Rawitsch district
The Rawitsch district on the southern edge of the Prussian province of Posen existed from 1887 to 1920. The former district area is now part of the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .
Rawitsch district was also the name of a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–1945) during the Second World War .
size
The Rawitsch district had an area of 496 km².
Administrative history
On October 1, 1887 from the southern part of the dissolved Kröben circle the circle Rawitsch formed. The town of Rawitsch became the seat of the district office and district town .
On December 27, 1918, the Wielkopolska uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and the north-eastern part of the district was under Polish control after just a few days. The southwest around Rawitsch and Bojanowo remained German occupied.
On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded the Rawitsch district to the newly founded Poland with the signing of the Versailles Treaty . On November 25, 1919, Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation and surrender of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on January 10, 1920. The evacuation of the remaining area under German control including the district town Rawitsch and the handover to Poland took place between January 17 and February 4, 1920.
Population development
| year | 1890 | 1895 | 1900 | 1905 | 1910 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 49,320 | 49,896 | 49,149 | 48,850 | 50,523 |
| Evangelical Catholics Jews |
19,040 29,132 1,115 |
17,891 30,465 ? |
17,636 30,559 596 |
17,550 32,370 ? |
|
| German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking |
21,601 454 26,781 |
21,253 92 29,150 |
Of the population in 1910, about 60% were Poles and 40% German. A large part of the German residents left the district area after 1919/20.
politics
District administrators
- 1887–1891 Eugen Steinmann (1839–1899)
- 1891–1899 Max Otto Lewald (1860–1919)
- 1898–1899 Friedrich von Laer ( substitute )
- 1899–1913 Heinrich von Schacky
- 1913–1920 William Bernhard von Guenther (1878–1960)
elections
The Rawitsch District, together with most of the Gostyn District, belonged to the Posen 5 Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in the Reichstag elections between 1887 and 1912 :
- 1887 Prince Adam Czartoryski
- 1890 Adam Prince Czartoryski
- 1893 Prince Adam Czartoryski
- 1898 Idzizlaw Czartoryski
- 1903 Joseph von Mycielski
- 1907 Anton Stychel
- 1912 Anton Stychel
Municipal structure
On January 1, 1908, the five towns of Rawitsch , Bojanowo , Görchen , Jutroschin and Sarne belonged to the Gostyn district . The (as of 1908) 80 rural communities and 47 manor districts were combined to form police districts.
Communities
At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:
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|
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The municipalities of Old Chojno and New Chojno were merged to form the municipality of Chojno before 1908 . At the beginning of the 20th century, several place names were Germanized.
Rawitsch district in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
Administrative history
During the Second World War, the German occupation authorities formed the administrative unit of the Rawitsch district . The annexation of the area by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 , as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. During the German occupation, only Rawicz and Bojanowo received city rights in 1942 according to the German municipal code of 1935, the other municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts . The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945.
Land Commissioner
- 1939 Schmöckel
District administrators
- 1939–1941 Schmöckel
- 1941–1942 Olsen (acting)
- 1942 Manske (substitute)
- 1942–1945 Fritz Ansorge (substitute)
Place names
During the German occupation in World War II, the place names valid in 1918 were initially adopted by an unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, but the local occupation authorities soon made “wild” Germanizations. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station were given German names, mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions.
Larger communities in the Rawitsch district:
| Polish name | German name (1815-1919 / 20) | German name (1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|
| Bojanowo | Bojanowo | Adorns |
| Chojno | Chojno | Kiefernrode |
| Dębno Polskie | Dams | Dams |
| Domaradzice | Domaradzitz | Urn field |
| You Am | You Am |
1939–1943 Spitzwald 1943–1945 Spitzwall |
| Gołaszyn | Bärsdorf | Bärsdorf |
| Golina Wielka | Lang Guhle |
1939–1943 Lang Guhle 1943–1945 Langguhle |
| Jutrosine | Jutroschin |
1939-1943 Orlahöh 1943-1945 Horlen |
| Konary | Konary | Korngut |
| Miejska Górka | Brat | Brat |
| Ostoje | Ostoje | Location |
| Rawicz | Rawitsch | Rawitsch |
| Sarnowa | Sarne | Sarne |
| Sierakowo | Wilhelmsgrund | Wilhelmsgrund |
| Słupia Kapitulna | Slupia, older Schluppe |
1939–1943 Langenfeld 1943–1945 Langenzeile |
| Sobiałkowo | Sobialkowo | Old law |
| Sowy | Sowy | Scholzhufen |
| Szkaradowo | Szkaradowo, older Cardove | German Defense |
| Szymanowo | Szymanowo 1906–1920 Friedrichsweiler , older Simnove |
Friedrichsweiler |
| Wydawy | Wydawy, older Witave | Outer field |
| Zielona Wieś | Gründorf | Gründorf |
literature
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rawitsch district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- Martin Sprungala : The history of the Poznan districts and independent cities. Bad Bevensen 2007.
- Martin Sprungala: Historical Directory of the Province of Poznan and the Poznań Voivodeship (Poznan). Bad Bevensen 2007.
Web links
- District Rawitsch administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 17, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Province of Poznan. Based on the materials from the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources, edited by the Royal Prussian State Statistical Office. In: Königliches Prussisches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Book V, 1908, DNB 365941719 , ZDB -ID 1046036-6 , p. 224 f . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Province of Poznan. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources, edited by the Royal Statistical Bureau. In: Royal Statistical Bureau (Hrsg.): Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. tape V , 1888, ZDB -ID 1046036-6 , p. 294 f . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rawitsch district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ https://mapy.mzk.cz/de/mzk03/001/026/835/2619267615/
- ↑ https://mapy.mzk.cz/de/mzk03/001/026/835/2619267615/
- ↑ https://mapy.mzk.cz/de/mzk03/001/026/835/2619267615/
- ↑ https://mapy.mzk.cz/de/mzk03/001/026/835/2619267615/
Administrative districts: Bromberg | Poses
Districts: Poznan | Bromberg | Schneidemühl
Districts: Adelnau | Pear tree | Bomb | Bromberg | Czarnikau | Filehne | Fraustadt | Gostyn | Gniezno | Grätz | Hohensalza (formerly Inowrazlaw ) | Jarotschin | Kempen i. Poses | Kolmar i. Posen (formerly Chodziesen ) | Koshmin | Cost | Krotoschin | Lissa | Meseritz | Mogilno | Neuto Mischel | Obornik | Ostrowo | Pleschen | Poznan East | Poznan West | Rawitsch | Samter | Schildberg | Schmiegel | Schrimm | Schroda | Schubin | Schwerin an der Warthe | Strelno | We seat | Witkowo | Wongrowitz (formerly Wongrowiec ) | Wreschen (formerly Peysern ) | Tin