District of Liegnitz

District of Liegnitz
coat of arms
Prussian Province	Silesia (1815–1919, 1938–1941) Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district	Liegnitz
County seat	Liegnitz
surface	619 km²
Residents	41,226 (1939)
Population density	67 inhabitants / km²
Communities	87

The district of Liegnitz was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town and seat of the district office was the city of Liegnitz , which had formed its own urban district since 1874 . The former district area is now part of the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Liegnitz , Prussian circles were formed from the three existing old Silesian soft images Goldberg-Haynau, Liegnitz and Lüben. Friedrich Alexander von Hock was appointed as the first district administrator in the Liegnitz district. The district was subordinate to the War and Domain Chamber Glogau, from which in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 the administrative district Liegnitz of the province of Silesia emerged .

As part of border regulations between the administrative districts of Liegnitz and Reichenbach , the village of Poselwitz moved from the district of Striegau to the district of Liegnitz in 1817 and the villages of Panzkau and Simsdorf from the district of Liegnitz to the district of Striegau in 1818. During the district reform in the neighboring district of Breslau on January 1, 1818, the Liegnitz district gave the villages of Blumerode, Maltsch, Maserwitz, Raussen, Rachen and Wältschkau to the Neumarkt district .

During the district reform of January 1, 1820 in the Liegnitz administrative district, the Liegnitz district received the villages of Bienowitz, Briese, Grünthal, Herrndorf, Hummel, Kuchelberg, Merschwitz, Mittel Langenwaldau, Nieder Langenwaldau, Ober Langenwaldau, Panthen, Pfaffendorf, Pohlschildern, Rüstern from the Lüben district , Schönborn, Sechshufen-Langenwaldau, Schwarzvorwerk, Thiergarten and Töpferberg as well as the village of Wildschütz from the Goldberg-Haynau district . The Liegnitz district in turn gave the village of Siegendorf to the Goldberg-Haynau district.

The district of Liegnitz within the boundaries from 1820 to 1932

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On January 1, 1874, the city of Liegnitz was raised to a separate urban district . This gave the Liegnitz district the name of a district .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, a regional reform took place in the Liegnitz district , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, most of the disbanded Jauer district was temporarily incorporated into the Liegnitz district, and the Siegendorf community was also reclassified from the Goldberg-Haynau district to the Liegnitz district. In return, the communities of Haasel, Hänchen, Laasnig and Prausnitz moved from the Liegnitz district to the Goldberg district. On October 1, 1933, the district of Jauer was restored, so that the district of Liegnitz received its old size again, only enlarged by the rural community of Siegendorf.

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians then began in the district, some of them from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	34,099
1819	36,184
1846	60,459
1871	73.201
1885	44,945
1900	42,292
1910	41,730
1925	41,244
1939	41,226

District administrators

• 1742–1745 00Friedrich Alexander von Hock
• 1745–1756 00Johann Wenzel von Trach
• 1757–1758 00Sylvius Rudolph Helmrich von Elgott
• 1758–1780 00Hans Sigismund von Rothkirch and Panthen
• 1781–1794 00Maximilian Friedrich von Gaffron and Oberstradam
• 1795–1817 00Christoph von Kittlitz and Ottendorf
• 1817–1822 00Ludwig von Schwerin
• 1822–1850 00Ernst Sigismund von Berge and Herrndorff
• 1850–1862 Otto von Bernuth00
• 1863–1888 Karl Hoffmann-Scholtz00
• 1888–1899 Karl Schilling00
• 1900–1917 Arthur von Salmuth00
• 1917–1920 Willy von Rother00
• 1920–1932 00Karl Ott
• 1932 0000000Erich Krause (by order )
• 1932–1934 August Loos00
• 1934 0000000Karl Willinger ( substitute )
• 1934–1939 Walther Kühn00
• 1940 0000000Fritz Herber
• 1940 0000000Bernotat
• 1941–1945 William Bernhard von Guenther00

Local constitution

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Liegnitz last comprised a city and 86 rural communities:

