Lilium nanum
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Lilium nanum |
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Lilium nanum is a kind from the family of the lily family (Liliaceae). The species is one of the very small species of the genus and iswidespreadin the Himalayas . Lilium nanum was discovered in 1845 on a trip by Prince Waldemar of Prussia , first described in 1860 and has an eventful systematic history.
description
Lilium nanum is a perennial , herbaceous plant with a stature height of 8 to 42 centimeters. The bulbs are oblong-egg-shaped, 2 to 4 centimeters high and reach a diameter of about 1 to 2.3 centimeters. The 9 to 22 loose scales are white and narrowly lanceolate, usually 2 to 2.5 centimeters high, 0.3 to 0.8 centimeters wide and lying on top of each other like roof tiles.
The slender and upright green stem is cylindrical and hairless and between 0.15 and 0.3 centimeters thick. From the base to almost the end it is evenly covered with eight to fourteen spiral-shaped leaves , these are broad-linear to narrow-linear, between 5 and 15.5 centimeters long and between 0.2 and 0.7 centimeters wide. They are hairless, blunt to rounded at the tip, adaxial (= facing the axis), concave and have three to seven indistinct nerves . The lowest leaves are significantly reduced, occasionally even down to membranous bracts .
The plant blooms in June with a terminal, nodding, bell-shaped single bloom . The flower stalk is narrow and between 0.5 and 5.5 inches long and curved. The basic color of the flowers is lavender to violet, rarely whitish, yellow in the flavidum variety . The six bracts ( tepals ) are almost identical, the bracts of the inner circle are somewhat shorter and wider. Its tip is covered with tiny papillae . The outer bracts are lanceolate, slightly elongated at the tip, 1.2 to 4 centimeters long and 0.3 to 1.2 centimeters wide, on the inside at the base densely fringed with papillae, with a rounded nectarium with a diameter of approx. 1 centimeter. The inner bracts are oblong-round to elliptical, slightly elongated at the tip, 1.1 to 3.8 inches long and 0.4 to 1.6 inches wide. They are even more fringed on the inside at the base than the outer ones, with an elongated elliptical nectarium that has a diameter of about 0.3 centimeters.
The slender stamens run towards each other, are hairless and between 0.1 and 1.3 centimeters long. The anthers are elongated-round, pointed and unopened up to 0.6 centimeters, after opening 0.3 to 0.4 centimeters long. The strongly ribbed ovary is cylindrical or oblong-round to cylindrical, 0.5 to 1 centimeter long and 0.2 to 0.6 centimeter thick. The stylus is 0.3 to 1.1 centimeters long and hairless, the stigma is three-lobed and 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. The yellow seed pods with a purple tinge on the ribs are approximately elliptical, 2.5 to 2.7 centimeters long and around 2 centimeters in diameter, they ripen in September. The seeds are flat, almost triangular, narrowly winged, 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters long and germinate immediately - epigeously .
Distribution and locations
The species is native to the Himalayas . It occurs in southwest China (Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), in the north of Myanmar , in Nepal , Bhutan and India ( Sikkim ). It settles there at altitudes between 3500 m and 4500 m NN , but is also found above the tree line ; Turrill cites finds at an altitude of 5795 m. Reports from Nepal, Tibet, Sikkim and Bhutan describe them as widespread and blooming during the monsoon season .
It inhabits open, grassy and often rocky mountain slopes as well as forest edges, pine forests, thickets or meadows in an alpine location, occasionally in a shady and protected location near junipers , rhododendrons and dwarf birch trees .
Systematics
Lilium nanum is a typical representative of the dwarf lily species and belongs to the Sinomartagon section , the largest section of the genus, in the classic classification model according to Harold Comber .
More recent molecular genetic studies have made it clear, however, that the section is not monophyletic and is divided into at least two groups that are not yet clearly broken down. Lilium nanum was therefore provisionally assigned to "Pseudo Sinomartagon ". The morphologically very similar Lilium oxypetalum proved to be a direct sister taxon , but it is also close to the genus Nomocharis .
The internal system of the species was controversial, but has now largely been clarified. In addition to the nominate form, there is also a variety
- L. nanum var. Flavidum : The flowers are yellow in color. The variety occurs exclusively in Tibet, Yunnan and Myanmar.
Botanical history
Lilium nanum was collected in 1845 by Werner Hoffmeister , the friend, doctor and travel companion of Prince Waldemar of Prussia during his trip through Asia, the exact location and the exact date of the collection are unknown, since Hoffmeister at the Battle of Ferozeshah on 21 to Was killed December 22, 1845.
The botanical processing of the collected material was carried out in Berlin by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch . He wrote the first description, but died in 1860 before the completion of the manuscript on the entire material. Christian August Friedrich Garcke completed this and published in 1862 “The botanical results of the journey of his royal family. Highness of Prince Waldemar of Prussia in 1845 a. 46 “in two volumes. Since the first description contained therein came solely from Klotzsch's pen, he is the sole author. The species epithet refers to the relatively low height of the plant (Latin “nanus” = “dwarf”).
The type specimen has not survived; it was last documentedly seen in 1875 by John Gilbert Baker . It is noteworthy that the first description with “bloom ... white” and “finely pubescent” cites two characteristics that contradict today's knowledge of the species.
From 1900 onwards, with increasingly frequent collections, various forms of the species were rewritten and assigned to other genera. Hooker (1892) and Rendle (1906) described specimens as Fritillaria , in 1925 Ernest Henry Wilson placed the species in the genus Nomocharis without comment . The variety flavidum was temporarily listed as a separate species Lilium euxanthum , but this view is generally no longer followed (see also here ). In contrast, Lilium nanum var. Brevistylum, first described in 1980 as a variety of Lilium nanum, was spun off as a separate species in 1986.
proof
- WB Turrill: A Supplement to Elwes' Monograph of the Genus Lilium , Part IX, 1962, pp. 9-12
- Flora of China , Vol. 24, p. 139, online
- Mark Wood: Lily Species - Notes and Images. CD-ROM, version of July 13, 2006
Individual evidence
- ^ WB Turrill: A Supplement to Elwes' Monograph of the Genus Lilium , Part IX, 1962, p. 10
- ↑ Stainton, JDA: Lilies and Fritillaries of the Himalaya , Royal Horticultural Society Lily Yearbook, 1970, p. 108-109, quoted from Mark Wood, Lily Species - Notes and Images.
- ↑ Nishikawa Tomotaro, Okazaki Keiichi, Arakawa Katsuro, Nagamine Tsukasa: Phylogenetic Analysis of Section Sinomartagon in Genus Lilium Using Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region in Nuclear Ribosomal DNA , in: 育種 学 雑 誌 Breeding science, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 39-46
- ↑ Tomotaro Nishikawa, Keiichi Okazaki: New Lily Evolution Insights From a DNA Sequence Approach . In: The Lily Yearbook of the North American Lily Society 2006, 59: 2007, pp. 27-32
- ↑ In the Latin version it says more precisely "flore ... candido", i.e. pure white without any other coloring.
- ↑ Entry at IPNI
