List of the electors, duchesses and queens of Saxony

The list of electors, duchesses and queens of Saxony includes in chronological order the wives of the (Upper) Saxon rulers from the elevation of the old part-duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg under the Ascani to the electorate (1356) about their extinction and the transition of electoral rights and territories owned by the Wettins up to the end of the monarchy (1918) in Saxony, which was elevated to a kingdom as the predecessor of today's Free State .

Both noble families practiced a patrilineal line of succession , i. H. only the sons of a ruler or - if there were none - his brothers were considered heirs to the throne. Thus, no electors, duchesses or queens ruled in Saxony in their own right. These are only honorary titles of the wives of the reigning electors, dukes and kings of Saxony .

Wives of Ascan electors

Name (life data)	time	husband	Remarks
Elisabeth († November 15, 1373)	? -1370	Rudolf II.	Elisabeth was the daughter of Count Ulrich II von Lindow-Ruppin . She married the reigning Elector Rudolf II of Saxony and was the mother of his only son, who was born after Rudolf's death and died in infancy. Since Rudolf I , the father of Rudolf II, did not become the first Elector of Saxony until his wives had already died, his daughter-in-law Elisabeth is considered the first Electress of Saxony.
Cäcilia (* around 1350; † between 1430 and 1434)	1367-1388	Wenceslaus	Cäcilia was the daughter of Francis of Carrara , Count of Padua. She married the later Saxon Elector Wenzel and was the mother of his successor Rudolf III. and Albrecht III. She was also the princess of Lüneburg .
Anna († July 4, 1395)	1388 / 89-1395	Rudolf III.	Anna was a daughter of the Landgrave and Margrave Balthasar of Thuringia and Meißen . She married the Saxon Elector Rudolf III in 1387/89, i.e. in the year before or after he took office . The marriage resulted in only one daughter who was not entitled to succeed. Anna died during her husband's reign. Until he married again eight months after her death, Saxony remained without an elector.
Barbara († May 17, 1435)	1396-1419	Rudolf III.	Barbara was a daughter of Duke Ruprecht I of Liegnitz . In 1396 she married the reigning Elector Rudolf III of Saxony . and became his second wife. In addition to another daughter from this marriage, Rudolf had three sons, all of whom he survived.
Euphemia (* around 1390; † 1444)	1420-1422	Albrecht III.	Euphemia was a daughter of Duke Conrad III. from Oels . In 1420 she married the reigning Saxon Elector Albrecht III. ; the marriage remained childless, with which the Ascanian line of Saxony-Wittenberg died out and after Albrecht's death the electoral dignity passed to the Meissnian Wettins.

Wives of Wettin rulers

	Name (life data)	husband	time	Remarks
	Katharina (1395 - December 28, 1442)	1423-1428	Friedrich I , the arguable	Katharina was the daughter of Duke Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . She married the then Margrave of Meißen and Palatine of Saxony in 1402. Through his elevation to the first Wettin elector of Saxony as Friedrich I ("the arguable"), Katharina became an elector. She was the mother of his successor Friedrich II.
	Margaretha (* around 1416; † February 12, 1486)	1431-1464	Friedrich II. , The meek	Margaretha was the daughter of Archduke Ernst I of Austria . In 1431 she married the reigning Saxon Elector Friedrich II ("the meek") and was the mother of Elector Ernst and Duke Albrecht .

Wives after the Leipzig partition

Wives of the Ernestines
(Electresses and Duchesses of Saxony)

Name (life data)	time	husband	Remarks
Elisabeth (February 2, 1443 - March 5, 1484)	1464-1484	serious	Elisabeth was a daughter of Duke Albrecht III. from Bayern-Munich . She married the future Elector of Saxony, Ernst , in 1460 and was the mother of his successors Friedrich “the Wise” and Johann “the Steadfast” . Since Friedrich remained unmarried and Johann's second wife Margarete von Anhalt died before he took office, Saxony remained without an Electress for almost half a century - until Johann Friedrich I , Johann's eldest son, who was married to his first wife Sophie von Mecklenburg, took office .
Sibylle (July 17, 1512 - February 21, 1554)	1532-1547	Johann Friedrich I , the magnanimous.	Sibylle was the eldest daughter of Duke Johann III. from Jülich-Kleve-Berg . In 1527 she married Johann Friedrich I ("the magnanimous"). After the latter had lost his electoral dignity to his cousin, the Saxon Duke Moritz , in connection with the Schmalkaldic War , Sibylle was no longer titled as Electress and Duchess, but only as Duchess.

