Mumadona slides

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Statue of Mumadona Dias, 4th Countess of Portugal (924-950)

Mumadona Dias ( Spanish : Muniadona Díaz ) (* around 900; † 968 as a nun of Guimarães ) was the most powerful woman in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in her time , ruled from around 924 to 950 as the fourth Countess of Portugal - mostly together with her husband Hermenegildo González ( Portuguese : Hermenegildo Gonçalves, also called Mendo Gonçalves) († 943/950) - resigned in 950, distributed her husband's inheritance among her children, donated the São Mamede monastery in Guimarães and the castle there, which later became the starting point of the Portuguese National consciousness became.

origin

Details on the origins of the Mumadona Dias family are only available to a limited extent, as their paternal grandfather only knows the first name Fernando and it is assumed that he came from Castile . According to Saéz Emilio, this Fernando could at best be identical with the magnate Fernando el Negro (the black) who, with his wife Gutina, built the churches of Santa Centola and San Martín de Castrosiero in the last years of the reign of Alfonso II el Casto (the chaste) ) King of Asturias (791–842) founded.

Mumadona's father Diogo Fernandes (Spanish: Diego Fernández), who appears for the first time in a document in 909, was a count in the Kingdom of León , which suggests that the family comes from the Iberian nobility. Diogo probably came on behalf of King Alfons III. King of Asturias (866–910) moved to what is now Portugal to help repopulate the areas south of the Duero that were recaptured by the Moors. Possibly he was part of the entourage that accompanied the Infante Vermudo Ordoñez, a son of Ordoño I, King of Asturias (850 - 866), when he settled in this area and stayed there until his death in 928. Diogo appears in a document on October 1, 915 with residence in the county of Portugal, when he confirmed a gift from Lucido Vimaranenz and his wife Gudilona to Bishop Gomando. He then often followed in the entourage of King Ordoño II. King of Galicia and León († 924) and followed the Infante Ramiro when he set up his residence in Viseu (in Portugal). In the list of the Counts of Portugal on Wikipedia in Portuguese, Diogo Fernandes is referred to as the 3rd Count of Portugal, but without specifying the start of his function, which that article ended after 924, although he still appears as a witness in a document in 926.

A Countess Onecca is named as Mumadona's mother, but her origin is controversial. Older genealogists assumed that she came from the family of Vimiega Peres, the first Count of Portugal, was called Onecca Lucides and was a daughter of Lucio Vimaranes, the second Count of Portugal, who followed his father Count Vimiega Peres in 873. This seemed obvious, as it could explain why the county of Portugal did not remain in the family of the conqueror and first count Vimiegas Peres, but passed to Diogo Fernandes and thus to another dynasty. This could be explained, for example, by the fact that Lucio Vimaranes only left underage sons on his death who, in times of ongoing attacks by Moors and Vikings , appeared unsuitable to succeed him, which is why his son-in-law Diogo took over the county as a bellicose magnate.

However, this thesis is rejected by modern historians, who assume that there has been a mix-up, in that the Onecca Lucides mentioned is not Onecca, the wife of Count Diogo Fernandes, but in reality a later relative. On the basis of the name of Onecca and the names of her children and descendants, it is rather assumed that Onecca on her father's side comes from the family of the kings of Navarre , that her name was possibly Onecca (Onega) Jiménez, and a daughter of the Infante Jimeno of Navarre from his marriage with Leodegunde Ordóñez, a daughter of Ordoño I. King of Asturias, as she was referred to as their aunt by the children of Mumadona. Onecca last appeared in a document on December 5, 928 in the monastery of Santa Maria de Lorvão (in the district of Coimbra in Portugal) with her four children, Munia, Leodegundia, Ximeno and Mumadona on the occasion of a pious foundation that she made for her uncle, the Infante of Asturias, Bermudo Ordoñez, a son of King Ordoño I.

