District of Cosel

Cosel district on a map from 1905

The district of Cosel was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia , which existed from 1743 to 1945. Its county seat was the city of Cosel . In the 1930s, the Kandrzin railway junction was the second largest municipality in the district after Cosel with around 6,000 inhabitants. The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the Principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Cosel district. Franz Josef von Schultzendorff was appointed as the first district administrator in the Cosel district. The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Opole, the district of Cosel received

• from the district of Groß Strehlitz the villages Januschkowitz, Raschowa, Rokitsch and Wielmirzowitz
• from the district of Ratibor the villages Autischkau, Dobischau, Dobroslawitz, Matzkirch and Warmunthau as well
• from the Tost district the villages of Alt Cosel, Birawa, Brzezetz, Goschütz, Kandrzin, Klein Althammer, Lenartowitz, Libischau, Lichnia, Medar and Blechhammer, Miesce, Ortowitz, Pogorzeletz, Sackenhoym and Slawentzitz.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole .

In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 75.2% of the voters in the Cosel district voted to stay with Germany and 24.8% for a cession to Poland .

On January 1, 1927, the rural communities of Ehrenfeld, Habicht and Mosurau and the manor districts of Dollendzin, Habicht and Mosurau were reclassified from the Cosel district to the Ratibor district . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Cosel district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts except for an uninhabited forest estate district were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Residents

In 1939, 96% of the district's residents were Catholic and 4% Protestant. The percentage of Polish-speaking residents was 82.0% around 1890 and fell to 73.7% by 1900. In the 1910 census, 75% of the inhabitants of the Cosel district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 22% as purely German-speaking .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	24,261
1819	26,883
1846	35,256
1871	64,984
1885	68,486
1900	71,146
1910	75,673
1925	82,305
1939	88,274

District administrators

• 1743–1746 00Franz Josef von Schultzendorff
• 1746–1748 00Carl Erdmann von Lichnowsky-Woschtitz
• 1749–1752 00Heinrich Gotthard von Näfe
• 1752–1770 00George Franz von Trach
• 1770–1797 00Johann Nepomuk von Schipp-Branitz
• 1797–1808 00Ernst Gottlieb Sigismund-Heugel
• 1813-1824 00by Lange
• 1824-1844 00d'Elpons
• 1844–1848 00Carl von Richthofen
• 1848–1882 Eduard Himml00
• 1882–1883 00Wentzel ( acting )
• 1883–1887 00Ernst Adam von Heydebrand and the Lasa
• 1887–1888 00Reinhold von Borstell (1855–1926) ( acting )
• 1888–1919 00Max Spiele von Hauenschild
• 1919–1921 Hans Deloch00
• 1921 Herbert Suesmann ( representatively )0000000
• 1921–1933 00Paul Bleske
• 1933–1942 00Fritz Bischoff
• 1942-1945 00Zimperich ( representatively )

Local constitution

The district of Cosel was divided into the city of Cosel, rural communities and manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; it was still the county regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony on March 19, 1881. Since January 1, 1939 resulted in the circle Cosel according to the rich now uniform regulation, the term district .

Communities

In 1928, the Cosel district comprised a town and 98 rural communities:

Alt Cosel Autischkau Birawa Birch trees Bitschinitz Blazeowitz Borislawitz Chrost Cosel , city Czienskowitz Czissek Czissowa Dembowa Dobischau Dobroslawitz Dzielau Dzielnitz Dziergowitz fishing Gieraltowitz Gnadenfeld Goschütz Gross Ellguth Great Grauden Groß Neukirch

Great Nimsdorf Grötsch Grzendzin Heinrichsdorf Jaborowitz Jakobsdorf Jakobswalde Januschkowitz Juliusburg Kamionka Kandrzin Karchwitz Small old hammer Klein Ellguth Klein Grauden Klein Nimsdorf Klodnitz Kobelwitz Komorno Koske Kostenthal Krzanowitz Kuschnitzka Landsmierz Lanietz

Lenartowitz Lenkau Lenschütz Libischau Lichinia Lohnau Matzkirch Mechnitz Medar brass hammer Mierzin Miesce Militsch Millowitz Mistitz Nettle joke Sneezers Ortowitz Ostrosnitz Pawlowitzke Pickau Pirchwitz Poborschau Podlesh Potzenkarb Przeborowitz