Wives of the Albertines
(Duchesses of Saxony)

Name (life data)	time	husband	Remarks
Sidonie (14 November 1449 - 1 February 1510)	1485-1500	Albrecht, the brave one	Sidonie was the daughter of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . In 1459 she married the later reigning Saxon Duke Albrecht "the brave" and was the mother of his successors Georg and Heinrich .
Barbara (July 15, 1478 - February 15, 1534)	1500-1534	Georg, the bearded one	Barbara was a daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland . In 1496 she married the later reigning Saxon Duke Georg "the bearded" and died, like their sons, during his reign. Since he did not marry again, Saxony remained without an Albertine duchess until his brother and successor Heinrich "the Pious" took office .
Katharina (1487-6 June 1561)	1539-1541	Heinrich the pious	Katharina was the daughter of Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg . In 1512 she married the later reigning Saxon Duke Heinrich "the Pious" and was the mother of his successors Moritz and August .
Agnes (born May 31, 1527 - † November 4, 1555)	1541-1547	Moritz	Agnes was a daughter of Landgrave Philip of Hesse . In 1541 she married the later reigning Saxon Duke Moritz ; In addition to a son who had already died in infancy, the marriage resulted in only one daughter who was not entitled to a successor.

Wives of Albertine electors

Name (life data)	time	husband	Remarks
Agnes (born May 31, 1527 - † November 4, 1555)	1547-1553	Moritz	Because her husband was on the emperor's side in the Schmalkaldic War, he was subsequently elected, making Agnes Electress.
Anna (born November 22, 1532 - † October 1, 1585)	1553-1585	August	Anna was the daughter of King Christian III. from Denmark . She married August, the later Elector of Saxony, in 1548 and was the mother of his successor Christian I. Anna died during her husband's reign. Until he married again three months after her death, Saxony remained without an elector.
Agnes Hedwig (March 12, 1573 - November 3, 1616)	1586	August	Agnes Hedwig was the daughter of Prince Joachim Ernst von Anhalt . A good month before the death of the Saxon Elector August , she became his second wife; the marriage remained childless.
Sophie (June 6, 1568 - December 7, 1622)	1586-1591	Christian I.	Sophie was a daughter of the Brandenburg Elector Johann Georg . In 1582 she married the future Elector of Saxony, Christian I. After his death, she officiated until her son Christian II came of age in 1601 together with Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Sachsen-Weimar as guardian regent. She was also the mother of Christian's successor Johann Georg I.
Hedwig (born August 5, 1581 - † November 26, 1641)	1591-1611	Christian II	Hedwig was the daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway . 1602 she married the already reigning Saxon Elector Christian II. ; the marriage remained childless.
Magdalena Sibylle (December 31, 1586 - February 12, 1659)	1611-1656	Johann Georg I.	Magdalene Sibylle was the youngest daughter of Duke Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia . In 1607 she married the later Saxon Elector Johann Georg I and was the mother of his successor Johann Georg II.
Magdalena Sibylle (November 1, 1612 - March 20, 1687)	1656-1680	Johann Georg II.	Magdalena Sibylle was the daughter of Margrave Christian zu Brandenburg-Kulmbach / Bayreuth . In 1638 she married the later Saxon Elector Johann Georg II and was the mother of his successor Johann Georg III.
Anna Sophie (September 1, 1647 - July 1, 1717)	1680-1691	Johann Georg III.	Anna Sophie was the eldest daughter of King Friedrich III. from Denmark and Norway . In 1666 she married the future Elector of Saxony, Johann Georg III. and was the mother of his successors Johann Georg IV. and Friedrich August I. ("the strong").
Eleonore (April 13, 1662 - September 9, 1696)	1692-1694	Johann Georg IV.	Eleonore was a daughter of Duke Johann Georg I of Saxony-Eisenach . Already widowed herself, she married the reigning Saxon Elector Johann Georg IV in 1692 ; the marriage remained childless.
Christiane Eberhardine (born December 29, 1671 - † September 4, 1727)	1694-1727	Friedrich August I.	Christine Eberhardine was a daughter of Margrave Christian Ernst of Brandenburg-Bayreuth . In 1693 she married the later Elector of Saxony, Friedrich August I ("the strong") and died during his reign. Since he did not marry again, Saxony remained without an Electress until their son Friedrich August II took office . Despite her husband's Polish royal dignity, Christine Eberhardine did not bear the title of Queen of Poland, as she was of Protestant faith.
Maria Josepha (December 8, 1699 - November 17, 1757)	1733-1757	Friedrich August II.	Maria Josepha was the eldest daughter of the Roman-German Emperor Joseph I. She married the later Saxon Elector Friedrich August II in 1719 and died during his reign. Since he did not marry again, Saxony remained without an elector until their son Friedrich Christian took office . Maria Josepha also carried the title of Queen of Poland through her husband's Polish royal dignity.
Maria Antonia (born July 18, 1724 - † April 23, 1780)	1763	Friedrich Christian	Maria Antonia was the daughter of the Roman-German Emperor Charles VII from the house of the Wittelsbach family . In 1747 she married the later Elector of Saxony, Friedrich Christian . After he died after only 74 days of reign, she officiated until her son Friedrich August came of age in 1768 together with her brother-in-law Franz Xaver as the guardian regent. She was also the mother of Friedrich August's successor, Anton .
Amalie (10 May 1752 - 15 November 1828)	1769-1806	Friedrich August III.	Amalie was a daughter of Count Palatine Friedrich Michael von Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler . In 1769 she married the reigning Elector Friedrich August III. ; In addition to three stillbirths, the marriage produced only one daughter who was not entitled to the throne.