However, this version of the origin of Countess Onecca leaves two questions unanswered:

  1. Why could her husband - without any relatives or brotherhood to his predecessor - come into the possession of the County of Portugal, although with Alvito Lucides there was at least one male heir of the 2nd Count of Portugal, who was not only the foundation of Countess Onecca on December 5th 928 attested, but was also her brother-in-law (husband of her sister Munia Dias)?
  2. Why did Mumadona succeed her father as the fourth countess, even though she had an older brother and two older sisters?

Life

Guimarães Castle founded by Mumadona Dias before 968

Mumadona Dias was born as the fourth child and third daughter of her parents around 900 and grew up with her siblings Munia Dias († after 973), Leodegundia Dias († before 960) and Jimeno Dias († November 12, 961/62) in the Kingdom of León . She probably accompanied her father Count Diogo when he - presumably following the call of the Infante Bermudo Ordóñez, who lived in exile in Viseu - took over the county of Portugal.

Mumadona probably married the Asturian Count Hermenegildo González between 915/920, but no later than 926 .

She herself appears for the first time on February 22, 926 in a document in which Infant Ramiro Ordóñez (later Ramiro II, King of León) transfers villa Crexemir to Mumadona and her husband Hermenegildo. Aloitus Lucidi, the son of the 2nd Count of Portugal, appears as the first among the witnesses.

Two years later, on December 5, 928, her mother Onecca, together with her children and sons-in-law, established a pious foundation in the monastery of Santa Maria de Lorvão (today in the Coimbra district in Portugal), in the Mumadona as "Mummadonna" and her husband as "Ermegildus Gundisaluiz ”. Since her husband no longer appears in the documents after 943, he is likely to have died in the next few years, whereby Mumadona ruled the county of Portugal alone until 950.

The next documentary mention is only found in 950, when Mumadona distributed properties from his inheritance in memory of her deceased husband “viro meo dive memorie Domno Ermigildo” (for example, for my husband, pious memory, Mr. Ermigildo). At the same time she withdrew from the county government, which she left to her eldest son, Gonzalo I. Mendes.

When the inheritance of Count Hermenegildo was divided, the rule of Vimaranes (today the city of Guimarães in the north of Portugal in the Braga district , about 45 km northeast of Porto ) fell to his daughter Onecca. At the request of her mother Mumadona, Onecca left this property to her mother and was compensated for it with another property.

Mumadona had the São Mamede monastery built in Guimarães after 950 as a pious foundation, which she later entered as a nun. In order to protect the monastery from the recurring attacks by Normans and Moors, a few years later she had a castle built there, the Castelo de Vimaranes, which was completed before 968. This castle was later the residence of the Counts of Portugal and is therefore closely linked to the beginning of the Portuguese national consciousness.

Marriage and offspring

marriage

Mumadona Dias probably married between 915 and 920, but in any case before February 23, 926 - the date on which she officially appeared as a wife - Hermenegildo Gonsales, in Portuguese tradition also called Mendo I Gonçalves (Spanish: Hermenegildo González) († 943 / 950) This was a magnate and count of Deza in the Kingdom of Galicia , who through his marriage to Mumadona Dias before 926 to 943/50 became the (co-ruling) count of Portugal. Through their children, they became the first parents of the third house of the Counts of Portugal and ancestors of important Portuguese noble families.

