Lospalos (administrative office)
| Lospalos administrative office | |||
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| Administrative headquarters | Lospalos | ||
| surface | 734.36 km² | ||
| population | 31,164 (2015) | ||
| Sucos | Population (2015) | ||
| Bauro | 2,432 | ||
| Cacavei | 974 | ||
| Fuiloro | 16,701 | ||
| Home | 1.933 | ||
| Leuro | 812 | ||
| Lore I. | 2,589 | ||
| Lore II | 811 | ||
| Muapitine | 1,763 | ||
| Raça | 1,162 | ||
| Souro | 1,987 | ||
| Overview map | |||
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Lospalos is an East Timorese administrative office ( Portuguese Posto Administrativo ) in the municipality of Lautém . The seat of the administration is in Suco Fuiloro in the village of Lospalos .
geography
Until 2014, the administrative offices were still referred to as sub-districts . Before the 2015 territorial reform, Lospalos had an area of 623.93 km². Now there are 734.36 km². In terms of area, it is the largest administrative office in the country.
Lospalos is divided into ten sucos : Bauro , Cacavei ( Cacaven, Cacavem ), Home , Fuiloro, Leuro , Lore I ( Loré I ), Lore II (Loré II), Muapitine , Raça ( Raca ) and Souro .
In the east, Lospalos in the middle of the municipality of Lautém borders on the administrative office of Tutuala , in the north and west on Lautém , in the south-west on Iliomar and in the south on the Timor Sea .
The northeast of the administrative office is part of the Fuiloro Plateau , which due to its size drops imperceptibly from north to south from 700 to 500 m above sea level. It is the remnant of a prehistoric lagoon. There is a relatively intact forest in Lore I. Here you can find teak, sandalwood and bamboo.
The Suco Muapitine is located on the south bank of the Lagoa Ira Lalaro (also Suro-bec ), which is the largest lake in East Timor with a length of 6.5 km and a width of 3 km. The Irasiquero flows out of it towards the south and disappears in front of the Paitchau mountain range in the Mainina hole , a ponor . Close to the lake is the Puropoko limestone cave , where bats and the endemic flagellum spider Sarax timorensis can be found.
- Climate data
Annual rainfall (2000)
Average annual temperature (2000)
Climate diagram of Lospalos
Residents
The administrative office has 31,164 inhabitants (2015), of which 15,299 are men and 15,865 women. The population density is 42.4 inhabitants / km². The largest language group are the speakers of the national language Fataluku . The average age is 17.1 years (2010, 2004: 16.8 years).
history
The first Europeans in the Lautém municipality were the Portuguese who built a fort in what is now Suco Lore I in the 17th or 18th century.
On February 3, 1976, Indonesian troops captured Lospalos. Between August 5 and 8, 1983, hundreds of members of armed pro-Indonesian militias ( Wanra , Hansip ) from Mehara , Lore, Leuro and Serelau deserted and joined FALINTIL . The Indonesians carried out punitive actions in their hometowns. Hundreds of women and other relatives were rounded up on trucks and interned for several months. Torture and rape occurred. Several hundred families were later forcibly relocated to the island of Atauro .
On December 7, 1983, five FALINTIL supporters were publicly executed in Muapitine .
On May 29, 1997, elections were held in which representatives of East Timor should be elected to the Indonesian parliament. Several attacks on the Indonesian occupying power and its supporters took place in the surrounding area. In Lospalos the brother of the head of the district parliament and some teachers were shot. The guerrillas had previously murdered three people in Muapitine.
The "Lospalos case"
Under the Lospalos case ( English Lospalos case ) one understands a series of crimes during the crisis in East Timor 1999 , which by the pro-Indonesian militia Team Alfa and the Indonesian infantry battalion 745 between April 21 and September 25, 1999 in Lospalos perpetrated against the civilian population. These include a massacre of nine people on September 25; five members of a religious order (the nuns Erminia Cazzaniga and Celeste de Carvalho Pinto, the priest Jacinto Xavier, two seminarians), the nurse Dora, another clerk, the young acolyte Rudy and the journalist Agus; and the murder of 13 other people by the Indonesian military.
