Komar class

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Project 183R
Project 183R boat fires a P-15 SzFK.
Project 183R boat fires a P-15 SzFK.
Ship data
Ship type Missile speedboat
Shipyard Shipyard 602 Vladivostok

Shipyard 5 "Primorsky" Leningrad

Construction period 1958 to 1964
Units built New buildings: 64

Modifications: 54

period of service 1957 to 1980s
Ship dimensions and crew
length
25.5 m ( Lüa )
width 6.2 m
Draft Max. 1.4 m
displacement Standard / full: 70/81 t
 
crew 15th
Machine system
machine 4 × M-50F diesel engine
Machine
performance 		4 × 1,200 PS (883 kW)
Top
speed 		38 kn (70 km / h)
propeller 4th
Armament

Project 183R , with the code name Mucha ( Russian "муха" , fly ), later referred to by NATO as the Komar class , was a class of missile speedboats from Soviet production that was built on the basis of the torpedo boats of Project 183 and produced in large numbers . Only about half of all Project 183R boats were newbuilds, while the other half consisted of torpedo boat conversions.

development

In 1955, Development Office 5 began to develop a suitable carrier vehicle for the P-15 Termit missile, which had only been announced at the time. The torpedo boats from Project 183 were selected, which were already available in large numbers. Although their hulls were made of wood , they were considered reliable and were comparatively easy to manufacture. Numerous tests with the P-15 rocket and 1: 1 models of the deck and superstructure of Project 183 were carried out in order to coordinate the launch container and the boat so that on the one hand the rocket carried out its flight as planned and on the other hand the boats did not pass through the The return beam of the rocket engine was set on fire.

Two prototypes, labeled Project 183E, were built to conduct final testing. All that was done was to remove the torpedo tubes from two Project 183 boats and put an open launch pad on each side of the structure. A tall lattice mast was installed amidships, on the top of which a radar device was installed to determine the target data for the missiles. When the anti-ship missile was ready for series production around 1958, the weapon from Project 183E was tested under realistic conditions. Since the effects of the launch on the crew were not yet completely sure, they were replaced by sixteen sheep and the rocket was launched by remote ignition. The missile and boat operation was successful, but some of the sheep died.

Numerous tests of the missile and boat were conducted at various speeds over the next two years. The destroyer escort Animoso , a former Italian ship of the Ciclone class , which the Soviet Navy had anchored as a target ship, was sunk on August 28, 1959 by a P-15 anti-ship missile. The former destroyer Minsk , a Leningrad-class ship from the 1930s, was also used to attack moving targets, and this ship was also sunk.

technology

Hull and drive

The 25.5 m long and 6.18 m wide wooden hull from Project 183 was taken over, as was its drive system with four M-50F diesel engines with a total of 4800 hp.

Armament

The main armament of the boats was two KT-67 launch tubes, each with a P-15 “Termit” anti -ship missile , which NATO designated as the SS-N-2A “Styx”. The pipes stood on both sides of the superstructure and occupied the entire aft half of the ship. In this way, the rocket's return beam was directed against the surface of the water during takeoff and damage to the deck was prevented.

A double-barreled 25-mm gun of the type 2M-3 , which, as in Project 183, was on the forecastle , was used for air defense and close-range defense . The stern gun from Project 183 was omitted because of the launch container in the rear of the boats.

Sensors

Project 183R was designed to independently combat its targets without its anti-ship missiles being able to obtain target information from sources other than the boat that launched them. For this purpose, a “rangout” radar device (NATO: “Square Tie”) was installed on the top of the mast, which could detect targets at distances of up to around 24 kilometers. Furthermore, the transmitter / receiver antenna of a radio-based system for friend-foe recognition of the "nichrome" type was mounted on the mast.

export

Boats of this class were exported to:

  • Egypt (7 boats 1962–1967)
  • Algeria (6 boats in 1967)
  • China (11 boats 1960–1961)
  • Guinea (4 boats 1969/1970)
  • Indonesia (12 boats 1961–1965)
  • Iraq (3 boats 1972)
  • Cuba (18 boats 1962–1966)
  • North Korea (10 boats)
  • Syria (9 boats 1963–1966)
  • Vietnam (4 boats 1972)

Licensed buildings

More or less modified boats of Project 183 were built in several countries, e.g. B.

  • North Korea ( Sohung Class )
  • People's Republic of China
    The Navy of the People's Republic of China developed a variant of the class under the designation Type 024 (NATO: Hegu / Heku / Hoku / Hogu / Hougu or Houku), which had a metal hull and was therefore somewhat larger (27 m, 79 t), but were also slower (38 kn).
    80-110 boats of this class were built. some boats were exported to Albania (4), Bangladesh (4–5), Egypt (4–6) and Pakistan (4).
  • Egypt
    From 1975 a separate variant was developed, which is based on the original Komar hull. Six October class boats were built in Alexandria. These boats were armed with two launchers for OTO Melara Otomat Mk1 anti-ship missiles . Between 2002 and 2007 there was an upgrade to the Mk2 version of the anti-ship missile.

Current Status

In 2004 the following were in use:

  • North Korea
    six Komar-class boats and six licensed Sohung-class boats. In the Komar-class boats, however, the wooden hull was replaced by a steel hull; the licensed buildings have steel hulls as standard.
  • Bangladesh
    five Chinese Type 024 boats (Dubar class)
  • Egypt
    four Chinese Type 024 boats and five self-built October class.

commitment

The Soviet Union took on the pioneering role in the introduction of anti-ship missiles with the missile speedboats of Project 183R. The enormous potential of this new weapon system was only later fully developed in other countries. At the latest after Egyptian Komar-class speedboats sank the Israeli destroyer Eilat on October 21, 1967 , there was a rethink and the development of anti-ship missiles was promoted worldwide. The possibility of giving small units such as speedboats with anti-ship missiles a far-reaching, powerful main weapon was only used in the west by Germany and France in the mid-1970s. Torpedoes largely receded as a weapon system for surface warships.

References

Remarks

  1. ↑ Also known as "Almas".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ US Naval Institute Press (Ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. Pp. 416-417.
  2. ↑ US Naval Institute Press (Ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. P. 251.
  3. ↑ a b Jane's Information Group: Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005. P. 422.
  4. ↑ US Naval Institute Press (Ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. P. 65.
  5. ↑ a b Jane's Information Group: Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005. P. 197.
  6. ↑ US Naval Institute Press (Ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. P. 87.
  7. ↑ Jane's Information Group: Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005. P. 46.

literature

  • Александр Широкорад: Чудо-оружие СССР - Тайны советского оружия. (For example: AB Shirokorad : Weapons of the USSR - Secret Soviet weapons. ) “Вече” publishing house, 2005, ISBN 5-9533-0411-0 .

Web links