Moritz M. Warburg

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Moritz M. Warburg
The Mittelweg-Warburgs (1884); From left: Felix, Paul, Olga, housemaid, unknown, Charlotte, Moritz, Théophilie, Louisa, Aby

Moritz M. Warburg (born May 8, 1838 in Hamburg ; † January 29, 1910 there ) was a German-Jewish banker from the Warburg banking family in Hamburg and a partner in the private bank MMWarburg & CO . His sons Max Moritz Warburg , Paul Moritz Warburg , Felix Moritz Warburg and Fritz Moritz Warburg worked as internationally renowned bankers and political advisers. The son Aby Moritz Warburg was an art historian and founder of the renowned Warburg Institute in London .

Live and act

Moritz M. Warburg was a son of Abraham (Aby) S. Warburg and his wife Sara (1805-1884). He had a three years older brother named Siegmund and the sisters Marianne, Malchen, Rosa and Jenny. As a member of the Warburg family, his father was the head of the MMWarburg & CO banking house . After his father's death on July 8, 1856 at the age of 58, Sara Warburg took over his position. On July 23, 1856, Siegmund Warburg made her a partner. Moritz M. Warburg joined the bank as a second partner on December 31, 1862. Moritz M. Warburg married Charlotte Oppenheimer in June 1864, whose father was a goldsmith and jeweler from Frankfurt . Bankhaus Warburg thus gained useful contacts to successful Jewish-run banks in Frankfurt.

From 1865 Moritz and Siegmund Warburg ran the bank's business as sole partners. They no longer limited themselves to pure commission business, but also issued securities. Due to the economic boom between 1865 and 1872, the bank's business developed well. After the stock market crash from 1873 to 1876, the bank had to record considerable losses, but these were not as severe as those of comparable institutions. After surviving the crisis, the brothers acquired a neighboring property at Ferdinandstrasse 75 in 1881, where they had a representative building erected in 1913.

After Siegmund Warburg's death in 1889, his son Aby S. Warburg took over the position in the bank. The company employed 23 permanent employees in 1889, 13 more than in 1868. The Warburgs mostly carried out foreign exchange and exchange transactions on a commission basis. Her customers included large trading houses and banks, most of which were based outside Germany. They also began trading bonds and stocks that made profits. At the end of the 1880s, the bank was one of the leading German private banks, thanks in part to the good economic situation and the associated high growth rates in industry. Numerous international contacts, some of which were of a family nature, were helpful for the Warburgs. In 1898, the company with 55 employees was considered to be internationally recognized and expanding. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the company, the owners set up a social fund that was named "Siegmund and Moritz Warburg Foundation" 20 years later.

Moritz M. Warburg, who made the bank one of the leaders in the international financial world, was politically and socially involved. He was a member of the founding board of trustees of the Hamburg Scientific Foundation and was involved as a devout Jew in the German-Israelite community in Hamburg and in the German-Israelite Synagogue Association. He supported Jewish institutions, particularly the Talmud Torah School .

family

Aby M. Warburg (1866-1929)
Max M. Warburg (1867-1946)
Paul M. Warburg (1868-1932)
Felix M. Warburg (1871-1937)

Moritz M. Warburg, who from then on led the fortunes of the Mittelweg Warburgs from the villa at Mittelweg 17 . The streets Alsterufer and Mittelweg run parallel to each other in the immediate vicinity in the Hamburg district of Rotherbaum and are now intersected by Warburgstraße . In 1897 they bought a summer residence on the Elbe in Blankenese . Grandson Eric M. Warburg left parts of it, the so-called Roman Garden with rose beds and a nature theater, to the city of Hamburg in 1951/52.

For decades there was a dispute about which share of the family's fame should be placed higher, that of the Alsterufer - or that of the Mittelweg-Warburgs . This went so far that the male descendants from the Alsterufer put an "S." for Siegmund after their first names, those from Mittelweg an "M." for Moritz. Despite all the differences, the family's solidarity could not be endangered. Both Warburg families belonged financially to the upper class and, as wealthy Hamburg Jews, cultivated an upper-class Hanseatic lifestyle. The Warburgs were rooted in Jewish tradition: the children learned Hebrew, the food was kosher , Jewish holidays and religious laws were observed.

