Oslebshausen correctional facility

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Oslebshausen correctional facility
JVA with main building, entrance and chapel from 1874
Information about the institution
Surname Oslebshausen correctional facility
Reference year 1874
Detention places 724
Employee 370

The correctional facility Oslebshausen , formerly the correctional facility Oslebshausen , is part of the correctional facility in Bremen . It was built in the Bremen district of Gröpelingen , Oslebshausen , Sonnemannstrasse 1-7 since 1871 .

history

Main building of the prison
Director's residence from 1890
Entrance to the former Blockland juvenile prison
Inspectors and teachers house from 1890
Preacher's house from 1891
Dairy from 1874
One of the official residences from 1874 or 1878
JVA Blockland

The building group

Foundation phase

The Oslebshausen prison has been built continuously since 1871 in the period of historicism in the neo-Gothic style. The red stone-sighted buildings from 1871 to 1874 corresponded to the plans of the architect and construction director Alexander Schröder . The construction manager was the architect and construction inspector Johannes Rippe . The institution was popularly known as Rotenburg because of the red brick facade . The prison wings were built according to the single cell system, which are located on wide, long central corridors. In the basement there were utility and work rooms. The penitentiary and prison cells were in separate wings. In between there were administrative and sick rooms. Initially there were two courtyards for the prisoners. The chapel was in the middle of the complex.

The listed building group at Sonnemannstrasse 1 to 7 includes the director's house from 1890, the main building of the penal institution from 1871/74 (renovation 1881), the new prison from 1913/14 from the building inspection, the commercial and kitchen building from 1926, the inspectors and teacher house of about 1890, the dairy farm of 1874, the women's prison (also women institution called) by 1883/85 (tag 1949), the minister home of 1891 by Heinrich wing and the inspector's house from the 1890th

The fourteen civil servants' houses (from 1871–1874, other sources 1878) by Alexander Schröder and Johann Rippe are located on Kammerberg 8 to 22. These houses have been privatized for a long time.

The number of inmates increased sharply. The wings were therefore lengthened and raised between 1880 and 1883. From 1889 to 1894 (other sources 1885) the women’s prison with prison and penitentiary wing was built.

Further expansion and renovation

From 1912 to 1914 a new penitentiary was built, today the pre-trial detention department, which has remained architecturally incomplete due to the First World War .

After 1945, the war damage was repaired, various buildings were renovated, additional workshops were built, the administration wing House IV was renewed and in 1950 the single-storey farm building from 1906 was converted into Werkhaus I with two floors and the hospital expanded in 1951. The rebuilding of the locksmith's shop, Werkhaus II, rooms for painting and the barn for the farm were added by 1954/55.

In 1968 the Blockland juvenile detention center was built . In 2004 the Blockland location was given up.

In 1970/71 the historic entrance gate was torn down and a new gatehouse was built. From 1976 to 1979, a house for the open prison was built outside the prison at the Fuchsberg site .

In 2004, the women's prison was integrated in the blockland in the open institution on Fuchsberg.

Monument protection

In 1993 the Oslebshausen prison was listed as a historical monument .

The prison

founding

The Oslebshausen prison was inaugurated on February 5, 1874, initially with 100 prison places, 50 each for men and 50 for women in the usual individual accommodation. Very soon the detention places were insufficient, so that the large buildings I + II were extended and raised. In the following years, a penal institution (JVA) developed at this location for the execution of pre-trial detention , youth sentences and youth arrest as well as prison and penal sentences for men and women. Some prisoners were u. a. housed in the workhouse from 1831, on the site of the former fortress Auf der Herrlichkeit / Teerhof , until 1922. Around 1900 there was room for 368 prisoners in Oslebshausen. Commercial work was and is being carried out in the institution.

Executions

Until 1914, only one execution with the guillotine , that of the murderer E. Pohl, took place in 1908 . The last execution before that was that of Gesche Gottfried on the Domshof in 1831 . 1922 was the last execution in Oslebshausen, that of the robbery murderer W. Engel. In the era of National Socialism executions were carried out in general in Hamburg.

Early 20th century

Towards the end of the First World War , the number of prisoners increased sharply. On November 6, 1918, 200 mutinous marines from Wilhelmshaven were housed here and released on November 8. In 1918/19 political prisoners and foreigners were released. The new director was Emil Sonnemann (SPD) in 1919 , who advocated humane penal systems . A prisoners' council was formed. In 1931, the northern German states of Braunschweig , Bremen, Hamburg , Lübeck and Oldenburg signed a contract to jointly manage their prisons. Oslebshausen was now the penitentiary for the felons of these countries, with a small prison section.

Nazi era, later commemoration

After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933 Sun man was deposed and the SA leader Werner Wegener his successor. He designed the prison system according to the ideas of the Nazis: deterrence and discipline instead of reintegration. The number of political prisoners increased significantly. Many prisoners were sent to satellite camps such as the Emsland camps . From 1938 onwards, Jews were also housed; in 1939 there were 54. During the Second World War , prisoners had to work building bunkers. They were accommodated in the barrack camp on site.

