Joanico da Costa

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Joanico Césario da Costa or Juaniku (* around 1963 in Bahu , Baucau , Portuguese Timor ; also Joanico Césario Belo ) is a non-commissioned officer (sergeant) of the Indonesian special unit Kopassus .

In his childhood he was an assistant in the Indonesian military (TBO) in occupied East Timor. Joanico later became deputy leader of the pro- Indonesian militia ( Wanra ) Saka (or Sera), founded in 1983 and operating from its base in Sorulai in the Baucau district . When the Saka boss was killed in 1994, Joanico moved up. In the context of the independence referendum in East Timor in 1999 , the militia threatened independence advocates. In addition, Joanico was head of the East Timor Integration Fighters Force (PPI) in Sector A (Baucau, Manatuto , Lospalos and Viqueque ).

Saka is blamed for several murders and the burning of buildings, but thanks to Joanico he was considered to be rather moderate. The militia are said to have only been involved in the wave of violence in 1999 to a limited extent . Joanico then fled to Kupang, Indonesia . In March 2000, Joanico tried to return to his homeland. Dropped by the Indonesian military, he revealed to foreign journalists in October 2000 that 200 of his militiamen had been trained by Kopassus in Aileu and Cijantung ( West Java ). In 2003, Joanico was tried in absentia for the crimes of the militia before the Special Panels for Serious Crimes (SPSC) in Dili .

Joanico is also said to have been involved in the capture of East Timorese guerrilla leader Xanana Gusmão in 1992.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c SPECIAL PANEL FOR SERIOUS CRIMES: Indictment Case 33/2003 , October 7, 2003 , accessed on August 4, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b "Chapter 7.2 Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances" , p. 246 (PDF; 2.5 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  3. ↑ a b c d Hamish McDonald, Desmond Ball, James Dunn , Gerry van Klinken, David Bourchier, Douglas Kammen, Richard Tanter: Masters of Terror , ANU 2002 , accessed August 5, 2019.
  4. ↑ John Braithwaite, Hilary Charlesworth, Adérito Soares : Networked Governance of Freedom and Tyranny: Peace in Timor-Leste , p. 100 , ANU press 2012.
  5. ↑ a b c "Part 3: The History of the Conflict" , p. 128 (PDF; 1.4 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  6. ^ Child Soldiers Global Report 2001 - East Timor , accessed August 4, 2019.
  7. ^ The Australian: Torment of Timor's Damned , November 16, 1999 , accessed August 4, 2019.
  8. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Backgrounder: The Indonesian Army and Civilian Militias in East Timor April 1999 , accessed August 4, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Costa, Joanico there
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Costa, Joanico Césario da (full name); Juaniku; Belo, Joanico Césario (alternative name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Indonesian NCO and East Timorese militiaman
DATE OF BIRTH around 1963
PLACE OF BIRTH Bahu , Baucau , Portuguese Timor