Alt Beckern Old nuisance Arnsdorf Check out Perch village Berndorf Bienowitz Dahme Dohnau Dürschwitz Oak wood Fellendorf Gassendorf Gränowitz Greibnig Big Baudiß Gross Beckern Great Janowitz Groß Läswitz Great Tinz Large wall plan Heidau

Heinersdorf Herrndorf Hochkirch Jakobsdorf b. Liegnitz Jenkau Jeschkendorf Campers Kaudewitz Small Baudiß Klein Janowitz Little Tinz Small wall plan Klemmerwitz Kniegnitz Koischwitz Koitz Krayn Kroitsch Kuchelberg Grief Kunitz Kunzendorf

Langenwaldau Leschwitz Liebenau Merschwitz Mertschütz Mönchhof Mighty Neudorf Nikolstadt Oyas Pahlowitz Pansdorf Panting Parchwitz, city Petersdorf Pfaffendorf Pohl signs Pohlwitz Poselwitz Prinkendorf Prinsnig Rogau

Rosenau Rosy Rothkirch Royn Armers Schlottnig Schmochwitz Schönborn Schützendorf Seifersdorf Spittelndorf Tentschel Thiergarten Tscharnikau-Tschierschkau Election instead Waldau Cheek Vineyard Weissenhof Wildschütz sable

The following municipalities lost their independence by 1938:

Bischdorf, on April 1, 1938 in Rosenau Boberau, on April 1, 1938 in Pansdorf Fischerende, on April 1, 1937 in Heinersdorf Hummel, on October 1, 1937, to Rusters Hünern, on September 30, 1928 at Oyas Johnsdorf, on April 1, 1938 in Pahlowitz Kaltenhaus, in Greibnig on October 17, 1928 Klein Schildern, on April 1, 1937 in Heinersdorf Koischke, on January 1, 1934 in Eichholz Koiskau, April 1, 1938 to Zobel Kossendau, on March 13, 1911 in the city of Kossenau Liegnitzer Vorwerke, on April 1, 1937 in Liegnitz Lindenbusch, on October 1, 1936 in Waldau Mankelwitz, in Rosenau on April 1, 1938 Mittel Rüstern, on April 1, 1937, to Rüstern Nieder Heidau, on April 1, 1937 in Heidau Nieder Langenwaldau, on April 1, 1938 in Langenwaldau

Nieder Rüstern, joined on April 1, 1937 Ober Heidau, on April 1, 1937 in Heidau Ober Langenwaldau, on April 1, 1938 in Langenwaldau Ober Rüstern, on April 1, 1937, to Rüstern Raischmannsdorf, on October 17, 1928 at Wahlstatt Romnitz, on April 1, 1938 at Mönchhof Scheibsdorf, on April 1, 1938 in Schlottnig Schimmelwitz, on April 1, 1937 in Schmochwitz Sechshufen Langenwaldau, on April 1, 1937 in Nieder Langenwaldau Seedorf, on April 1, 1938 in Seedorf Siegendorf, on October 1, 1937 in Arnsdorf City of Kossendau, on April 1, 1938 in Klein Tinz Strachwitz, on October 17, 1928 at Wahlstatt Tscharnikau, on September 30, 1928 in Tscharnikau-Tschierschkau Tschierschkau, on September 30, 1928 in Tscharnikau-Tschierschkau Survey, on April 1, 1938 Koitz Weißenleipe, on April 1, 1938 Groß Baudiß

Place names

In 1937 several parishes were renamed:

• Bienowitz → Bienau
• Gränowitz → Grändorf
• Groß Jänowitz → Blüchersfelde
• Klein Jänowitz → Jahnsfeld
• Tscharnikau-Tschierschkau → Schwarzrode

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 212-214, item 1.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 224–235 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Liegnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Community list at Liegnitz-Info
• Description of the Liegnitz district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
8. ^ Official Gazette of the Liegnitz Government 1819, No. 52 . Ordinance on the new district division of December 15, 1819. Liegnitz, p. 470 ( digitized version ).
9. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
11. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
12. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 94 ( digitized version ).
13. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
14. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
15. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
16. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
17. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. liegnitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).