Young Poland
Young Poland ( Polish Młoda Polska ) is the name for a direction of modernism in Polish literature , music and art . The Young Poles existed as a group of artists in 1890 to 1918th
The term Young Poland was introduced in 1898 by the literary critic Artur Górski (1870–1959). In a programmatic manifesto, Górski criticized the current of literary Polish positivism in Poland that had become influential after the suppression of the January uprising of 1863 and contrasted it with a literary program by young artists.
This culturally pessimistic artistic and literary counter-movement against Polish positivism had been preparing for some time in Krakow . The city and its surroundings had lost the status of a free state granted in 1815 again in 1846 and Krakow had become a provincial town as part of the backward Austrian Galicia. In the course of the liberalization and modernization of the Habsburg monarchy, however, Polish cultural life developed there as early as the late 1860s. The neighboring Zakopane , as the residence and summer retreat of many artists, also played a part in this development.
The dynamic Young Poland movement, which had also spread to other parts of Poland since 1890, was shaped by tendencies towards decadence and borrowings from Neo-Romanticism , Symbolism, Impressionism and the Secession . The literary critic Kazimierz Wyka characterizes the prevailing mood literature in this phase as “pessimism, melancholy, lack of will, powerlessness, disintegration of ideals and values, philosophical disbelief, passivity”.
Representative
writer
Wacław Berent , Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński , Jan Kasprowicz , January Augustyn Kisielewski , Antoni Lange , January Lemański , Bolesław Leśmian , Tadeusz Miciński , Andrzej Niemojewski , Franciszek Nowicki , Artur Oppman , Władysław Orkan , Włodzimierz Perzynski , Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer , Zenon Przesmycki , Stanisław Przybyszewski , Wacław Sieroszewski , Leopold Staff , Władysław Reymont , Tadeusz Rittner , Maryla Wolska
The Norwegian writer Dagny Juel- Przybyszewska, wife of Stanisław Przybyszewski, is also seen as a representative of the movement.
painter
Olga Boznańska , Artur Górski , Jacek Malczewski , Józef Mehoffer , Józef Pankiewicz , Władysław Podkowiński , Kazimierz Sichulski , Władysław Ślewiński , Leon Wyczółkowski
Musician
Grzegorz Fitelberg , Mieczysław Karłowicz , Ludomir Różycki , Karol Szymanowski
Others
Ludwik Krzywicki (scientist, socialist publicist), Stanisław Wyspiański (painter, designer, playwright), Stanisław Witkiewicz (writer, photographer, philosopher)
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Dedecius (Ed.): Epilogue to: Polish prose. Hanser, Munich 1969, p. 694.