Queens of Saxony

Name (life data)	time	husband	Remarks
Amalie (10 May 1752 - 15 November 1828)	1806-1827	Friedrich August I.	After her husband had sided with France during the Napoleonic Wars in 1806, Napoleon made him king, making Amalie queen. From 1807 to 1815 she was also Duchess of Warsaw .
Maria Theresa (born January 14, 1767 - † November 7, 1827)	1827	Anton	Maria Theresa was a daughter of the Roman-German Emperor Leopold II from the House of Habsburg-Lothringen . She married the future Saxon King Anton in 1787 and died six months after his succession to the throne; all four of the children born of the marriage had already died in infancy. Since the king did not marry again, Saxony remained without a queen until his nephew and successor Friedrich August II took office .
Maria Anna (born January 27, 1805; † September 13, 1877)	1836-1854	Friedrich August II.	Maria Anna was a daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and the younger sister of her successor. 1833 she married the future King of Saxony Friedrich August II. ; the marriage remained childless.
Amalie Auguste (born November 13, 1801 - † November 8, 1877)	1854-1873	Johann	Amalie Auguste was a daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and the older sister of her predecessor. In 1822 she married the later Saxon King Johann and was the mother of his successors Albert and Georg .
Carola (August 5, 1833 - December 15, 1907)	1873-1902	Albert	Carola was the daughter of the former Crown Prince of Sweden , Prince Gustav von Wasa . In 1853 she married the later Saxon King Albert ; the marriage remained childless. Carola was the last Queen of Saxony because Maria Anna , the wife of Albert's brother and successor Georg , had already died at the time of his accession to the throne, and Luise , the wife of the last King of Saxony, Friedrich August III. , lived separately from him during his reign.

literature

Ute Essegern: Princesses at the Electoral Saxon court. Concepts of life and life courses between family, court and politics in the first half of the 17th century. Writings on Saxon History and Folklore, Vol. 19, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-86583-074-6 .
Reiner Groß : The Wettins. Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher, Vol. 621, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-17-018946-8 .
Johannes Meyer: Female figures and women rulers in the Wettin house. Bautzen 1912.
Franz Otto Stichart: Gallery of the Saxon Princesses; Biographical sketches all. Ancestors d. Royal House of Saxony. According to the source. Leipzig 1857 ( digitized ).
Sabine Ulbricht: Princesses in Saxon History (1382–1622). Beucha / Markkleeberg 2010, ISBN 3-86729-053-9 , pp. 99-125.