List of architectural monuments in Fürth
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List of architectural monuments in Fürth :
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The monuments of the Central Franconian city of Fürth are compiled on this page . This table is a partial list of the list of architectural monuments in Bavaria . The basis is the Bavarian Monument List , which was first drawn up on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973 and has since been managed by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The following information does not replace the legally binding information from the monument protection authority.
Fürth claims the title of “monument city” because, according to a survey from 2004 with 17.74 monuments per 1000 inhabitants, it allegedly has the “highest monument density of all major German cities”, with at least Leipzig (28.76), Heidelberg (19, 38) and Dresden (18.55) had higher rates. The basic justification of the title is currently viewed increasingly critically due to numerous demolitions and guttings.
Ensembles
Ensemble Alexanderstraße / Hallplatz
File number E-5-63-000-1
The ensemble consists of Alexanderstraße and Hallplatz. The older section of Alexanderstraße - between Schwabacher and Hallstraße - was laid out according to plan under Margrave Alexander 1763-67 and was the second straight-lined street in Fürth after the same tree street and is characterized by three-storey mansard roof houses in the margravial baroque (square buildings).
The northeast row of houses with the odd numbers gave way almost completely to the new building of the so-called " City Center " in the 1980s . Although this shopping center tried to integrate it into the townscape by means of eaves height, natural stone cladding and the use of individual components of the previous development, it is not part of the ensemble - apart from the houses Alexanderstraße 1 and 3 and Schwabacher Straße 5a on its northeast corner. The classicistic , two-story eaves - standing row of houses at Königstrasse 107-131 (odd numbers), which was built around 1800, already belongs to Hallplatz . This row of houses (or Königstraße) borders Hallplatz to the east and forms a seal against the Pegnitz lowlands .
The floor plan of the triangular Hallplatz arises from the street axes Alexanderstrasse, Bäumenstrasse and Königstrasse. To the west, a group of palatial houses from around 1830 close off Hallplatz (Alexanderstraße 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, Königstraße 128/130), according to the State Office for Monument Preservation , this is the “best quality classical group of houses in Fürth”. On the eastern side of the square is the classicist Catholic Church of Our Lady, the plans of which have recently been attributed to Leo von Klenze and which were built from 1824 by building inspector Johann Brüger. Two neo-baroque monumental buildings form the north end of Hallplatz : the district court from 1898/1900 and the city theater , built in 1901/02 based on a design by Fellner & Helmer .
Old town ensemble
File number E-5-63-000-9
The ensemble primarily comprises the historical town center, as it developed on a medieval floor plan from its complete destruction in 1634 to the middle of the 18th century; an exception is the newly built south-west section between Königstrasse and Lilienstraße (with the former Israelite schoolyard around the main synagogue destroyed in the pogrom of 1938 ) that was not preserved after a so-called “ area renovation ” (synonymous with total demolition ). The historical and urban core area is formed by the medieval market town, which can still be seen in the floor plan, which was mainly rural until it was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War .
Since the reconstruction in the 17th century, the place has experienced an expansion to the south-east, mainly due to the strong population growth, and a densification of the buildings. The Waagstrasse / Obere Fischerstrasse line should represent an older settlement boundary; but on the view of the town from 1630, the development extends roughly into the area of the Upper Mill and the Helmplatz. The medieval market town, which was first occupied in 1007, was grouped around the twice-kinked through axis Maxbrücke (former Badbrücke) - (lower) Königstraße (former Untere Frankfurter Straße) - Marktplatz - Gustavstraße (until 1827: Bauerngasse).
The Bauerngasse was functionally connected to the market square, in the Bauergasse the farmers parked their carts and stopped at the numerous restaurants. The market square was rebuilt on the southern side as part of the so-called “ old town renovation ” - actually an unprecedented demolition of 132 historic houses in the 1970s. Otherwise, Marktplatz and Gustavstraße still show the typical image of an old Franconian small town. On the lower Königstrasse (eastern part of Königstrasse to Schwammbergerstrasse), the old buildings have only been preserved on the north side. The south side (even numbers) was demolished and rebuilt in the course of the so-called "old town renovation". Partially numbered original stones were used for the facades. The conspicuously small-scale structures in the ensemble area were probably created through "smashing" ( real division ), a change of function (handicrafts, manufactories, retail trade) as well as renovation and settlement of the former farms, whose agricultural function was given up from the 17th to 19th centuries.
