Lamoral from Egmond
Count Lamoral von Egmond , Prince of Gavre ( Gavere ) (born November 18, 1522 at La Hamaide Castle in Hainaut , † June 5, 1568 in Brussels ; sometimes written as Egmont ), was governor of Flanders and Artois , Army of the High Glory of Purmerend , Purmerland and Ilpendam , Baron von Fiennes , Lord von Hoogwoud and Aartswoud , Sotteghem , Armentières and Auxy .
Live and act
Lamoral, Count of Egmont came from the old Dutch noble family of Egmond , which since the 11th century, the umbrella advocacy on the Benedictine abbey Egmond at Alkmaar in North Holland owned and near a ruined 16th century castle built.
He served Emperor Charles V in various campaigns (1541 in Algiers , 1544, 1546 and 1552 in Germany and against France ) and earned the fame of a brave and daring soldier. In 1542 he became governor of the province of Holland and other estates through the death of his brother Karl I von Egmond .
In 1544 he married Sabina in Speyer , the daughter of Count Palatine Johann II von Simmern (1492–1557), with whom he lived in a happy and child-rich marriage (a total of 11 children). Sabina is known in the Netherlands under the name "Sabine von Bayern". Lamoral Graf von Egmont acquired an area southwest of Rotterdam in 1559 , which he had polded and named "Beijerland" ( see: Oud-Beijerland ) after the homeland of his wife . In 1546 he received the Order of the Golden Fleece .
In 1554 he was at the head of the embassy, which had to sign the marriage contract of the Infante Philip II with the English Queen Maria I ; then he went to Spain to greet his new sovereign .
In the Spanish-French War 1557–1559 he played an outstanding role and distinguished himself by name in the battles at St. Quentin and Gravelines . 1559 made him King Philip II. For governor of Flanders and Artois . In the now beginning Dutch unrest, Egmond was one of the discontented greats who opposed the strict centralization of the Dutch administration and the strict Catholic policy of Philip II and wanted to enforce an aristocratic regime and a certain degree of religious tolerance .
He took part in the overthrow of the royal minister Granvelle , but he tried to recommend himself to the governor Margaret of Parma as a special support. As a spokesman for the Dutch aristocratic opposition, he went to Spain in 1565, but was heaped with flattery by Philip II, only cautiously brought up the complaints that had been assigned to him and returned to the Netherlands without having achieved anything . After the iconoclasm in 1566 , he showed himself to be a staunch supporter of Spain and Catholicism and persecuted the Protestants in his province of Flanders in the most cruel manner.
He made himself available to subjugate the regent's insurrection, swore a renewed oath of allegiance and helped to consolidate the royal regiment on a new basis. Nevertheless, Philip was angry with him because of his previous opposition. Egmond, however, felt quite safe, ignored the warnings of William of Orange at their last meeting in Willebroek , went to meet the Duke of Alba as far as the border when he came to the Netherlands in 1567 and rode into Brussels at his side . Nevertheless, he was arrested on September 9th and brought before the exceptional court of Albas, the so-called Blood Council . His privilege as a knight of the fleece was not respected; as a traitor and rebel he was sentenced to death and beheaded at the same time as Count von Hoorn on June 5, 1568 in the Great Market in Brussels ; later he was buried in a crypt on the market square in Zottegem . Here you can still find two statues of Egmond, the "Egmontkamer" (an exhibition room in the town hall opened on the 450th anniversary of his death in 2018) and Egmond's castle. His vast fortune was confiscated. The date of this execution marks the beginning of the Eighty Years' War , in which the Dutch finally liberated themselves from Spanish rule.
Egmond left three sons among eleven children - among them his heir Philip von Egmond - who were reconciled with the Spanish government and received some of the goods back.
Appreciation
A memorial (by Charles Auguste Fraikin ) was erected to him, jointly with Count Hoorn, in Brussels on little Sablon.
Egmond's fate is the subject of the classic tragedy Egmont by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , whereby the character of the figure portrayed by Goethe differs from the historical Egmond.
literature
- Bavay: Le procès du comte d'Egmont , Brussels, 1854
- August Bercht: History of Count Egmont. Exact and detailed description of the fourth jubilee celebration of the University of Leipzig on December 4th, 1809 . Hinrichs, Leipzig (1810?) ( Digitized version )
- Ralf G. Jahn : The genealogy, the bailiffs, counts and dukes of money. In: Johannes Stinner, Karl-Heinz Tekath (ed.): Gelre - Geldern - Gelderland. History and culture of the Duchy of Geldern (= Duchy of Geldern. Vol. 1 = Publications of the State Archives of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Series D: Exhibition catalogs of the State Archives. Vol. 30). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Geldern and the surrounding area, Geldern 2001, ISBN 3-9805419-4-0 , pp. 29–50.
- Pieter Lodewijk Muller : Egmont, Lamoral Count of . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 684-686.
- Juste: Le comte d'Egmont et le comte de Hornes , Brussels, 1862
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ High glory Purmerland and Ilpendam in Heren van Holland
- ↑ Ernst Walter Zeeden : Hegemonic Wars and Faith Struggles 1556–1648 (= Propylaea History of Europe , Vol. 2). Propylaeen, Berlin, 2nd ed. 1980, pp. 26-27.
- ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon , Volume 2, panel "Sculpture X", Fig. 9
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Charles I. |
Count of Egmond 1541–1568 |
Philip |
| Charles I. | Lord of Purmerend , Purmerland and Ilpendam 1541–1568 |
Philip |
| Françoise van Luxemburg |
Prince of Gavere 1553–1568 |
Philip |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Egmond, Lamoral of |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Egmond, Lamoral Count of; Egmont, Lamoral Count of |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Knight and governor of Flanders and Artois |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 18, 1522 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hainaut |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 5, 1568 |
| Place of death | Brussels |