Ladine

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A Lädine or Ledine is a historical cargo sailing ship that was used as a type of ship between the 14th and 20th centuries for about 500 years in Lake Constance shipping . The Lädine is similar in type to other cargo sailing ships that were common on Central European inland waters. The smaller version of the Lädine is called Segmer or Segner .

The construction of a shop

Construction and development

One of the last shops and one of the first motor gravel ships in Immenstaad (before 1921)

The structure of both species was uniform, but the dimensions differed in the five countries bordering Lake Constance . The load-bearing capacity of a Lädine was up to 150 t with a mast height of 24 m, a length of 32 m and a width of 4 m. The draft was 1.17 m to 1.46 m, the freeboard 0.35 m to 0.42 m. The four types of Segmer had a load capacity between 7 t and 75 t and were up to 20 m long.

In 1764 there were about a thousand cargo sailors on Lake Constance , 150 of them Lädinen, the number of which had shrunk to 60 to 70 by 1824. At the turn of the century only a few sailed. Some were fitted with 5-horsepower petrol engines or towed by steamers. Most of them were demolished and firewood, like the last original shop in Bodman in 1952 .

Transport concept

As a means of transport, in the age of carters with bullock carts and horses, cargo shipping had several advantages over overland transport, namely being faster, cheaper and more reliable. Today, in the age of trucks and highways, this only applies to so-called bulk goods if the start and end point of transport via waterways can be reached by barge.

In accordance with the state of the art at the time, bulky, flat wooden one-masted barges were used, which could sail in front of the wind with a huge square sail. When the wind was calm, you either had to row, trek or stake on the bank to get to your destination. Headwind meant waiting in port because cruising without a keel was not possible. In the historical sources there are often complaints about violations of the Christian Sunday rest, because it was preferred to use the available wind rather than laborious and tedious rowing or pegging. With the bucket bow it was possible to load and unload the ship on the bank away from the harbors.

Transport goods

Using the example of Lake Constance can be said that there valuable edible salt loads from Bavaria were shipped to the west, building materials and agricultural products from the other neighboring places of the lake in the opposite direction. In a stiff breeze, it took a Lädine about eight to ten hours to travel the 63 kilometers along Lake Constance. Furthermore, grain and barrels with wine are known as historical transport goods. Regarding the transport of wine, it is reported that the crew typically also received wine as a reward , so that a seat on the crew was highly coveted on such a trip and was already consumed in kind on the outward journey.

Wrecks

In Lake Constance there are several well-preserved wrecks of sunken Lädinen. Two are easily accessible for recreational divers . One is in front of Wiedehorn near Egnach, the other in front of Ludwigshafen . The latter is one of the exhibits at the Underwater Museum .

Replica

Shop replica in Immenstaad

A historical Lädine (more precisely: Segmer) was rebuilt by the Lädinen-Verein Bodensee eV with its headquarters and home port in Immenstaad and put into service on May 9, 1999. Since then, the 17-meter-long and 20-ton square-rigged ship has been regularly making tours out onto Lake Constance and also takes paying guests with it. For sudden calm and other emergencies, the ship is equipped with a 120 hp diesel engine. The Immenstaader Lädine is one of the most eye-catching and largest sailing boats among the 55,000 or so ships that are officially licensed on Lake Constance. Half a dozen members of the association have already acquired the captain's license required for command of the ship . For this, one hundred hours of practical experience had to be proven on board. Furthermore, exams in navigation and meteorology had to be taken. In the first decade there were 70,000 passengers who got on the replica cargo ship.

literature

  • Rolf Hiß: From the Immenstaad Sagma ship to the Lädine. Formerly shipbuilding on Lake Constance. In: The logbook . 30.1994 (2)
  • Heimatverein Immenstaad (ed.): The Lädinen and Vinzenz, the ship servant. A reading and coloring book for class 4b at the Stephan Brodmann School; for the christening of the Immenstaader Lädine on Saturday, May 8, 1999. Heimatverein Immenstaad 1999.
  • D. Hakelberg, J. Leidenfrost, W. Tegel, W. Trogus: The Kippenhorn near Immenstaad - Archaeological studies on shipping and wooden shipbuilding on Lake Constance before 1900. 1st edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1498-0 .
  • Johannes Leidenfrost: The cargo sailing ships of Lake Constance. A contribution to the history of shipping. Sigmaringen 1975

Web links

Lädine St. Jodok with the Immenstaad coat of arms on the square sail.
Commons : Lädine St. Jodok (1999)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dietmar Bönke: paddle wheel and impeller. The shipping of the railway on Lake Constance . GeraMond Verlag, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-86245-714-4 , p. 17f.
  2. ^ Bodensee clay ship / Lädine
  3. ^ Lädine - Egnach | SWISS DIVERS
  4. ^ Lädine - Ludwigshafen (D) | SWISS DIVERS
  5. ↑ There is a jetty for a birthday. In: Südkurier of May 11, 2009.