The church square around the parish church of St. Michael , completely isolated from traffic, was a cemetery until 1811. The northeast edge of the ensemble is formed by Pegnitzstrasse, Untere Fischerstrasse and Mühlstrasse. The narrow Helmstrasse forms a remote area with the old building substance that has been preserved. The main axis of the post-medieval expansion area became the Königstraße, which replaced Gustavstraße as the main traffic axis in the 18th century. On the north side of Königstrasse between house numbers 39 and 81 (odd numbers) a row of stately mansard roof houses from the 18th century gives it a uniform character. As a connection between Königstrasse and Gustavstrasse, the Schindelgasse, which is still largely closed, was built in the late 17th century, the most striking example of settlement densification through development of courtyard and rear areas. The further connection to Waagstrasse was originally the interior of a large agricultural property.
With the layout of the Königsplatz (originally Dreikönigsplatz), a second focus next to the old market square was intended. The local expansion in the area of today's town hall goes back to the initiative of the Margraves of Ansbach . On the site of today's town hall, the margraves built the Brandenburg House, which was initially intended as a castle (subsequently an inn). The ensemble also includes the largely preserved row of residential buildings in Königstrasse 90–110 (even numbers) and the parallel, straight Baumstrasse, which is included up to the southern end of the preserved old buildings. The northern line of Schirmstrasse (odd numbers 1–11) is also part of the Old Town ensemble. The ensemble also includes the group of late historicist and Art Nouveau public buildings south and east of Helmplatz (Eichamt, school, fire house and grammar school), which replaced a previous building. The Helmplatz forms the southern end of the ensemble.
Ensemble town center Burgfarrnbach
File number E-5-63-000-7
The place at the confluence of the Farrnbach, which was probably created in the course of the early Carolingian settlement of the Regnitzfurche at a strategically important point, was first mentioned in 903. First called Oberfarrnbach, the place was later named Burgfarrnbach after the two aristocratic residences probably existing before 1303.
The ensemble encompasses the narrower historical center - without the so-called Hinterdorf south of the Farrnbach - which is made up of three different but connected parts of the settlement. The center of the place as a settlement encompasses the elongated main street (Würzburger Straße) in the extension from the entrance to the castle to the extension called Kapellenplatz in the west. For a long time, this square was occupied by buildings on the site of the eponymous chapel - built by the patrician family Volckamer in 1478 and partially preserved until 1897.
This "Upper Chapel" was opposite the "Lower Chapel" approximately on the old eastern edge of the village and at the level of the castle entrance. The slightly curved street is mainly characterized by free-standing, mostly gable-end farmhouses and houses. The inns, such as the stately eaves-sided saddle roof building from the 17th century, Würzburger Strasse 476, and the baroque mansard roof building of a post office, Würzburger Strasse 488, at the junction to Regelsbach, create striking accents and memories of the old traffic route to Würzburg.
The gothic parish church is surrounded by the churchyard and the former school (Regelsbacher Straße 3/5) in the Zwickel south of the main street and west of the Regelsbacher Straße. Around this lofty and widely visible church, one of the oldest St. John's churches in the area, is a cluster of village-like buildings. The irregular layout reveals this area as an old settlement center near an abandoned moated castle.
This third associated settlement center of Burgfarrnbach is represented today by the neo-classical palace of the Counts Pückler-Limpurg (today city archive). The mighty palace, built in 1830/34, together with its ancillary and farm buildings and the palace park, border the town to the south. The former brewery in the castle courtyard was replaced in 1983/84 by a new home for the elderly.
In the interaction of Hauptstrasse (Würzburger Strasse), Kirchberg and Schloss, Burgfarrnbach is still recognizable today as a typically Franconian rulership.
Ensemble own home
File number E-5-63-000-3
The Eigenes Heim ensemble consists of two historical parts, one of the oldest on Vacher and Heimgartenstrasse and the more recent one on Damaschke and Weinbergstrasse. This settlement activity began with the establishment of a building cooperative Eigenes Heim on October 22, 1909, which set itself the task of building, acquiring and looking after small apartments. The own home in Fürth is therefore one of the early undertakings influenced by the garden city movement, as it came into being one year after the Nuremberg Garden City was founded and at the same time as its first plans.
