Münster (church)
Münster is an early German loan word from Greek / Latin monasterium (= " monastery "). This originally referred to a church that was not a parish church , but part of a monastery or monastery . Also cathedrals were so called because the cathedral chapter originally lived in monastery-like community.
From the 13th century, the word took the general meaning "Great Church" to so in the southern German -speaking countries with "Munster" except cathedrals and collegiate churches also some large city parishes were designated as such. The name “Münster” is now a traditional name for certain churches; it can also be awarded by the responsible bishop. In 1983, for example, Bishop Georg Moser raised the church of St. Johannes in Bad Mergentheim to the status of a cathedral; In Austria this designation was awarded for the first time in 2020, namely to the Schruns parish church .
Finally, "Münster" also became the place name of settlements that arose around an abbey , collegiate or cathedral monastery .
The English word minster , also borrowed early from monasterium , has the same history of meaning. The later borrowing monastery , however, retained the meaning "monastery". The old French word moutier also developed from monasterium , which also took on the meaning of church , but which has survived in today's French almost only in place names and family names.
places
At the following places there are churches called Münster today :
Germany
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Aachen :
- Aachen Cathedral , originally the Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne , from 936 to 1531 the coronation church of 31 German kings
- Imperial Abbey Kornelimünster , formerly the Abbey Church of St. Kornelius , today Roman Catholic. Parish church
- Altomünster : Sankt Alto and Sankt Birgitta
- Augsburg : Münster Sankt Ulrich and Afra , grave church of Saints Afra († 304), Simpert († 807), and Ulrich († 973), Benedictine monastery from 1012 to 1802, today Roman Catholic. Parish church
- Bad Doberan : Doberan Minster , 1295–1368, Cistercian monastery 1171–1552, since 1564 Protestant parish church
- Bad Mergentheim : Münster St. Johannes Baptist (formerly Dominican church, Roman Catholic parish church)
- Bad Münstereifel : Minster St. Chrysanthus and Daria (collegiate and parish church)
- Bad Reichenhall : Minster St. Zeno
- Bad Säckingen : Minster St. Fridolin Fridolinsmünster , 1300 ff., Monastery since the 7th century
- Bergen near Neuburg an der Donau: Holy Cross , 11th century, new building 1755
- Bonn : Bonn Minster , 1050–1240 and the 16th and 17th centuries, until 1803 collegiate church, Roman Catholic.
- Breisach : St. Stephan Minster ( Breisacher Stephansmünster ) , 12. – 13. Century, Roman Catholic
- Cham -Chammünster: Marienmünster
- Dießen am Ammersee : Marienmünster Dießen
- Dinkelsbühl : Minster St. Georg , late Gothic, Roman Catholic. Parish church
- Donauwörth : Liebfrauenmünster , 1444–1467, parish church, re-Catholicized in 1607
- Einbeck : Minster Church of St. Alexandri , ev.
- Essen : Essen Minster , 1275 with older parts, until 1802 collegiate church, then parish church, since 1958 Catholic bishop's church
- Esslingen am Neckar : Minster St. Paul , 1268, former Dominican church, Roman Catholic. Main parish church, called "Münster" since the 20th century
- Ettenheimmünster : “Münster” St. Landelin (Roman Catholic) / former Ettenheimmünster monastery
- Fischbachau : Martinsmünster parish church St. Martin, 1492
- Freiburg im Breisgau : Freiburg Cathedral , 13. – 16. Century, parish church, first called Münster in 1356 , Archbishop's Cathedral since 1827
- Freising : St. Andrä , also called Hugibertsmünster
- Fritzlar : Fraumünsterkirche , 13th century, ev.-luth.
- Hameln : Minster St. Bonifatius 1209–1241, collegiate church, monastery since 1578 ev. (First ev. Sermon 1540)
- Hausen near Würzburg : Münster Fährbrück
- Heidenheim (Middle Franconia) (former Benedictine monastery church)
- Heilbronn : Teutonic Minster of St. Peter and Paul
- Heilsbronn : Münster Heilsbronn , 1132–1149, until 1578 (Reformation) Cistercian monastery church, since then evangelical parish church
- Herford : Herford Münster , 1220–1250, Türme –1280, first Romanesque hall church in Germany and largest hall church in Westphalia, until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 Reichsabtei Herford (women's monastery), ev.luth since the Reformation.
