Circle pear tree

The Birnbaum district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1987

The Birnbaum district within the boundaries from 1887 to 1919. Areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time .

Administrative division of the Province of Posen (as of 1919) District Bydgoszcz District Posen





The district of Birnbaum in the northwest of the Prussian province of Posen existed from 1818 to 1920. The former district area today belongs to the Polish Voivodeship of Greater Poland , the place Birnbaum is the Polish Międzychód .

size

The district of Birnbaum had an area of ​​1293 km² until it was divided in 1887, then 642 km².

Administrative history

After the third partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807, the area around the town of Birnbaum belonged to the Meseritz district in the Prussian province of South Prussia . After the Peace of Tilsit , the area fell to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and again to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Congress of Vienna on May 15, 1815 .

As part of the Prussian administrative reforms , the Birnbaum district was formed on January 1, 1818 from the northern part of the old Meseritz district . The seat of the district office became Chalin, from June 1, 1833 Zirke and from 1867 finally Birnbaum.

As part of the Posen Province, the Birnbaum district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish MPs protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871.

On October 1, 1887, the western part of the Birnbaum district with the city and police district of Schwerin an der Warthe , the city of Blesen and part of the Birnbaum police district became the new district of Schwerin an der Warthe .

On December 27, 1918, the Wielkopolska uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and with the exception of the north-western third of the district, including the district town of Birnbaum, most of the district was under Polish control in January 1919.

On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded the Birnbaum district to the newly founded Poland with the signing of the Versailles Treaty . On November 25, 1919, Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation and surrender of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on January 10, 1920. The area remaining under German control, including the district town of Birnbaum, was cleared and handed over to Poland between January 17 and February 4, 1920.

Population development

year	Residents	source
1818	25,936
1846	41,441
1871	47,449
1900	27,586
1905	27,566
1910	28,887

Of the population in 1905, 51% were Poles and 49% German. Some of the German residents left the area after 1920.

politics

District administrators

1820–1834 Wilhelm Friedrich von Kurnatowski00

1834–1849 Ferdinand von dem Brincken (* 1793)00

1849–1850 Julius Hermann Besser (1806–1895) ( substitute )00

1850–1859 Eduard von Suchodolski (1804–1873)00

1859–1875 Greulich00

1876–1887 Carl Otto von Kalckreuth (1835–1900)00

1887–1903 Kurt von Willich (1860–1903)00

1904–1920 August von Rospatt (1869–1942)00

elections

The district of Birnbaum, together with the districts of Obornik , Samter and Schwerin an der Warthe, belonged to the Posen 2 Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by the following candidates in the Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912:

• 1871 Ludwig von Rönne , National Liberal Party00
• 1874 Ludwig Zietkiewicz , Polish parliamentary group00
• 1877 Stephan von Kwilecki , Polish parliamentary group00
• 187800 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 188100 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 188400 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 1887 Hector von Kwilecki , Polish parliamentary group00
• 189000 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 189300 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 189800 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
• 1903 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski , Polish parliamentary group00
• 190700 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski, Polish parliamentary group
• 191200 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski, Polish parliamentary group

Municipal structure

On January 1, 1908, the two towns of Birnbaum and Zirke belonged to the district of Birnbaum. The 60 rural parishes and 34 manor districts were combined to form police districts.

Communities

At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:

Old Görtzig Old Merine Old Zattum Bialokosch Hauland Bielsko Pear tree , city Bucharzewo Bukowce Chorzempowo Chorzewo Daleschinko Dombrowo Driewcen Eichberg Hauland Eulenberg Gora

Grabitz Large Chrzypsko Great Lenschetz Great Luttom Izdebno Yaroshevo Would come Capline Katschlin Little Bialokosch Small Chrzypsko Little Lenschetz Kobylarnia Kubowo Kurnato jokes Kwiltsch

Lubosch Lutomek Mechnach Milostovo Mokritz Moschiejewo Muchocin Hauland Mylin New merine New Zattum New stone Niemierschewo Orle Orzeschkowo Popowo Prushim

Premix Radegosch Radush Rozbitek Ryzin Schrimm Skrzydlewo Strzyzmin Thiergarten Tucholle Tutschempe Upartowo Urbanowko Viktorovo Zirke , city

The communities Großdorf and Lindenstadt were incorporated into the city of Birnbaum on March 1, 1905.

Personalities

• Hermann Tietz (1837–1907), German businessman and Hertie founder
• Leonhard Tietz (1849–1914), German businessman
• Lesser Ury (1861–1931), German painter and graphic artist

See also

• District of Birnbaum (Wartheland)

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 143, item 1.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 84–91 ( e-copy, pp . 91-98 ).
• ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 572.
• Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III .. Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 92, item II.
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
• Martin Sprungala: The history of the Poznan districts and independent cities, Bad Bevensen 2007.
• Martin Sprungala: Historical Directory of the Province of Poznan and the Poznań Voivodeship (Poznan), Bad Bevensen 2007.

Web links

Commons : Kreis Birnbaum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District Birnbaum administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 13, 2013.
• Municipal directory of the Birnbaum district - gemeindeververzeichnis.de

Individual evidence

1. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819 ( digitized version [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
2. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
3. ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
4. ↑ ^{a b c} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de