The older part was built by the Fürth architects Peringer & Rogler in the area of Vacher Strasse, Heimgartenstrasse and Feldstrasse in 1910/1911. These semi-detached houses with half-timbered motifs, which are mostly picturesque and varied, correspond to the house types that were also characteristic in the garden cities at the beginning of the garden city movement before the First World War . The characteristic street name of Heimgartenstrasse, named in 1909, also points to the relationship between a small house unit (= home) and garden, which is opposed to the tenement houses as healthy living.
Above this part of the settlement on the Schwand, the settlement was continued after the First World War. The architects of the Nuremberg garden city Lehr & Leubert planned and built here. Now - 1919–1922 - for economic reasons, more strictly designed row house groups were built on Weingartenstrasse and Damaschkestrasse. The development on the east side of Damaschkestrasse was completed in 1914. Despite the more objective design, the architects succeeded in creating a diversified urban area with an archway motif and square-like widenings. The renaming of the former Schwandstrasse to Damaschkestrasse in 1925, in memory of the land reformer Adolf Damaschke (1865–1935), also expresses the reform intentions of this settlement. As usual with these settlements in front of the city, a consumer building and a restaurant were not forgotten.
Ensemble Friedrichstrasse
File number E-5-63-000-4
The street is named after the Fürth merchant and co-founder of the Ludwig Railway , Johann Heinrich Friedrich Meyer (1787–1847). Due to its location at the former station of the oldest German railway, which opened in 1835, the street had a significance in the 19th century that is still vividly expressed today in the monumental uniformity of the buildings. As a rule, these are three-story, broadly proportioned eaves houses with sandstone facades. The style and coherence of the street scene that emerged in the 1940s and 50s of the 19th century shows the model of Friedrich von Gärtner's buildings on Munich's Ludwigstrasse , which were modified here for the needs of a bourgeois city characterized by industry and trade.
Ensemble Hornschuchpromenade / Königswarterstraße
File number E-5-63-000-5
The ensemble consists of the development of the Hornschuchpromenade and Königswarterstraße with the adjoining side streets and the small park and avenue in the middle. Along the north side of the former Ludwig Railway, the oldest railway line in Germany, opened here in 1835, a narrow urban green area, the promenade, was laid out in 1838. The "upper wine route" running north here was not renamed Promenade until 1890, until it was named Hornschuch Promenade in 1912, commemorating a benefactor of the city. The former Bahnhofstrasse, which runs south and has been Königswarterstrasse since 1875, was named after a wealthy benefactor of the city. The names already document the importance of the monument as a representative complex of the wealthy and influential bourgeoisie of Fürth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Since 1883, mostly four-storey stately tenement houses with lavishly designed sandstone facades in the forms of late historicism (neo-renaissance, neo-baroque, German renaissance) have been built on these two streets. The architectural expansion was completed in the early 20th century with an independent Fürth expression of the architecture of the Art Nouveau period. The unity of the slightly converging complex - with the park in the middle and a narrow west facade, which was created by the constriction on Luisenstrasse and which, with the facade of Rudolf-Breitscheid-Strasse 51, also has a representative design - is preserved by one of contemporaries with Parisians Urban unit compared to boulevards. The exceptionally well-preserved building stock extends partly as symmetrically related assemblies into the smaller side streets, so that these cannot be separated from the overall complex.
To this day, the most elegant living area of the affluent bourgeoisie of the commercial and industrial city of Fürth can be seen, which in its almost completely preserved closeness also represents one of the most impressive Wilhelminian city quarters in Bavaria and Germany. However, there are also disturbances to be noted, such as the properties at Hornschuchpromenade 11 and 19, as well as the new buildings at Königswarterstraße 82 and 84 instead of a factory owner's villa.