- Ilmmünster : St. Arsatius , 13th century church, pin transferred to Munich in 1492, Roman Catholic.
- Ingolstadt : Münster To the Beautiful of Our Lady , 1425 – approx. 1525, Roman Catholic Parish and University Church
- Kempten (Allgäu) : Marienmünster (removed)
- Königshofen an der Heide : Marienmünster
- Constance : Constance Minster , 12. – 15. Century, spire 19th century, until 1827 bishop's church, Roman Catholic.
- Landshut : Münster St. Martin (seldom called that), 14th century, 1598–1803 and since 1937 collegiate monastery, 2004 Basilica minor
- Lauingen : Munster St. Martin Gothic hall church, built 1516–1576 on a previous building from the 8th century
- Klingenmünster : Imperial monastery Klingenmünster , perished
- Lindau (Bodensee) : Cathedral of Our Lady
- Lorsch : Altenmünster ruins
- Mainz : Altmünster , founded in the 7th century, current structure from 1895 (ev. Parish church)
- Marienmünster in Westphalia: Marienmünster Abbey
- Meschede : Königsmünster Abbey
- Mönchengladbach : Minster St. Vitus
- Moosburg on the Isar : Kastulusmünster (collegiate church, Roman Catholic)
- Münchsmünster : Minster of St. Petrus and St. Sixtus
- Munsterappel
- Münsterdreisen (there are no visible remains of the monastery today)
- Münstermaifeld : Münster St. Martin and Severus (collegiate church, Roman Catholic)
- Münster Schwarzach , 1220–25, municipality of Rheinmünster
- Münsterschwarzach , 1935 – '38, (Benedictine abbey, Roman Catholic)
- Münstertal (Black Forest) : Münster St. Trudpert
- Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate : Minster St. John the Baptist
- Neuss : Quirinusmünster Neuss (parish and collegiate church, Roman Catholic), end of the 19th century. / Beginning of the 20th century also referred to as “cathedral” (especially on postcards), since 2009 Basilica minor.
- Neustadt in the Black Forest : Neustädter Münster , Roman Catholic. Parish Church of St. Jakobi
- Obermarchtal : Minster St. Peter and Paul (former Premonstratensian Abbey Church )
- Radolfzell am Bodensee : Minster of Our Lady (parish church, Roman Catholic)
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Regensburg :
- Niedermünster Regensburg (formerly women's collegiate church, Roman Catholic)
- Obermünster Regensburg (former women's collegiate church, largely destroyed in 1945)
- Mittelmünster Regensburg (former women's collegiate church, demolished in 1809)
- Reichenau Island ( Lake Constance ): Marienmünster (until 1757 Benedictine abbey church, Roman Catholic)
- Rottenmünster (district of Rottweil ) (former Cistercian monastery, today mental hospital, Roman Catholic)
- Rottweil : Heiligkreuz-Münster (parish church, Roman Catholic)
- Salem (Baden) : Salem Minster (former Cistercian abbey church, Roman Catholic)
- Schwandorf : Marienmünster on the Kreuzberg
- Schwäbisch Gmünd : Heilig-Kreuz-Münster (parish church, Roman Catholic)
- Soest : St. Patrokli Cathedral (rarely referred to as Münster)
- Steinach (Lower Bavaria) : Pfaffenmünster Monastery
- Überlingen : Überlinger Münster (parish church, Roman Catholic)
- Ulm : Ulm Minster (parish church, Protestant Lutheran), with the highest church tower in the world
- Villingen : Liebfrauenmünster (parish church)
- Wolframs-Eschenbach : Liebfrauenmünster (parish church, Roman Catholic)
- Würzburg : Neumünster St. Johannes Evangelist (former collegiate church, burial place of the diocese saints Kilian, Kolonat and Totnan, Roman Catholic)
- Zwiefalten : Minster of Our Lady (former Benedictine abbey church, Roman Catholic)
Austria
- Schruns : The parish church of St. Jodok was elevated to a minster on March 8, 2020 as the first church in Austria.
