Kürnbach

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Kürnbach (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 5 '  N , 8 ° 51'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Karlsruhe
Height :	213 m above sea level NHN
Area :	12.67 km 2
Residents:	2335 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	184 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	75057
Area code :	07258
License plate :	KA
Community key :	08 2 15 040
Address of the municipal administration:	Marktplatz 12 75057 Kürnbach
Website :	www.kuernbach.de
Mayor :	Armin Ebhart
Location of the municipality Kürnbach in the district of Karlsruhe

Kürnbach is a municipality in the Karlsruhe district in north-western Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

Schlosswiesensee

The wine village of Kürnbach, known as the Schwarzriesling village in the Kraichgauer Hügelland, is located in the northwestern Stromberg-Heuchelberg nature park near the Zabergäu in the Humsterbach valley, which flows further west into the Kraichbach , which rises southwest of Kürnbach . The Humsterbach was dammed as a retention basin east of the place to the Schlosswiesensee . To the west, the landscape opens up to the typical cultivated hill country of the Kraichgau , while to the east, around 1 km from the village, a large contiguous forest area of ​​the Stromberg-Heuchelberg nature park begins.

Community structure

Half-timbered building in the center of the village

The community of Kürnbach includes the Heiligenäcker Aussiedlerhöfe and the Humstermühle, Klostermühle and Rohrmühle estates.

Population development

• 1939: 1,145 inhabitants
• 1950: 1,665 inhabitants
• 1970: 2,130 inhabitants
• 2010: 2,277 inhabitants
• 2015: 2,330 inhabitants
• 2018: 2,335 inhabitants
• 2019: 2,396 inhabitants

history

middle Ages

The oldest surviving written record with reference to Kürnbach dates from around 1278. It is a list of goods from the Weißenburg monastery . This shows that Kürnbach had owned the Benedictine monastery since around 990 .

Already at the time of Charlemagne there was a wooden church in Kürnbach , which was later replaced by a Romanesque stone building. From 1499 to 1501 the church, which is still preserved today, was built in the late Gothic style .

Modern times

In 1543 Kürnbach was granted market rights.

In the mid-19th century, poverty was particularly oppressive. In addition to bad harvests, there were many wine failures that led to a wave of emigration to America . In addition to economic reasons, there were also political ones, especially after the revolution of 1848 .

20th century

The village renovation began in 1965. From then on, Kürnbach belonged entirely to the Bretten district office , then to the Sinsheim district , which was dissolved in 1973. Since then the place has been assigned to the district of Karlsruhe .

The condominate

Condominiums were nothing unusual in the German Empire in the Middle Ages and early modern times . With the progressive nationalization process of the larger territories, however, they were increasingly perceived by the rulers as disturbing and often dissolved through a real division or an exchange of territory. To dissolve the condominium was neglected in Kürnbach for an extremely long time. Why is not clear, and an “oversight” by the bureaucracy cannot be ruled out. In the 19th century, the village was a curiosity under constitutional law.

Emergence

The village of Kürnbach has been owned as a condominium by the Counts of Katzenelnbogen and the Dukes of Württemberg since the Middle Ages . Two thirds belonged to Katzenelnbogen and one third to Württemberg. The two thirds of the Katzenelnbog were given as fiefs to the von von Sternenfels lords . At the beginning of the 12th century, the Lords of Sternenfels became tangible as von Kürnbach . They later renamed themselves after their new, nearby headquarters. In 1479 the Landgraves of Hesse inherited the Counts of Katzenelnbogen.

Hessian share

Hessenkelter

The Hessian portion fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt in 1567 after the division of the state as a result of the will of Landgrave Philip I (the Magnanimous) . On March 19, 1629, the Lords of Kürnbach renounced the Hessian fief, which the Landgrave did not issue again. In 1806, the Landgraviate became the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

Wuerttemberg / Baden share

The Württemberg third came to the Grand Duchy of Baden with an exchange contract dated October 2, 1810 . Kürnbach came to lie between Baden state territory and the Kingdom of Württemberg .

In Kürnbach the Wuerttemberg Land Law applied - also to the Hessian subjects. When the Grand Duchy of Baden introduced the French Civil Code as " Baden Landrecht " nationwide in 1810, this was not done in Kürnbach, because Baden could not dispose of the place alone. The Württemberg land law continued to apply here until it was replaced on January 1, 1900 by the civil code that was uniform throughout the German Empire .