Ensemble Karolinenstrasse
File number E-5-63-000-6
The ensemble comprises an eastern section of Karolinenstraße (between Dambacher Straße and Schwabacher Straße), which is named after Karoline Gieß, the owner's wife of house no. 64 (outside the ensemble). The street stands for the z. Partly planned expansion of the city into the southern part of the city, which began with the bridgehead-like corner on Schwabacher Strasse. The development of the southern part of the city was delayed compared to the western city center and the eastern part of the city due to the separation by the Nuremberg – Würzburg railway line, which was completed on October 1, 1862 in the Fürth-Nürnberg sub-area .
The completely closed street scene west of Schwabacher Straße is built on with elegant, almost exclusively three-storey houses from 1873 (No. 2 and 15). On its south side, the front gardens with the historical fences, which are rather untypical for Fürth, have been preserved. The architecture particularly represents the early Wilhelminian era with classifying forms and arched windows , but also late forms of the German Renaissance (here: special form of the Neo-Renaissance ). At the west end towards Dambacher Straße, the two-storey corner houses show the character of a villa , which corresponded to the original and in some ways still preserved suburban situation. At the east end of the area built on on both sides, the withdrawal line on the north side leads to the railway underpass of Schwabacher Strasse. The “Letra-Haus” (Karolinenstraße 17 / Schwabacher Straße 66) built in 1954–56 is the only “modern” - nevertheless listed - building in the street that just closes the line of flight at this point. Opposite it, a stately corner house (Karolinenstrasse 20) created a reference to the exposed location and the urban context of Schwabacher Strasse at this point as early as 1897/98.
Ensemble town center Poppenreuth
File number E-5-63-000-8
The ensemble encompasses the core of the street village of Poppenreuth, the main axis of which is enclosed by one to two-storey gabled houses with their courtyard walls.
Poppenreuth, which emerged as a clearing village, probably belonged to the Königsmark Fürth; In 1504 Poppenreuth is referred to as a parish village that is Nuremberg and cathedral provost-Bamberg, which indicates the rulership until the late Middle Ages.
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In 1900 it was incorporated into Fürth. The village has nevertheless been able to retain its village character, which is particularly due to the historical and monumental focus of the parish church, rectory and the so-called market house with courtyard. The evang.-luth. The parish church of St. Peter and Paul still shows its original peripheral location in today's townscape and is surrounded by a walled churchyard; As one of the oldest churches in the so-called Knoblauchsland, it is the former mother parish of St. Sebald in Nuremberg. Opposite is the rectory, a massive hipped roof building from 1707 with surrounding land from 1765. With the so-called market house with its stately, massive barn building, also in close proximity to the church, and other stable houses, a dense inventory of monuments has been preserved in the town center. The farm buildings from the 18th to the late 19th century form the rear end of the courtyard. The half-timbered barn Poppenreuther Straße 119, in front of which the street gives way to the south, forms the western focal point and end of the ensemble.
Ensemble Former US officers' settlement in Dambach
File number E-5-63-000-10
The settlement for American staff officers and colonels located on the outskirts, near the eponymous suburb of Dambach, is a typical example of settlement construction in the 1950s. The residential complex was designed by the Frankfurt architect Franz C. Throll in 1954 on behalf of the government of Middle Franconia under the supervision of the Nuremberg Tax Building Authority and carried out until 1959.
It is accessed by three curved streets. Beethovenstrasse and Haydnstrasse form a loop. Haydnstrasse and Brahmsstrasse are merged in the north around a roundabout with a former water basin. Along the streets, in the middle of a spacious, communal, park-like green area, two types of a total of 44 residential buildings are arranged, often at an angle to one another. Most of them are oriented north-south for good exposure. These consist of two-storey, eaves-standing houses with a gable-sided, exterior chimney and a flat gable roof. Either there are semi-detached houses for the staff officers with a balcony at the rear and a car drive-in, or single-family houses for the highest officers with a garage extension. These eleven single-family houses are located in the north of the settlement. All houses are heavily windowed, with three-part door windows to the rear facing the terrace. The entrance is marked by a simple, trapezoidal canopy. The car undercarriages attached to the side of the semi-detached houses are formed from a flat concrete ceiling supported by slim round steel supports. The settlement was supplied with heat from a transformer station.
Ensemble of the Dambach civil servants' settlement
File number E-5-63-000-11
The Bavarian State Monument Council decided on October 30, 2015, at the request of the former city administrator Alexander Mayer, to designate the so-called civil servants' settlement as an ensemble.
