from Mecklenburg in particular were exported, including British coal . Several striking, brick- clad, modern reinforced concrete silos were built in the 1930s, two of which are still standing today. Together with modern office buildings built in the style of the silos, they shape the image of the eastern port area. In 1938 the turnover was 363,000 tons.
After the division of Germany, Rostock was developed into the central transshipment point for sea trade in the GDR . In 1960, the Rostock overseas port was rebuilt in Petersdorf, a town on southern Breitling , east of the Warnow , and a fishing port was set up in Marienehe . The importance of the old city port for maritime traffic decreased significantly. Only coal and grain handling with smaller ships and military transports of the Soviet armed forces were handled here until 1989. Nevertheless, the city port, like the overseas port, was still a border and restricted area and was therefore shielded from the city with large fences; private individuals were not allowed to enter it.
The city harbor today
The area of the city harbor was freed from port facilities in 1991 and gradually converted into a strolling mile with restaurants, clubs, theaters and retail stores, including in the area of ship accessories. The infrastructure was comprehensively renewed. Two gantry cranes from the 1960s and a bridge crane from the 1950s on the Haedgeh Peninsula are evidence of the handling technology of bygone days . In the Haedgehafen there are some small museum ships that are still ready to sail .
Today the berths are used for work boats , small to medium-sized passenger ships , river boats , local and local transport and for yachts . The maximum permissible draft is 6.4 meters.
Port crane
A replica of a port crane from 1780, which was built in 1997 and repaired again in 2008, is located in Rostock's city harbor. The original crane was sold and demolished in 1867. With this type of crane , loads are lifted by rolling a rope onto the axle drum of a treadmill , often also a pair of wheels . The ancient Romans already knew this technique. The replica of such a Roman crane is in Bonn-Castell . This lifting technique was widespread on the Rhine and its tributaries in the 11th to 13th centuries. Here, however, the basic housing of the crane, which served as a support and bearing for the jib, was made of masonry. Such a pedal crane, The Old Krahnen , is still on the Rhine near Andernach. From the 13th to the 16th centuries, cranes were primarily made entirely of wood, like the Rostock crane. The Rostock harbor crane was the last new building of its kind. The industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries replaced lifting technology with newly developed, more effective methods.
This crane was not primarily used for loading and unloading ships. Mainly it was used to erect the masts of the briggs that were built in Rostock until the 1880s.
Together with Warnemünde , the city harbor is the scene of the Rostock Hansesail , which takes place every year in August . In the commercial buildings built in the style of the old warehouses at the eastern end of the city port, the Deutsche Seereederei , among others, has office space. The cruise company AIDA Cruises also has its German headquarters here in the Rostock city harbor. Stage 602 is one of the cultural venues and is used by the Compagnie de Comédie . A venue for the Volkstheater ( theater in the city harbor ) was given up in 2014.
The city port got into international coverage when riots broke out in the city port on June 2, 2007 at the closing rally of a large-scale demonstration for the G8 summit in Heiligendamm 2007 .
Federal Garden Show 2025
In 2018, the city of Rostock was awarded the contract to host the Federal Garden Show 2025 . This is to develop the so-called "Rostock Oval" around the Unterwarnow at the city harbor, in Dierkow and in Gehlsdorf in terms of urban development. Part of the plans are a new building for the Volkstheater, which has been wrestled over for years, as well as the planned State Archaeological Museum , both of which are to be located in the city harbor. A Warnow bridge for pedestrians and cyclists is to connect the northern old town and the Gehlsdorfer Ufer north of the Warnow.
See also
literature
- Harald Hückstädt, Erik Larsen, Reinhart Schmelzkopf, Hans-Günther Wentzel: From Rostock to See. The history of Rostock steam shipping from 1850 to 1945 . 1st edition. Oceanum Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86927-074-6
- Reinhard Kramer: The city harbor . In: Monuments and legacy of Rostock's technical history . Redieck & Schade, Rostock 1995, ISBN 3-929544-02-4 , pp. 41-43.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Kramer, p. 41.
- ↑ Kramer, p. 42.
- ↑ ndr.de: BUGA 2025 comes to Rostock , August 29, 2018
- ↑ ndr.de: Rostock officially handed over the BUGA application , July 26, 2018
Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 36 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 22 ″ E