Mualla Eyüboğlu Anhegger

Mualla Eyüboğlu Anhegger (born March 13, 1919 in Aziziye , Sivas , † August 18, 2009 in Istanbul ) was one of the first women architects in the Republic of Turkey . She was known for her work in the village institutes and as a restorer of old buildings.

Childhood, family and education

Eyüboğlu was born in Aziziye in 1919 and came from a wealthy family that originally came from Trabzon. Her father, Mehmet Rahmi Eyuboğlu , a graduate of Mekteb-i Mülkiye , was Mutasarrıf in Anatolia and later a member of the National Assembly . He came from Maçka and traced the origins of his family to Saladin . Therefore, he chose the family name Eyüboğlu ("Son of Ayyub "). The mother Lütfiye came from a religious-conservative notable family from Pulathane, today Akçaabat . Her mother, in turn, came from the area around the palace, her father from a local officer family.

Mualla Eyüboğlu was born one year after the First World War in Aziziye in the province of Erzurum . Mualla had four siblings. These included the two older brothers, the poet and painter Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu and the author Sabahattin Eyüboğlu . Her older sister was named Nezahat. The younger brother was Mustafa. According to Mustafa, the mother gave birth to twins, but they did not survive. Her childhood was marked by the war of liberation. She spent war and childhood in Kütahya and Artvin . In 1924 the family moved to Trabzon . A year later, Mualla started school there. When she was in third grade, Latin script was introduced. According to his own statements, Mualla grew up with Ataturk's reforms . In 1929 the family moved to Istanbul to ensure the children's education . There Eyüboğlu graduated from middle school and high school at the girls' high school in Vefa. She was an average student. After finishing school, the family moved to the Soğanağa district. Mualla then studied architecture from 1936 to 1942 at the Academy of Fine Arts of Istanbul University .

The family name was also written as Eyuboğlu or Eyüpoğlu.

Village institutes

After completing her studies in 1942, she visited her brother Sabahattin in Ankara, who was a member of a committee for training and education there. İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, who headed the body at the time, immediately appointed her head of the “construction department” of the Hasanoğlan village institute near Ankara. In the following five years Eyüboğlu was involved in the opening and construction of the other village institutes in Eskişehir, Aydın, Kayseri and Erzurum and worked as a teacher in the village institutes. At the age of 24, she set up a village institute in her birthplace. She taught u. a. Construction, technical drawing, interior design and art history. One of the first buildings that Eyüboğlu designed together with her students was the Hasanoğlan Village Institute's music school. The blueprint of the music school was formally similar to the so-called sun disk of the Hittites . Hitit Güneşi ("Hittite Sun") was Eyüboğlu's nickname. In Hasanoğlan she also built the carpenter's shop, the hammam and the canteen of the village institute. In 1998, Eyüboğlu retrospectively assessed the village institutes as follows:

“It's hard to believe if you haven't experienced it yourself, but the villages still lived in the Stone Age. Each village institute had an infirmary. This was very useful for Anatolia in the fight against malaria. One was not satisfied with building a village school and training village school teachers. There were also numerous useful things in the village development. For me, the village institutes were a window to culture for Turkish villages. "

In her memoir, Eyüboğlu reported about dandruff and the like. a. with Yaşar Kemal during this time. Ruhi Su is said to have stalked her so vehemently that he showed up at night with a gun in hand in front of the door of the girls' dormitory and was removed from Hasanoğlan. In 1947 she fell ill with a severe form of malaria in Ortaklar . She was treated in the French hospital in Izmir . Her father forbade her to stay in Anatolia while she was still in bed.

Restorer

Eyüboğlu returned to Istanbul and from 1948 worked as an assistant at the Academy of Fine Arts in the field of urban planning. Especially after the Democratic Party came to power , she felt marginalized at the university because of her earlier work in the village institutes, which were frowned upon after the abolition. From 1949 Eyüboğlu worked on the side at the excavations of Yazılıkaya and Ephesus and toured Europe. In 1952 she became a reporter for a state institution for the protection of antiquities, the Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anıtlar Yüksek Kurulu . In this role she got to know all of Anatolia. Eyüboğlu later worked as a restorer for the same facility.

Eyüboğlu was involved in the restoration of historical buildings throughout Anatolia. These included u. a. Selimiye Bazaar, Gazi Mihal Hamam, and Üç Şerefeli Mosque (all in Edirne); the castle and the Hunad Hatun mosque (Kayseri), the Buruciye Medrese in Sivas, the old Mozaik Museum in Antakya, the Zinciriye Medrese in Mardin and the castle in Trabzon. In Istanbul she restored the Türbe of Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa, the Süleymaniye Külliyesi, the Rumeli Hisarı , the Harem of Topkapı Sarayı and other buildings. Work on Rumeli Hisarı took three years, and work in Topkapı Palace took ten years. There she discovered the hiding place of the Valide Sultan and wrote a book about it.

Her father died in 1952. In 1958 she married the German political exile Robert Anhegger , whom she had known since New Year's Eve 1948. The mother, Lütfiye Hanım, was strictly against the marriage and broke off contact for about a year. The couple lived on the Black Sea in Arnavutköy until 1964 . They then bought a unit in the Doğan Apartmanı .

Next life

In 1969 Robert Anhegger was appointed director of the Goethe Institute in Amsterdam. In total, the couple lived there for five years. Eyüboğlu often traveled back and forth between Istanbul and Amsterdam, but was released from her role as a restorer. The final return to Istanbul took place in 1975. In 1981 her mother died and in 2001 Robert Anhegger. Her memoirs appeared a few years later. Mualla Eyüboğlu died in August 2009. She was buried in the Topkapı Merkezefendi Mezarlığı cemetery.

Works

• Mualla Anhegger-Eyüboğlu: Topkapı Sarayı'nda Padişah Evi (Harem). Istanbul 1986

literature

• Tûba Çandar: Hitit Güneşi . Mualla Eyuboğlu Anhegger. 4th edition. Doğan Kitap, Istanbul 2003, ISBN 975-293-079-4 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Mualla Eyüboğlu Anhegger in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Messenger from another world. The harem was her life's work: on the death of the Turkish architect Mualla Anhegger-Eyüboglu. Retrieved May 11, 2015 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bianet.org: Mualla Eyuboglu profile. Retrieved January 4, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Özlem Altun: İdealin PEŞİNDE: Koy Enstitüleri. In: Türkiye Erken Dönem Cumhuriyet Mimarisi, p. 78f.
3. ^ Portrait in Milliyet of March 16, 2003
4. ↑ Excerpt from an interview with Mualla Eyüboğlu-Anhegger (Turkish)