In Austria, the name is largely unusual, there are only a few so-called splendid collegiate and parish churches.
Switzerland
- Basel : Basel Minster (until the Reformation, Bishop's Church, ev.-ref.)
- Bern : Bern Minster (ev.-ref.)
- Freiburg (Friborg): Cathedral of St. Nicholas , formerly known as Münster, since 1924 Roman Catholic. Episcopal Church
- Moutier in the Bernese Jura: Münster Granfelden (French: Moutier-Grandval, until the Reformation collegiate church, ev.-ref.)
- Schaffhausen : All Saints Minster (until the Reformation collegiate church)
-
Zurich :
- Grossmünster (until the Reformation collegiate church, ev.-ref.)
- Fraumünster (until the Reformation, women's collegiate church, ev.-ref.)
Belgium
- Münsterbilsen (Flemish Munsterbilzen)
England
- Berkeley (Gloucestershire)
- Beverley : Minster St. Mary
- Dewsbury : Dewsbury Minster
- Doncaster : Minster St. George
- Hemingbrough (Yorkshire): Minster St. Mary
- Howden (Yorkshire): Minster St. Peter and St. Paul
- Iken (Suffolk) : Minster St. Botolf
- Iwerne Minster (Dorset): Minster St. Mary
- Leeds : St. Peter (since 2012)
- Leominster (Herefordshire)
- London : Westminster Abbey
- Minster (Kent)
- Minster-in-Thanet (Kent): Minster St. Peter
- Minster-in-Thanet (Kent): Minster St. Mary
- Minster-in-Sheppey (Kent)
- Newminster (Winchester)
- North Yorkshire : St Gregory's Minster
- Preston : Minster St. John
- Reading : Minster St. Mary the Virgin
- Rotherham : Minster (now a museum)
- South Elmham (Suffolk)
- Southwell : Southwell Minster (Nottinghamshire)
- Stoke-upon-Trent : Minster St. Peter ad Vincula
- Stonegrave (Yorkshire)
- Stowe (Lincolnshire)
- Sunderland (Durham) : Minster St. Michael and all Angels
- Tewkesbury : Minster St. Mary the Virgin
- Wimborne Minster : Minster St. Cuthburga
In addition, cathedrals in England are often referred to as “Minster”, for example “ York Minster ” instead of “York Cathedral”, as are the cathedrals in Lincoln , Ripon and Southwell .
Westminster Abbey is the best known of the abbeys that have the term "-minster" in their names .
France
In France, the name occurs mainly in the former German Alsace .
- Colmar : Martinsmünster (parish church)
- Ebersmunster (German Ebersmünster): former abbey church
- Marmoutier Abbey (Alsace) (German Maursmünster): (former Benedictine abbey)
- Moyenmoutier (German Central Minster): Moyenmoutier Monastery (Vosges)
- Munster (Haut-Rhin) (German: Munster / Alsace or Munster in the Gregoriental): Munster St. Gregor (former Benedictine abbey, destroyed). The entire Münstertal was a free imperial city and a member of the Alsatian League of Ten Cities (Dekapolis)
- Niedermünster near Odilienberg in Alsace (ruins of a former Benedictine monastery)
- Strasbourg : Strasbourg Cathedral (Cathedral)
- Thann in Alsace : Münster / Collegiate Church of St. Theobald (parish church)
Luxembourg
- Luxembourg : Neumünster Abbey , goes back to the Benedictine monastery Altmünster, which was destroyed in 1542, now a cultural center
Netherlands
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ st-johannes-mgh.drs.de: Münster St. Johannes Baptist
- ^ Joachim Schwald: Schruns parish church becomes Austria's first minster. In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten (VN.at). March 3, 2020, accessed March 4, 2020 .
- ^ Joachim Schwald: Schruns parish church becomes Austria's first minster. In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten (VN.at). March 3, 2020, accessed March 4, 2020 .