Internal administration

Map of Kürnbach, drawn up in 1748 by Vogt Hallwachs.
The Hessian houses are colored blue, the Württemberg ones yellow.

Individual built-up plots were taxable towards one of the two gentlemen, but could also change them. There were therefore three competent administrations: a Hessian , a Württemberg (later: Baden) and a condominium.

Later, the citizenship of the residents of Kürnbach was based on the house in which they lived: those who lived in a "Hessian" house had the citizens of the Grand-Ducal Hessian, those who lived in a "Baden" house had Baden citizenship. The nationality of the agricultural land also depended on which house it belonged to.

The two condominium powers treated Kürnbach as an independent unit under constitutional law outside their own national borders - in fact, as a " foreign country ". In 1835 a separate municipal code was issued. There were two mayors who were elected for six years, each chairing the council for three years. Each mayor ran his own registry office. And three municipal accounts had to be kept, one from Baden, one from Hesse and one condominium with two different accounting years on two different legal bases.

The End

Hesse and Baden did not achieve any equalization of their rights in Kürnbach during the 19th century. Only the dominion property was divided. The residents of Kürnbach benefited from the situation: They paid fewer taxes than in Baden or Hesse. In relation to their two rulers, they were considered foreign for tax purposes , which is why taxes paid on imported goods were refunded. In 1897 the tax refund for imported beer alone amounted to 5,000 marks .

After the founding of the empire in 1871 and the subsequent unification of the law, the state law construct of Kürnbach appeared only as a state law rarity and the privileges of the “tax paradise” were no longer acceptable to the other citizens. Despite fierce opposition from the Kürnbachers, a state treaty was concluded in Heidelberg on May 11, 1903, with which Kürnbach belonged to the Grand Duchy of Baden from January 1, 1905. In exchange, the Grand Duchy of Hesse received the Michelbuch enclave and almost 300 hectares of Baden forest near Heddesbach .

Religions

Since the Reformation , Kürnbach has been predominantly evangelical . In addition to the regional church, there is also a Methodist and New Apostolic congregation. Roman Catholic believers are spiritually cared for by the community in Oberderdingen -Flehingen. Each religious community has its own church in the village.

politics

Town hall in Kürnbach

Old Town Hall

mayor

• 1905–1919 Theodor Henninger
• 1919–1933 Karl Heinrich Hauser
• 1934–1945 Otto Hauffe
• 1945–1947 Karl Heinrich Hauser
• 1947–1964 August Büchele
• 1964–1984 Kurt Böckle
• 1984–2016 Karl-Heinz Hauser
• since 2016 Armin Ebhart

Municipal council

The local council has 12 honorary members who are elected for five years. In addition, the mayor acts as the municipal council chairman with voting rights.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Municipal Council 2019
Party / list	Seats
Trade, craft and community / List 4	5 (+5)
Free electoral association	5 (+1)
List 90	2 (± 0)
Turnout: 66.4% (+6.0)

coat of arms

The municipality of Kürnbach, first mentioned in 1181 under the place name "Quirinbach" according to the Wirtemberger document book, has a silver eagle's claw in red as its coat of arms.

Community partnerships

Since 1983, Kürnbach has had a partnership with the community of Ziersdorf in Austria .

education

Kürnbach has its own primary school . There are also two kindergartens on site.

The adult education center in Kürnbach is a public institution for continuing education. As a branch office, it is under the legal sponsorship of the non-profit association adult education center in the Karlsruhe district . In accordance with its statutory mandate, it also devotes itself to youth education in addition to adult education.

Culture and sights

lock

Evangelical Michaelskirche

At the upper gate

Historic town center

In the historic center you can still find numerous half-timbered buildings from different eras such as B. the Hessen wine press. The Deutschherrenhaus which was once a supply station for the Teutonic Order . The moated castle goes back to a historic moated castle. From 1181 to 1227, the lords of Kürnbach, the local nobility, are proven to be lords of the castle. In 1266 the castle was owned by the Lords of Liebenstein, and before 1380 by the Counts of Katzenelnbogen. From 1380 the Knights of Balzhofen and after them the Knights of Sternenfels were at Kürnbach Castle. Until the middle of the 19th century, the castle was owned by the Grand Dukes of Hesse, after which the property was privately owned. The castle is surrounded by a park-like green area. To the east above the castle, the Schlosswiesensee ( flood retention basin ) surrounded by a recreational facility was dammed . The old town hall and the old school house are located at the former upper gate.

church

Already at the time of Charlemagne around 800 there was a wooden church in Kürnbach , which was later replaced by a Romanesque stone building and is known today as the Evangelical Michael Church . The church, which is sometimes also known as the Church of Our Lady, was given its present-day appearance through reconstruction between 1721 and 1726, after the structure was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War . The art treasures of the church include the choir vault, the crucifix from the 16th century, the five meter high Renaissance tomb made of sandstone for Bernhard von Sternenfels and his wife Maria Agatha von Weitershausen, and the one built in 1834 by the Heidelberg organ builder Wilhelm Jacob Overmann Organ.

