Manganese (III) oxide

Crystal structure
	__ Mn 3+ __ O 2−
General
Surname	Manganese (III) oxide
other names	Dimanganese trioxide; Manganese sesquioxide;
Ratio formula	Mn 2 O 3
Brief description	black odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	215-264-4
ECHA InfoCard	100,013,878
PubChem	14824
Wikidata	Q419605
properties
Molar mass	157.88 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.50 g cm −3
Melting point	940 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	almost insoluble in water
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-332-315-319-335
	P: 261-280-305 + 351 + 338-304 + 340-405-501
MAK	0.5 mg m −3
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Manganese (III) oxide is an oxide of manganese . Manganese (III) oxide is known in nature as the rare mineral bixbyite .

Extraction and presentation

It is produced, for example, in zinc-manganese dioxide cells when they are discharged:

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Zn + 2 \ MnO_ {2} + H_ {2} O \ longrightarrow Zn (OH) _ {2} + Mn_ {2} O_ {3}}}

Manganese (III) oxide is also formed during the decomposition of manganese (IV) oxide (MnO ₂ at temperatures above 535 ° C).

When a solution of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is reacted with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia at room temperature, γ-MnO (OH) ( manganite ) is obtained. From this, γ-manganese (III) oxide can be obtained by careful dehydration in vacuo at 250 ° C.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ MnSO_ {4} \ cdot 4 \ H_ {2} O + H_ {2} O_ {2} + \ 4 \ NH_ {3} \ longrightarrow}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {\ 2 \ MnO (OH) + \ 2 \ (NH_ {4}) _ {2} SO_ {4} + \ 6 \ H_ {2} O}}

properties

Manganese (III) oxide is a non-flammable black odorless solid that is practically insoluble in water. It decomposes when heated above 940 ° C. Γ-Mn ₂ O ₃ , which does not occur in nature, has a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group I 4 ₁ / amd (No. 141) (a = 577 pm, c = 944 pm). It converts to the α-form in 48 hours at 500 ° C and in one year at room temperature. At temperatures above 29 ° C, this has a cubic bixbyite structure with space group Ia 3 (no. 206) and below that an orthorhombic structure with space group Pcab (no. 61, position 2) . Other modifications also exist at higher pressures. For example, δ-Mn ₂ O ₃ , which can be synthesized at pressures above 28 GPa, has a crystal structure of the CaIrO ₃ type with the space group Cmcm (No. 63) , ε-Mn ₂ O _{3 has} a crystal structure of the corundum type with the space group R 3 ( No. 148) and ζ-Mn ₂ O ₃ a distorted triclinic double perovskite structure with the space group F 1 (No. 2, position 5) . Template: room group / 141Template: room group / 206Template: room group / 61.2Template: room group / 63Template: room group / 148 Template: room group / 2.5

use

Manganese (III) oxide is used as a raw material for the production of lithium manganese (III, IV) oxide LiMn ₂ O ₄ ( cathode material of lithium-ion batteries ) and as a pigment in dyes (colors glass e.g. brown). The mixed oxide with yttrium and indium results in a brilliant blue pigment, the YInMn blue . The general formula is YIn _1-x Mn _x O ₃ If it does not contain manganese, the oxide is colorless, if it does not contain indium, it is black.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on manganese (III) oxide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

↑ Chempage: Leclanché cell

↑ ^a ^b Georg Brauer (Ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume III, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-432-87823-0 , p. 1582.

↑ Ferrimagnetism in γ-Manganese Sesquioxide (γ - Mn ₂ O ₃ ) Nanoparticles , Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 46, No. 4, April 2005, pp. 941-944.

↑ S. Geller: Structure of α-Mn2O3, (Mn0.983Fe0.017) 2O3 and (Mn0.37Fe0.63) 2O3 and relation to magnetic ordering. In: Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 27, pp. 821-828, doi : 10.1107 / S0567740871002966 .

↑ Structure and magnetic properties of Mn2O3 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 713 kB), 2009.09.30 Lab seminar, Kaist, Jo Euna @1@ 2

↑ The numbering of this axis position does not correspond to the order of the International Tables for Crystallography , because it is not listed there.

↑ Source: A path to new manganites with perovskite structure , Sergey V. Ovsyannikov, Artem M. Abakumov, Alexander A. Tsirlin, Walter Schnelle, Ricardo Egoavil, J. o. Verbeeck, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo, Konstantin V. Glazyrin, Michael Hanfland , Leonid Dubrovinsky: Perovskite-like Mn2O3: A Path to New Manganites. In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 52, 2013, pp. 1494–1498, doi : 10.1002 / anie.201208553 .

↑ Andrew E. Smith, Hiroshi Mizoguchi, Kris Delaney, Nicola A. Spaldin, Arthur W. Sleight, MA Subramanian: Mn in Trigonal Bipyramidal Coordination: A New Blue Chromophore. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . 131, 2009, pp. 17084-17086, doi: 10.1021 / ja9080666 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on manganese (III) oxide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[2] Chempage: Leclanché cell

[brauer-3] Georg Brauer (Ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume III, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-432-87823-0 , p. 1582.

[4] Ferrimagnetism in γ-Manganese Sesquioxide (γ - Mn ₂ O ₃ ) Nanoparticles , Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 46, No. 4, April 2005, pp. 941-944.

[DOI10.1107/S0567740871002966-5] S. Geller: Structure of α-Mn2O3, (Mn0.983Fe0.017) 2O3 and (Mn0.37Fe0.63) 2O3 and relation to magnetic ordering. In: Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 27, pp. 821-828, doi : 10.1107 / S0567740871002966 .