John Gaddum

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Wilhelm Feldberg, Henry Dale and John Gaddum (Gaddum on the right in the picture)

Sir John Henry Gaddum , KBE (born March 31, 1900 in Hale (Cheshire) , England , † June 30, 1965 ) was a British physiologist and pharmacologist . He was a professor at Cairo University , University College London , London College of the Pharmaceutical Society and Edinburgh University and head of the Institute of Animal Physiology at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge . His scientific merits include the description of the laws governing the complex interaction of agonists and antagonists with a receptor ( Gaddum's equation ), the discovery of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and the discovery of different serotonin receptors as the cause of the diverse effects of the body's own messenger substance serotonin .

Career

John Gaddum was the oldest child of Henry and Phyllis Gaddum. He attended "Miss Wallace's Day School" in Bowdon , then Cheshire and later the "Moorland House School" in Heswall . From 1913 to 1919 he attended rugby school . He then attended Trinity College in Cambridge to study mathematics and physiology . He then completed a medical degree at University College London in 1925.

He wrote his first scientific work under the direction of John William Trevan . Based on the results of this work, John Gaddum later set up the Gaddum equation named after him. From 1927 to 1933 he worked in the research group of the later Nobel Prize winner Henry Dale at the National Institute for Medical Research . During these years he and Ulf von Euler discovered the substance P and the neurotransmitter function of acetylcholine. During this time he married Iris Mary Harmer. In 1934 he accepted a position as a professor at Cairo University. In 1935 he moved back to University College London and three years later he accepted the chair of pharmacology at the College of the Pharmaceutical Society in London. After the outbreak of World War II , he worked at Porton Down , a military research facility, and after joining the Army, he held the rank of Temporary Lieutenant-Colonel . In 1942 he accepted the chair of the Materia Medica in Edinburgh, which he held until 1958. During this time he was particularly concerned with researching the pharmacology of serotonin and LSD and did not shy away from self-experiments. In 1957 he discovered that the various effects of serotonin are mediated by various serotonin receptors. For the last years of his life, from 1958 to 1965, John Gaddum was the director of the Institute of Animal Physiology at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge.

Awards and honors

Since March 1, 1943 he was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . In March 1945 he was awarded the title "Fellow of the Royal Society" (FRS) by the Royal Society . A year before his death, John Gaddum was made Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). In 1962 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1965 the University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary doctorate .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gaddum JH: The quantitative effects of antagonistic drugs . In: J. Physiol. . 89, August, pp. 7P-9P.
  2. ↑ by Euler US, Gaddum JH: An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts . In: J. Physiol. (Lond.) . 72, No. 1, June 1931, pp. 74-87. PMID 16994201 . PMC 1403098 (free full text).
  3. ↑ by Euler US, Gaddum JH: Pseudomotor contractures after degeneration of the facial nerve . In: J. Physiol. (Lond.) . 73, No. 1, September 1931, pp. 54-66. PMID 16994228 . PMC 1394399 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Pohancenik R .: Pharmacology and was: the papers of Sir John Henry Gaddum (1900-65) . In: Notes Rec. R. Soc. . 61, No. 3, 2007, ISSN  1743-0178 , pp. 347-348. doi : 10.1098 / rsnr.2007.0186 .
  5. ↑ Gaddum JH, Picarelli ZP: Two kinds of tryptamine receptor . In: Br J Pharmacol Chemother . 12, No. 3, September 1957, pp. 323-8. PMID 13460238 . PMC 1509685 (free full text).
  6. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 6, 2019 .
  7. ↑ entry on Gaddum; Sir; John Henry (1900-1965); Physiologist in the Archives of the Royal Society , London

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Gaddum, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gaddum, John Henry (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British pharmacologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 31, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Hale (Cheshire)
DATE OF DEATH June 30, 1965