The Dambach civil servants' settlement, which was built in several construction phases in 1921-26, is a coherent residential complex, almost unchanged from the construction period, consisting of 16 blocks of 2, 3 and 4 blocks with a total of 55 apartments of 80 m² each. The housing estate was planned by the building office Bräutigam & Wiessner, who were already very busy in Fürth housing construction before the First World War, together with an architect Bendel from Nuremberg. The individual residential buildings are two-storey pitched roof buildings with regular windows placed on the eaves side. Strongly profiled, cranked eaves cornices serve to structure. The monotony of the overall uniform appearance of the settlement is avoided by occasionally set, flat floor bays and simple plaster ornaments. The roof landscape is accentuated by angular bat and saddle dormers as well as by the unplastered clinker stone chimneys. The former stable buildings belonging to each residential building are partly free-standing, partly single-storey gable roof buildings that are in front of the gable ends. The formal language of the settlement shows the transition from a baroque style of the homeland to the approaches of a factual modernity. The groups of houses stand along two ring-shaped streets and enclose a large, open garden area with narrow access paths. The residential buildings and their gardens represent a related, picturesque unit. The positioning of the buildings, the routing and the lines of sight form a closed unit. The establishment of the Dambach civil servant settlement was a direct response to the severe housing shortage that arose after the end of the First World War, especially in large cities. The creation of affordable living space for urban and state civil servant families while at the same time taking into account reformist ideas such as one's own garden with a small stable building serving for self-sufficiency is of great socio-historical importance. Due to its structural cohesion, coordinated with peaceful coexistence and which can still be experienced today, the settlement is an example of a small residential complex with garden character that has become rare for the 1920s. The settlement stands for an ambitious urban development solution to the serious housing problem that arose after the end of the First World War. The creation of as much living space as possible could be convincingly combined with a picturesque urban appearance and the reform intentions prevailing at the time. The gardens, including the stable buildings and access routes, are additional monument values of the ensemble.
See also
Remarks
- ↑ City center, including Espan, Hardhöhe, Nordstadt, Oststadt, Südstadt and Westvorstadt.
- ↑ This list may not correspond to the current status of the official list of monuments. The latter can be viewed on the Internet as a PDF using the link given under web links and is also mapped in the Bavarian Monument Atlas . Even these representations, although they are updated daily by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , do not always and everywhere reflect the current status. Therefore, the presence or absence of an object in this list or in the Bavarian Monument Atlas does not guarantee that it is currently a registered monument or not. The Bavarian List of Monuments is also an information directory. The monument property - and thus the legal protection - is defined in Art. 1 of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG) and does not depend on the mapping in the monument atlas or the entry in the Bavarian monument list. Objects that are not listed in the Bavarian Monument List can also be monuments if they meet the criteria according to Art. 1 BayDSchG. Early involvement of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation according to Art. 6 BayDSchG is therefore necessary in all projects.
Individual evidence
- ↑ StadtZeitung Fürth, Volume 60, May 5, 2004 (No. 9), p. 5, see PDF online edition.
- ↑ Alexander Mayer: Monument city with mourning ribbon . In: Fürther Freiheit from October 9, 2014; Johannes Alles: Neue Mitte Fürth: Four monuments tumble off the list . In: Fürther Nachrichten of July 24, 2014.
- ↑ Alexander Mayer: Official housing estate becomes the tenth monument ensemble . In: Fürther Freiheit from December 18, 2015.
- ↑ Volker Dittmar: Protection for Ensemble . In: Fürther Nachrichten of December 18, 2015, p. 31.
- ↑ Alexander Mayer: Circular 84
literature
- Heinrich Habel: Stadt Fürth (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume V.61 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-87490-571-3 .
- Hans Wolfram Lübbeke: Middle Franconia . Ed .: Michael Petzet , Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (= Monuments in Bavaria . Volume V ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-486-52396-1 .
- Adolf Schwammberger: Fürth from A to Z - A history lexicon . Neustadt an der Aisch 1968, ISBN 3-923006-33-0 .
Web links
- List of monuments for Fürth (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
- Fürth in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
- “Monument protection in Fürth” on the local FürthWiki
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