From the family line of the Mittelweg-Warburgs of Moritz M. Warburg and his wife Charlotte Esther Warburg (née Oppenheim, 1842–1921) come next to the daughters Olga Charlotte Kohn-Speyer (née Warburg; 1873–1904) and Louisa Martha Derenberg ( born Warburg; 1879–1973) the five sons who were extremely effective internationally at the time:

  1. Aby Moritz Warburg (1866–1929), private scholar, art historian , cultural scientist and founder of the Warburg Institute in London, the Warburg Library of Cultural Studies at the University of London . Aby Warburg married the sculptor Mary , nee. Hertz. The couple had three children:
    • Marietta Braden (1899–1973).
    • Max Adolph Warburg (1902–1974)
    • Frede Charlotte Prague (1904-2004)
  2. Max Moritz Warburg (1867–1946), internationally active banker and from 1893 partner of MMWarburg & CO . During the German Empire , Max Warburg played an important role in Hamburg, German and international politics: from 1904 to 1919 he belonged to the Hamburg citizenship (1904 –1919) and the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce (1903–1933) and was one of the Imperial Jews who advised Wilhelm II on financial issues; Co-founder of IG Farben ; Max M. Warburg married Alice Warburg (née Magnus; 1873–1960) in 1899. They had a son and four daughters:
    • Eric Moritz Warburg (1900–1990), internationally active banker and from 1929 partner of MMWarburg & CO ; founded the banking house EM Warburg & Co. in London in 1938, which today operates as the private equity and investment company Warburg Pincus ; Lieutenant Colonel in intelligence in the US Air Force in World War II; After the Second World War, Eric M. Warburg became one of the most important promoters of German-American relations in post-war Germany as a co-founder of Atlantik-Brücke eV and the American Council on Germany ; Eric M. Warburg was married to Dorothea Warburg (née Thorsch; 1912–2003) and had three children:
      • Max Marcus Alfons Warburg (born 1958 in New York), Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board at MMWarburg & CO
      • Marie Warburg, American citizen, married to Michael Naumann since 2005
      • Erica Warburg
    • Lola Nina Hahn-Warburg (1901–1989), lover of Chaim Weizmann , the then President of the World Zionist Organization and 1st President of the newly founded State of Israel , since 1933 an active board member in the Reich Representation of Jews in Germany and with her sister Anita Wolf- Warburg was particularly involved in looking after German-Jewish refugees in Great Britain and especially in the so-called Kindertransporte 1938/39. Negotiations by a delegation in 1938 led by Chaim Weizmann and Lola Hahn-Warburg's involvement with the British Home Office succeeded in getting the British Government and the British House of Commons to emigrate to Britain an unlimited number of children . Over 10,000 Jewish children were saved in this way.
    • Renate Olga Calder Warburg (1904–1984)
    • Anita Wolf-Warburg (1908–2008), emigrated to London in 1935, where she worked in a special way for the Jewish Refugees Committee and the British Red Cross
    • Gisela Warburg Wyzanski (1912–1991), headed the office of the child and youth Aliyah in Berlin at the time of National Socialism , emigrated to the USA in 1939 and was involved there as a board member of Hadassah for Zionism .
  3. Paul Moritz Warburg (1868–1932), internationally active banker, went to New York in the 1890s, from 1902 partner in the US bank Kuhn, Loeb & Co .; Paul M. Warburg took American citizenship in 1911; Creator and until 1918 Vice Chairman of the US Federal Reserve System ; Paul M Warburg married Nina Loeb (1870–1945), a daughter of his business partner Salomon Loeb , who also worked in New York, in 1895 , and had a son and a daughter:
    • James Paul Warburg (1897–1969), the Hamburg-born banker, emigrated to the USA with his father Paul M. Warburg as a child; after graduating from Harvard University , he initially worked for various New York banks in responsible positions; Financial advisor to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the 1933 London Conference on Managing the Great Depression; from 1941 to 1942, James P. Warburg served as Special Assistant to the US Government Office of the Coordinator of Information to centralize propaganda and intelligence activities during World War II in Washington, DC; from 1942 to 1944 he served as the deputy director of the United States Office of War Information for disseminating war information and propaganda during World War II
    • Bettina Warburg (1900–1990), married to Samuel Grinson
  4. Felix Moritz Warburg (1871-1937); Philanthropist; international banker; from 1894 partner at Kuhn, Loeb & Co, New York; his home in New York City now houses the Jewish Museum . Felix M. Warburg married Frieda Schiff (1875–1958) in 1895, the daughter of his senior partner Jacob Schiff and one daughter and had four sons:
    • Carola Warburg Rothschild (1896–1987) married the entrepreneur Walter N. Rothschild from the Rothschild dynasty .
    • Frederick M. Warburg (1897–1973), investment banker and like his father partner at Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in New York.
    • Gerald Warburg (1902–1971), cellist
    • Paul Felix Solomon Warburg (1904–1965), developed highly successful fundraising methods for the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of Greater New York and was an active board member of numerous Jewish associations in New York City. Paul Felix Solomon Warburg and his wife Jean Warburg (née Stettheimer) had a daughter:
      • Felicia Schiff Warburg Sarnoff Roosevelt (born 1927), Felicia first married in 1950 Robert William Sarnoff, then President of NBC and son of David Sarnoff , the inventor of color television broadcasting and founder of the radio and TV broadcaster NBC. After their divorce, she married the son of 32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1970, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.
    • Edward Mortimer Morris Warburg (1908–1992) was an art lover, co-founder of MoMa , founding father of American ballet , co-founder of the Harvard Society for Contempory Arts , from 1941–1943 and from 1946–1965 chairman of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and chairman of the United Jewish Appeal .
  5. Fritz Moritz Warburg (1879–1964), banker; was married to Anna Warburg , the daughter of the banker Siegfried Samuel Warburg and his wife Ellen Josephoson. Fritz and Anna Warburg had three daughters:

