List of chemical warfare agents

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List of chemical warfare agents that are or were manufactured artificially for the purpose of killing enemy soldiers in the event of war or making them incapable of fighting, dispersing demonstrators or - with a further definition of the term " chemical warfare agent " - cutting off the enemy's food supply (see: defoliants ) to impair the enemy's vision (see: smoke and eye warfare agents ) or to render enemy positions and armored vehicles unusable (see: incendiary agents ). The first missions in World War I , World War II and Vietnam War are explicitly shown . The list does not claim to be complete. An assignment to the individual warfare agent groups is not always clearly possible.

For the exact differentiation of the warfare agent groups: see warfare agent class

Eye warfare agents (white cross)

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Benzyl bromide Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 6,000 / dermal not fatal
Benzyl iodide BJ Yes/-/- ?
bromine BR Yes/-/- LC Lo (Inh.): 1000  ppm / LD Lo (oral): 14 mg kg −3 
Bromoacetone B, BA B-fabric Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,000–4,000 / dermal not fatal
Bromoacetophenone
Bromobenzyl cyanide (bromophenylacetonitrile) BBC, CA Carnite, CA fabric, Camite F Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 8,000–11,000 / dermal not fatal

LC (cont.):> 11,600 (mouse) / 100 mg kg −3 (rat, oral)

Ethyl bromoacetate EBA Yes/-/- unknown, carcinogenic
Xylyl bromide , xylylene bromide Lilac gas, T-cloth, elder gas Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 6,000 / dermal not fatal
Chloroacetophenone CN Tear gas -/-/Yes LC t50 ( cont .): 7,000-14,000 / dermally not fatal
Chloroacetone Tonite, A fabric Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,000 / dermal not fatal
Bromomethyl ethyl ketone Yes/-/-
Iodoacetone Yes/-/-
2-chlorobenzylidenemalonic acid dinitrile CS Tear gas, CS gas -/-/Yes LC t50 ( cont .): 61,000
Dibenzoxazepine CR Tear gas LC t50 ( cont .): 80,000–100,000 / dermally non-fatal, carcinogenic in mice
Oleoresin Capsicum
or Capsaicin u. Derivatives 		OC pepper spray
Ethyl iodoacetate SK Yes/-/-
Methyl sulfuric acid chloride Villanite Yes/-/-
Monochloromethyl chloroformate Yes/-/-
Di chloromethyl chloroformate Yes/-/-
Ethyl sulfuric acid chloride Yes/-/-
Thiophosgene Yes/-/-
o- nitrobenzyl chloride Sneeze powder

Nasal and throat warfare agents (blue cross)

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Arsine oil A oil Yes/-/-
Mixture of
diphenylamine chlorarsine and
ethyl bromoacetate 		BX Blind-X LC t50 ( cont .): 8,800 / dermal not fatal
Diphenylarsine chloride THERE CLARK 1 Yes/-/- LC t50 ( inh .): 15,000 / dermal not fatal
Diphenylarsine cyanide DC CLARK 2 Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 10,000 / dermal not fatal
Diphenylaminarsine cyanide DD CLARK 3
N -ethyl carbazole and anthracene oil Anthracene oil Yes/-/-
10-chloro-9,10-dihydroacridarsine Excelsior LC t50 ( cont .): 8,500 / dermal not fatal
10-chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine, diphenylamine chlorarsine DM Adamsite LC t50 ( cont .): 11,000–13,000 / dermal not fatal
Triphenylarsine dichloride TD
o- dianisidine chlorosulfonate Yes/-/-
p- nitrophenylarsine chloride Para Yes/-/-

Lung warfare agents (Grünkreuz)

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
chlorine CL Yes/-/- LC t50 ( inh .): 20,000 / dermal not fatal
Chloropicrine PS Knock Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 7,500–15,000 / dermally not fatal
Chlorine trifluoride CF N-substance
Dimethyl sulfate D. D fabric Yes/-/-
Carbonyl chloride CG Phosgene Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,200 / dermal not fatal
Diphosgene DP Pstoff Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,200 / dermal not fatal
Triphosgene TP
Arsine SA Arsin, M 300 LC t50 ( cont .): 5,000
Propenal DG Acrolein Yes/-/-
Perfluoroisobutene PFIB LC t50 ( inh .): 320 / dermal not fatal
Perchloromethyl mercaptan Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont ., Mouse) 296 mg 2h −1 m −3 /
0.5 ml kg −1 (guinea pig, dermal)
Phenylcarbylamine chloride FS Yes/-/-
Bis (bromomethyl) ether Bibi Yes/-/-
Bis (chloromethyl) ether Cibi Yes/-/-
Ethylarsine dibromide Yes/-/-
Cyanoformate ester Yes/-/-
Phenylarsine dibromide Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 4,800 / dermal not fatal