Other structures

• The castle at the eastern end of the village goes back to a historic moated castle. From 1181 to 1227, the lords of Kürnbach, the local nobility, are proven to be lords of the castle. In 1266 the castle was owned by the Lords of Liebenstein, and before 1380 by the Counts of Katzenelnbogen. From 1380 the Knights of Balzhofen and after them the Knights of Sternenfels were at Kürnbach Castle. Until the middle of the 19th century, the castle was owned by the Grand Dukes of Hesse, after which the property was privately owned. The castle is surrounded by a park-like green area. To the east above the castle, the Schlosswiesenensee , surrounded by a recreational facility , was dammed.
• The Protestant Michaelskirche goes back to a church of the Weissenburg monastery mentioned around 800 and has been rebuilt several times. The church, which is sometimes also known as the Church of Our Lady , was given its present-day appearance through reconstruction between 1721 and 1726, after the structure was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War . The art treasures of the church include the choir vault, the crucifix from the 16th century, the five meter high Renaissance tomb made of sandstone for Bernhard von Sternenfels and his wife Maria Agatha von Weitershausen, and the one built in 1834 by the Heidelberg organ builder Wilhelm Jacob Overmann Organ.
• The historic town center of Kürnbach is rich in historic buildings, including the Baden celtic and Hesse Kelter that of the former division of the basic rule to remember, also, for the German mansion where Michael Church, several historic inns and time typical residential and commercial buildings (. As the Houses Gaisrain 58 , Greinstrasse 37 and Löwengasse 8 ) from different eras. The old town hall and the old school house are located at the former upper gate .
• Monument to the fallen with a large cross (height unknown)

Kürnbach Monument to the Fallen

Museums

Historic Actien Museum

The Historic Actien Museum in a historic rural property at the Upper Gate has been showing historical securities since 1976.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Kurt Böckle (1921–1993), mayor from 1964 to 1984, honorary citizen upon leaving office

Other personalities

• Friederica Louise Löffler (* August 9, 1744; † December 20, 1805), pharmacist's daughter and well-known cookbook author, born in Kürnbach, mother of Henriette Löffler, who also became known as a cookbook author
• Friederike Hauffe (1801–1829), the “Seer of Prevorst”, lived from 1821 to 1826 in Kürnbach
• John Adam Treutlen (1734–1782), American politician and Governor of Georgia , USA from 1777 to 1782 .

See also

• Territorial peculiarities in southwest Germany after 1810

literature

• Heike Drechsler: Kürnbach ... once a market town in two countries. regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher 2005, ISBN 3-89735-297-4 .
• Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893

Web links

Commons : Kürnbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Kürnbach  - Travel Guide

• Description and illustrations of the historic Kürnbach on badischewanderungen.de
• History up to the 16th century, AHG 1907

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 109-110
3. ^ History of Kürnbach on the community's homepage; accessed on April 19, 2020.
4. ^ History of Kürnbach on the community's homepage; accessed on April 19, 2020.
5. ↑ Drechsler: Kürnbach , p. 168.
6. ↑ Schmidt, p. 5, note 4.
7. ↑ Schmidt, p. 5, note 4.
8. ^ Drechsler: Kürnbach , p. 104.
9. ↑ Schmidt, p. 113.
10. ↑ Schmidt, p. 5, note 4.
11. ↑ Drechsler: Kürnbach , p. 169f.
12. ↑ Schmidt, p. 5, note 4.
13. ↑ Drechsler: Kürnbach , p. 171.
14. ↑ Drechsler: Kürnbach , pp. 174–176.
15. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, Kürnbach ; Municipality of Kürnbach: municipal council election 2019 (PDF) , bulletin 22/59, May 30, 2019, p. 4f; accessed July 11, 2019.
16. ↑ Böckle, Kurt. In: leo-bw.de. Baden-Württemberg State Archives, accessed on January 23, 2020 .