During the so-called Reichspogromnacht from November 9th to 10th, 1938, violence against Jewish citizens , organized and directed by the National Socialist regime , took place in Bremen . Shortly after the Reichspogromnacht, the overwhelming majority of male Jews from Bremen were first rounded up and then deported to various concentration camps . 162 of them, Jewish men and boys between the ages of 16 and 60, had to go from a collection point in the city center to the then so-called Bremen penitentiary ("Bremen prison") in Oslebshausen under the watchful eye of SA men in the early morning of 10 November march. The following day they were transported by train to Sachsenhausen concentration camp .

On the occasion of the 50th  anniversary of the so-called Reichspogromnacht, a memorial stone was inaugurated on November 10, 1988 as the conclusion of a previous memorial march opposite the main entrance of the Oslebshausen prison in a strip of green at Sonnemannstrasse 2 , which commemorates the deportation of male Jews from Bremen to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp as well as the destruction of Judaism and its people by the National Socialists.

Post-war period, further 20th century

In 1945 the penal facility, which had not been completely destroyed, was taken over by the British and then the US occupying forces . Sonnemann was reinstated as director and the political prisoners released. The number of inmates decreased from 1,280 to around 630.

Until 1952, also were in the prison Oslebshausen assurance caveats enforced. From 1952 onwards, prison sentences in Hamburg were carried out in the Fuhlsbüttel correctional facility . The prison sentence was abolished in 1969 as part of the major penal reform. According to an administrative agreement of 1972 between Hamburg and Bremen, prisoners from Bremen with custodial sentences from four years of age as well as women in Fuhlsbüttel and prisoners from Hamburg with shorter sentences were accommodated in the regular prison system in Bremen.

In 1968 the young people moved to the new juvenile prison in the nearby Bremen Blockland . In 1978, a house on Am Fuchsberg , which was outside this prison , was opened to the public.

In 1967 there were 293 civil servant posts, 270 of them in the supervisory service and 23 in the works service. After the new juvenile detention center was occupied, the number of posts for both institutions increased to 316 posts.

21st century

In 2000, an expert determined that the prison organization was inadequate. The construction of a new prison in the blockland for 350 prisoners was controversial. The Blockland JVA was closed in 2004.

Since 2012, the JVA has had a new central building according to plans by Jörg Schneider (GSP) to bundle central functions such as the security center, administration, visitor area, transport and health station as well as a hundred new prison places.

organization

In the 1970s / 80s, the penal system was divided into the penal system in Sonnemannstrasse and the

  • Oslebshausen prison or Oslebshausen prison for men and women on Sonnemannstrasse,
  • Blockland juvenile prison on Carl-Krohne- Strasse,
  • Remand prison in Bremen on Ostertorstrasse,
  • Juvenile detention center Lesum ,
  • JVA Am Fuchsberg for open enforcement (free time)
  • JVA Bremerhaven on Nordstrasse in Lehe
  • Bremen-Blumenthal prison (temporarily).

At the end of the 1990s, the Oslebshausen JVA , the Blockland juvenile prison , the Carl-Krohne-Strasse short-term prison , the Am Fuchsberg JVA and the Bremerhaven JVA were combined to form the JVA Bremen with the general prison service departments and the sub-institutions I to VII.

Current

The correctional facility in Bremen has three locations: Sonnemannstrasse, Am Fuchsberg in Bremen and Nordstrasse in Bremerhaven. There are currently 370 employees in the Bremen prison. Imprisonment sentences of up to eight years are currently being carried out in the Oslebshausen detention area. Today there are around 500 inmates in total. The penal areas men, young people and prisoners on remand are differentiated in size and tasks and are strictly separated. (As of 2011/12)

The prison department for open prison and women’s prison at the Am Fuchsberg site has 120 places of detention, 48 of which are for female inmates, of which 42 places in closed women’s prison. (As of 2011/12)

The Bremen Criminal Care Association since 1837 advises and supports adults who have committed criminal offenses , imprisoned and released adults, their relatives and friends.

Directors, prison or prison directors

  • Emil Sonnemann (1869–1950), pedagogue and writer, director of the Oslebshausen JVA (1919–1933, 1945–1950) promoter of humane penal systems
  • Dr. Schlingmann, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1950–1957)
  • Edmund Duckwitz, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1950–1959)
  • Wolfgang Knigge, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1959–1974)
  • Erhard Hoffmann, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1974–1988)
  • Hans-Henning Hoff, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1988–1997)
  • Dr. Ines-Ursula Kalisch, head of the Oslebshausen prison (1997-2000)
  • Dr. Manfred Otto, Head of JVA Bremen (2000–2007)
  • Silke Hoppe, Head of the JVA Bremen (2007-2010)
  • Carsten Bauer, Head of the JVA Bremen (since 2010).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The times given by the Monument Authority and the JVA as sources differ in part.
  2. ↑ Monument database of the LfD Bremen
  3. ↑ Erika Thies: Silence and maybe shame. Jewish pogrom 50 years ago: nowhere else as many dead as in Bremen . In: Weser courier . Bremen November 9, 1988, p. 20 .
  4. ↑ a b (ts.): Once again on the path of terror. Memorial passage commemorates the suffering of Bremen Jews . In: Weser courier . Bremen November 11, 1988, p. 13 .
  5. ↑ Memorial stone for the deportation of male Jews to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp after the Reichspogromnacht on November 9, 1938. In: kunst-im-oefflichen-raum-bremen.de. Senator for Culture Bremen , accessed on February 1, 2019 .

Literature, sources

Web links

Coordinates: 53 ° 7 ′ 46.6 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 48.3 ″  E