Skin warfare agents (yellow cross)

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide HD Lost , mustard gas , yperite Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 1,650 / LD 50 ( percutaneous ): 7,800
Bis (2-chloroethylthio) methane HK see. Mustard Gas (Lost)
Bis (2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether T Oxol mustard LC t50 ( cont .): 200-400
1,2-bis (2-chloroethylthio) ethane Q Sesqui-yperite LC t50 ( cont .): 1,650-2,250
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ethylamine HN-1 Ethyl-S LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 20,000
Bis (2-chloroethyl) methylamine HN-2 Mechlorethamine, chloromethine LC t50 ( cont .): 3,000 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 12,000
Tris (2-chloroethyl) amine HN-3 Trichloromethine LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 10,000
2-chlorovinylarsine dichloride L-1 Lewisite -1 LC t50 ( cont .): 1,250 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000
Bis (2-chlorovinyl) chlorarsine L-2 Lewisite-2 LC t50 ( cont .): 1,350 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000
Tris (2-chlorovinyl) arsine L-3 Lewisite-3 LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000
Phenylarsine dichloride PD Clever Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 2,600 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000
Ethyl arsenic dichloride ED Thick Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,000-5,000 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000
Methylarsine dichloride MD Medic, Methyl Dick Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 3,000-5,000 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 100,000

Nettle fabrics (red cross)

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Dibromophosgene oxime - / - / -
Dichloroformaldoxime - / - / - LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500-3,200 / LD 50 ( percutaneous ): 2,500-9,000
Phosgene oxime CX - / - / - LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500-3,200 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 2,500-9,000

Blood warfare agents

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Hydrogen cyanide AC Hydrocyanic acid
(see also Zyklon B ) 		Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 2,000-5,000 / LD 50 : 8,000-12,000
Arsine SA Arsin, M 300 LC t50 ( cont .): 5,000
Arsenic trichloride AT
Bromocyanide CB Ce fabric Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 2,000 / dermal not fatal
Cyanogen chloride CK T 150 Yes/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 7,000-11,000
Methyl cyanoformate CC
Carbon monoxide CO
Nitrochloroform methyl isocyanate CP Ditrapex (mixture of 1,2-dichloropropane , 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate ) LC t50 ( cont .): 1,800-2,000
2-fluoroethanol FEA LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500-4,000
Hydrogen fluoride HF LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500-2,300
Methyl fluoroacetate MFA LC t50 ( cont .): 1,500
Sodium fluoroacetate NFA
Hydrogen sulfide NG Yes/-/-
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Iron pentacarbonyl

Nerve agents

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )

Ethyl dimethylphosphoramidocyanate		 GA Tabun , Gelan I. No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 200-400 / LD 50 ( percutaneous ): 1,000-4,000
Isopropyl methyl fluorophosphonate GB Sarin , Gelan III No/-/- LC t100 : 70-100 / LC t50 : 150-180 / IC t50 : 40-55
(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl) methanfluor-
phosphonate 		GD Soman ; thickened soman: VR-55 No/-/- LC t50 : 70 (inhalation) / LC t50 : 7,500-10,000 (percutaneous) / IC t50 : 25
Cyclohexoxymethyl phosphoryl fluoride GF Cyclosarin No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 75-120 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 30-60
Phosphonofluorodiisopropyl ester, diisopropyl fluorophosphate DFP Gelan II No/-/-
Chlorobenzene sarin, thickened sarin No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 70 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 350
(±) -2- N , N -dimethylaminoethyl (dimethylamido) fluorophosphate GV GV-11 No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 35-75 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 25
O , O- Diethyl- S - [2-diethylaminoethyl]
thiophosphate 		VG Amiton No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 80-100 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 35
O -ethyl- S - [2-diethylaminoethyl]
methylphosphonothiolate 		VM
O - (2-methylpropyl) - S - [2-diethylaminoethyl]
methylphosphonothiolate 		VR RVX No/-/- LC t50 ( cont .): 50 / LD 50 (percutaneous): 10
O -ethyl- S - [2- [bis (1-methylethyl) amino] ethyl]
-ethylphosphonothiolate 		VS
O -ethyl- S - [2-diisopropylaminoethyl]
methylphosphonothiolate 		VX No/-/- LD 50 : 0.007 mg / kg / LC t50 : 36–45 / IC t50 : 5
Novichok -7
Novichok-8
Novichok-9
Novichok-X