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ina Lorenz: Warburg, Siegmund . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 3 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4 , p. 400 .
  2. ↑ Julius H. Scheps: The Warburgs - Ron Chernow's great story of a Hamburg family Die Zeit, December 2, 1994
  3. ↑ Hans Hoyng: Confident German - The history of the bank Warburg. Spiegel Spezial, edition 10/1994
  4. ↑ Christel Busch: Aby Warburg - An Approach. Kulturport, June 10, 2016
  5. ↑ The artist and the scholar. ... to remember the versatile work of Mary Warburg from Hamburg . By Bärbel Hedinger , taz , October 13, 2016, p. 17. A catalog raisonné by the artist is in progress.
  6. ^ Frank Bajohr: The Jewish Hamburg - Max M. Warburg Institute for the history of the German Jews, Hamburg
  7. ↑ Volker Reinhardt, Thomas Lau: German families: historical portraits from Bismarck to Weizsäcker. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2005, page 280
  8. ↑ New York Times Archives: Gisela Warburg Wyzanski, Zionist Leader, 79. The New York Times, July 7, 1991
  9. ↑ The curriculum vitae of James P. Warburg. Committee on the history of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
  10. ^ John Weir Powerful Jewish Dynasty Profiled. The Journal of Historical Review, September / October 1995 (Vol. 15, No. 5), pages 33-37
  11. ↑ Alden Whitman: Frederick M. Warburg, 75, Dies; Investment banker, Sportsman. The New York Times, July 11, 1973
  12. ^ The New York Times: Gerald F. Warburg, 69, Is Dead; Cellist and a Patron of the Arts. The New York Times, February 15, 1971
  13. ^ Jewish Telegraphic Agency: Paul Felix Warburg Dead; What 61; Funeral Services Tomorrow. JTA, October 11, 1965
  14. ^ Archives of the New York Times: Felicia Warburg, RW Sarnoff Wed; Two of yesterdays's brides. The New York Times, July 8, 1950
  15. ↑ New York Times Archives: FD Roosevelt Jr. Weds Mrs. Sarnoff. The New York Times, July 2, 1970
  16. ↑ Eric Pace: Edward Warburg, Philanthropist And Patron of the Arts, Dies at 84 The New York Times, September 22, 1992
  17. ^ Archives of the New York Times: Fritz M. Warburg of banking house. The New York Times, October 15, 1964

Remarks

  1. ↑ probably Franziska Jahns (1850–1907), who was initially employed as a nanny in 1869. In her honor, the Warburg family erected a grave site with a sculptural group (1908) by the sculptor Richard Luksch in the Ohlsdorf cemetery at Chapel 7 , now in the women's garden , details at "hamburg.de/frauenbiografien"
personal data
SURNAME Warburg, Moritz M.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German banker
DATE OF BIRTH May 8, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1910
Place of death Hamburg