Przewos Rados show Rashova Reinschdorf Rogau Rokitsch Roschowitzdorf Roschowitzwald Rzetzitz Sackenhoym Sakrau Slaventzitz Stöblau Suckowitz Teschenau Trawnig Tscheidt Urbanowitz Attention Warmunthau Wiegschütz Wielmirzowitz Wittoslawitz Wronin

The municipality-free forestry district Hohenlohewald also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1939

Bitschinitz, on September 30, 1928 at Stöblau Fishing, on April 1, 1937 at Cosel Gnadenfeld II (Pawlowitzke) , on April 1, 1938 in Gnadenfeld Grenzburg (Grzendzin) , on October 1, 1937 to borders Groß Ellguth, to Neusiedel on April 1, 1937 Hirschgraben (Lanietz) , on October 1, 1937 to the borders Kuschnitzka, on July 1, 1933 in Kandrzin Lindenhag (Wielmirzowitz), on April 1, 1937 in Oderhain Millowitz, on January 31, 1936 in Groß Neukirch Mühlengrund (Suckowitz) , on April 1, 1939 in Rosengrund Pirchwitz, on July 1, 1933 in Krzanowitz Raschowa , to Raschowa-Rokitsch on September 30, 1928

Riedgrund (Rzetzitz), on April 1, 1938 in Gnadenfeld Rogau, to Cosel on April 1, 1937 Rokitsch, to Raschowa-Rokitsch on September 30, 1928 Schwerfelde (Czienskowitz) , on January 31, 1936 in Groß Neukirch Stöblau , on April 1, 1939 at Rosengrund Teilbach (Dzielau) , on October 1, 1937 to the borders Unterwalden (Podlesch) , April 1st, 1937 to Schönblick Vierraben (Wronin) , on October 1, 1937 to border Caution, on April 1, 1938, to Gnadenfeld Warmunthau, on April 1, 1938 in Gnadenfeld Wiesenstein (Wittoslawitz) , on October 1, 1937 to the borders

Place names

In 1936 and occasionally even earlier, extensive changes and Germanizations of place names took place in the Cosel district:

Birawa → Reigersfeld Blazeowitz → Altweiler Borislawitz → Saßstädt Brzezetz → Birches (1926) Chrost → Schönhain OS Czienskowitz → Schwerfelde Czissek → Friedenau OS Czissowa → dune field Dembowa → calibrations Dobischau → Hochmühl OS Dobroslawitz → Ehrenhöhe Dzielau → Teilbach Dzielnitz → fill stone Dziergowitz → Oderwalde Gieraltowitz → Gerolsdorf Goschütz → Meisenbusch Grzendzin → border castle Grzendzin → border castle Jaborowitz → Holderfelde Januschkowitz → Oderhain Kamionka → stone pear

Kandrzin → Heydebreck OS Karchwitz → Neusiedel Komorno → Altenwall Koske → Hohenflur Krzanowitz → Long love Landsmierz → Neudeich Lanietz → Hirschgraben Lenartowitz → Forest bridges Lenkau → Wolfswiesen Libischau → Liebenbach Lichinia → Lichtenforst Medar Tin Hammer → Tin Hammer Mierzenzin → Maßdorf Miesce → Luisental OS Mistitz → Schönblick Niesnaschin → Scheinau Ortowitz → Rehwalde OS Ostrosnitz → Cut Castle Pawlowitzke → Gnadenfeld II Poborschau → Eichhagen OS Podlesch → Unterwalden

Polish Neukirch → Groß Neukirch (1923) Potzenkarb → Rodemark Przeborowitz → Herberstein Przewos → ferry village Rados → throttle blow Raschowa-Rokitsch → Mittenbrück Roschowitzdorf → Graefenstein Roschowitzwald → Eichrode Rzetzitz → Riedgrund Sakrau → Rosengrund Slawentzitz → Ehrenforst Suckowitz → Mühlengrund Trawnig → green willow Tscheidt → Ma → waldau Urbanowitz → Kreuzlinden Wiegschütz → Neumannshöh Wielmirzowitz → Lindenhag Wittoslawitz → Wiesenstein Wronin → Vierraben

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 887-960 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 169–170, point 2.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth description of the Prussian monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 58 ff .
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 370–379 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Cosel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• genealogienetz.de: District of Cosel

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. cosel.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 91 ( digitized version ).
11. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
14. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
15. ↑ Acta Borussica Volume 8 / II (1890–1900), p. 498 (PDF file; 2.19 MB)
16. ↑ ^{a b} Landkreis Cosel administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.