Psychological warfare agents

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Lysergic acid diethylamide LSD No/-/-
3-quinuclidinyl benzilate BZ Benzilic acid ester no Yes
Glycolic acid ester A15 Agent 15 No/-/-
Phencyclidine Agent SN, Sernyl No no/-
3-methylfentanyl Kolokol-1 no no no

Defoliants / Herbicides

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
1: 1 mixture of
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 		Agent Orange no / no / yes significant poisonous effect due to the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin content
Dimethylarsinic acid Agent Blue no / no / yes
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4,5-T ) or
2,4,5-T- n- butyl ester or 2,4,5-T-isobutyl ester 		Agent Green no / no / yes
1: 1 mixture of
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid n- butyl ester and
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid isobutyl ester 		Agent Pink no / no / yes
5: 3: 2 mixture of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid n- butyl ester,
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid n- butyl ester and
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid isobutyl ester 		Agent Purple no / no / yes
4: 1 mixture of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid triisopropanolamine salt and
picloram triisopropanolamine salt 		Agent White no / no / yes

Incendiary agents

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
phosphorus Yes Yes Yes White P .: LD Lo 1.4–22 mgkg −1 (human, oral)
Napalm : Gel from fuel oil + thickener (a) Al-soap of Na pthen- and Pa lmitinsäure (n) or (b) (Napalm-B) plastic polymer no / yes / yes
Thermit : iron (III) oxide and aluminum (granulate mixture)

Smoke warfare agents

chemical code Common name Use in the
First / Second World War / Vietnam 		Toxicological data
LC t50 (mg min m −3 ) / LD 50 (mg m −3 )
Chlorosulfonic acid
Titanium tetrachloride
Tin tetrachloride
60:40 or 50:50 mixture of
chlorosulfonic acid and
sulfur trioxide 		Mist acid -/Yes/-
Polychlorinated naphthalenes

literature

  • Achim Th. Schäfer: Lexicon of biological and chemical warfare agents. 2nd edition, Köster, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89574-515-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l DTIG: First combat agents deployed in World War I ( Memento from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 70 kB)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k DTIG: Dossier Chemical Warfare Agents ( Memento from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 127 kB).
  3. ↑ a b W.B. Deichmann: Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals . Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1969, p. 645.
  4. ↑ a b Entry on bromine in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
  5. ^ National Defense Research Committee. Office of Scientific Research and Development, Progress Report. Volume ND, Crc-132, August 1942.
  6. ↑ a b Entry on bromophenylacetonitrile in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
  7. ^ National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, Review. Volume 5, p. 32, 1953.
  8. ↑ Data sheet ethyl bromoacetate from AlfaAesar, accessed on January 13, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .
  9. ↑ Entry on dibenzoxazepine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on September 10, 2013.
  10. ↑ Toxicometric parameter of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure, Izmerov, NF, et al., Moscow, Center of International Projects, GKNT, p 97 1982.
  11. ^ National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533569
  12. ^ Reid Kirby: Paradise Lost: The Psycho Agents. (PDF; 379 kB) The CBW Conventions Bulletin, No. 71, May 2006, p. 2.
  13. ↑ Chandré Gould, Peter I. Folb, Robert Berold (Eds.): Project Coast: Apartheid's Chemical and Biological Warfare Program. United Nations Publications UNIDIR, 2002, p. 92, ISBN 92-9045-144-0 .
  14. ^ Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium. Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966, p. 901.
  15. ↑ poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments, 2nd Edition, Arena, JM, Springfield, IL, CC Thomas, Volume 2, 1970, p. 73.
  16. ↑ American Heart Journal . Volume 84, 1972, p. 139.