Kuma (Caspian Sea)

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Kuma
Кума́
Data
Water code RU :  07010000312108200001471
location Karachay-Cherkessia , Stavropol Region , Dagestan , Kalmykia ( Russia )
River system Kuma
source Skalisty ridge of the Greater Caucasus east of Karachayevsk
43 ° 48 ′ 36 ″  N , 42 ° 10 ′ 42 ″  E
Source height approx.  2050  m
muzzle Caspian Sea south of Lagan Coordinates: 44 ° 45 ′ 14 "  N , 46 ° 59 ′ 38"  E 44 ° 45 ′ 14 "  N , 46 ° 59 ′ 38"  E
Mouth height 28  m below sea level
Height difference approx. 2078 m
Bottom slope approx. 2.6 ‰
length 802 km
Catchment area 33,500 km²
Drain MQ
 10.9 m³ / s
Left tributaries Tomuslowka , Sukhoi Karamyk , Mokry Karamyk , Sukhaya Buiwola
Right tributaries Podkumok , Solka , Darja
Medium-sized cities Mineralnye Vody , Georgievsk , Selenokumsk , Budyonnovsk , Neftekumsk
Communities Suvorovskaya
Navigable not navigable

The Kuma ( Russian Кума́ ) is an 802 km long tributary of the Caspian Sea in the North Caucasus and in the Caucasus Foreland ( Russia ).

course

The Kuma rises in the mountains of Karachay-Circassia in about 2050  m far from the Gumbaschi -Passes, nearly 25 km east of the city Karachayevsk and close to the source of its important tributary Podkumok . From there, the Kuma flows in a north-easterly direction through a narrow valley until it reaches the plain in the territory of the Stavropol region and flows around the area of ​​the “Caucasian mineral water health resorts” Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk to the north. Continuing in an easterly to north-northeastern direction, it finally reaches the eastern part of the Manytn lowlands and turns to the east, before flowing into the north-western part of the Caspian Sea about 100 km south of the small town of Lagan .

On the 100-kilometer section to the mouth, the river represents the border between the republics of Kalmykia and Dagestan for long stretches . According to a common definition, it also forms the border between Europe and Asia there , which continues to the west through the Manytn lowlands.

use

The Kuma is not navigable. Their water is used on a large scale for the irrigation of agricultural areas, so that the river regularly dries up during the dry summer months over a length of almost 200 km from around Neftekumsk to the mouth. The Terek-Kuma Canal, which connects the Kuma with the Terek , and the Kuma-Manych Canal to the Manych were built for irrigation purposes .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Article Kuma in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D067359~2a%3DKuma~2b%3DKuma
  2. ↑ a b Kuma in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)