A special court in Dili sentenced ten men on December 11, 2001 for crimes against humanity, including murder, torture, deportation and displacement of civilians in Lospalos. The Special Court found that in 1999, on the orders of the Indonesian Army, there was a widespread and systematic campaign of violence against the civilian population. Claims by the defendants that they were unaware that their actions were part of the campaign have been contradicted.
There were five incidents at the time. In the first incident, a pro-independence advocate was tortured and murdered. The five accused have all been found guilty of torture, only two of murder. All suspects charged with the ambush and murder of the group of clerics on September 25, 1999 were found guilty. They received between 17 and 19 years in prison for this.
Joni Marques, a Team Alfa Militia commander , confessed to several crimes during the trial. Nevertheless, he received the highest individual penalty. Although East Timorese law only allows a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison, here the penalty was calculated according to Indonesian law for multiple offenses.
The total penalties are as follows:
- Joni Marques: 33 years, 4 months
- Manuel da Costa: 19 years
- João da Costa: 33 years, 4 months
- Paulo da Costa: 33 years, 4 months
- Amelio da Costa: 18 years
- Alarico Fernandes: 4 years
- Gonsalo dos Santos: 23 years
- Hilario da Silva: 17 years
- Gilberto Fernandes: 5 years
- Mautersa Monis: 4 years
The judges were the chairman Marcelo Dolany da Costa ( Brazil ), Sylver Ntukamazina ( Burundi ) and Maria Natercia Gusmão Pereira (East Timor). The court heard 30 witnesses during the trial from July 3 to December 11.
The prison sentences of Joni Marques, João and Paulo da Costa were cut by nine years by President Xanana Gusmão in 2004 and halved by his successor José Ramos-Horta on the sixth Independence Day in 2008 .
politics
The administrator of the administrative office is appointed by the central government in Dili. In 2015 it was Domingos dos Santos.
economy
The flat and slightly hilly landscape is ideal for growing rice, maize and other cereals. 60% of the households in Lospalos grow corn, 51% cassava, 48% coconuts, 41% vegetables, 11% rice and 14% coffee. Livestock farming is also common here. Fishing is possible on the coast of Lore I, the only thing missing is boats and knowledge.
Personalities
- Cirilo Cristóvão (1966–2019), Head of the National Intelligence Service and Minister of Defense
- Fernando Teles do Nascimento Txai (* 1953 in Maluro , Lore ; † 1980), politician and freedom fighter
Web links
- BBC, 4th July 2008, Justice and compassion in East Timor : Interview and report on the released Joni Marques, head of Team Alfa Militia
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
- ↑ Jornal da República : Diploma Ministerial no 24/2014 de 24 de Julho - Orgânica dos Postos Administrativos ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart (English) ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.5 MB)
- ↑ Hydrotimor: Iralalaru - Iralalaru Water Flow ( Memento from January 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Gustavo Silva de Miranda & Ana Sofia Reboleira: Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: first records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys, N ° 820, pp. 1-12, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Seeds of Life
- ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 14 MB)
- ↑ "Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine" ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB) from the "Chega!" Report by CAVR (English)
- ↑ "Chapter 7.2 Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances" , p. 183 ff., (PDF; 2.5 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
- ↑ (INDONESIA-L) HRW / ASIA - East Timor Guerrilla Attacks: East Timor Guerrilla Attacks of June 4, 1997 ( Memento of September 19, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The Age, May 23, 2008, Ramos Horta cuts jail terms for militia
- ↑ Ministério da Administração Estatal: Administração Municipal ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 (English) ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 9.8 MB)
Coordinates: 8 ° 31 ' S , 127 ° 2' E
The administrative borders within East Timor changed in 2015. This article must therefore be checked and updated if necessary. See New Administrative Boundaries .