progeny

  1. Gonçalo I. Mendes, (Gonzalo Menéndez) 5th Count of Portugal (950 - 997), calls himself dux magnus ("Grand Duke") of Portugal, ⚭ his cousin Ilduara Pais (Spanish: Ildonza Pelaez), a daughter of his paternal uncle Pelayo Gonçalves and Hermesenda Gutierrez, a sister of the Holy Rudesind ( Rosendo de Celanova ) († 977).
  2. Diego Mendes, (Diego Menéndez) († after October 17, 964), ⚭ Aldonça Ne.
    1. Mumadona Dias († 1025), nun in the monastery at Guimarães.
  3. Ramiro Mendes (Ramiro Menéndez) ((* around 925, † before October 17, 964), ⚭ 962/63 Adosina Guterres (Adosinda Gutiérrez) († after 981/88), a daughter of Guterre Mendes (Gutierre Menéndez) Count of Coimbra and Ilduaria Eris (Ilduara Ériz) († around 958), who was a daughter of Ero Fernandes Count of Lugo.
    1. Velasquita Ramires (Velasquita Ramírez) († after August 15, 1028), became Queen of León through her marriage, as she married Bermudo II "el Gotoso" King of León as his first wife .
  4. Onecca Mendes (Oneca Menéndez) (cl. 950, † after December 4, 968), ⚭ before January 26, 959 Guterre Rodrigues (Gutierre Rodríguez) († after 1014), a magnate of León, the King Ordoño IV of León im Supported civil war against King Sancho.
  5. Nuno Mendes (Nuño Menéndez) (cl. 950, † after January 26, 959);
  6. Arias Mendes (Arias Menéndez) (cl. 950, † after October 17, 964)

See also

literature

  • AMARAL, Luís Carlos. (2009). "O povoamento da terra bracarense durante o século XIII". Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História Seríe III, vol. 10: page 121; Universidade do Porto. ISSN  0871-164X .
  • Cawley Charles, "Medieval Lands"
  • GARCÍA ÁLVAREZ, Manuel Rubén. (1960 2001). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (in Spanish). Revista Guimarães (70): page 218; Betanzos: Casa de Sarmento. Centro de estudios do património. Universidade do Minho. OCLC 402770925
  • MATTOSO, José. (1970). "A nobreza portucalense dos séculos IX a XI". Page 139, Do tempo e da história: 35-50. Lisboa: Instituto de alta cultura. Centro de estudos históricos. OCLC 565153778
  • Sereno, Isabel; Dordio, Paulo; Gonçalves, Joaquim (2003), SIPA, ed., Castelo de Guimarães (IPA.00001060 / PT010308340011) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico.
  • SAEZ, Emilio. (1947). "Los ascendientes de San Rosendo: notas para el estudio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X" (em espanhol). Hispania: revista española de Historia: page 62, Madrid: CSIC, Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. OCLC 682814356.
  • Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1989). "Los descendientes del conde Ero Fernández, fundador del Monasterio de Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares". Page 69; El Museo de Pontevedra (in Spanish) (43): ISSN  0210-7791 .
  • Detlev Schwennicke , " European Family Tables New Series", Volume II, Plate 49
  • TORRES SEVILLA-QUIÑONES DE LEÓN, Margarita Cecilia. Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII (em espanhol). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura, 1999. ISBN 84-7846-781-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ SÁEZ, Emilio. (1947). "Los ascendientes de San Rosendo: notas para el estudio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X" (em espanhol). Hispania: revista española de Historia: page 62, Madrid: CSIC, Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. OCLC 682814356.
  2. ↑ Sáez, Emilio, op.cit. Page 58.
  3. ↑ Sáez, Emilio, op.cit. Pages 60, 61
  4. ↑ Wiki article in Portuguese "Condado Portucalense"
  5. ↑ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, 1999, op. cit. Page 310.
  6. ↑ MATTOSO, José. (1970). "A nobreza portucalense dos séculos IX a XI". Do tempo e da história: page 36 f .; . Lisboa: Instituto de alta cultura. Centro de estudos históricos. OCLC 565153778.
  7. ↑ CARDOZO, Mario. (1963). "Sería Mumadona tia de Ramiro II, Rei de Leão?". Bracara Augusta: Revista Cultural: page 383; Câmara Municipal de Braga. OCLC 3256994.
  8. ↑ Charles Cawley, "Medieval Lands" http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Galicia.htm#MuniadomnaDiazMHermengildoGonzalez950 He quotes there Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), J. 'Jimenos y Velas en Portugal', RPH 51 ( 1951), pp. 480-1, also cited by Torres (1999), p. 310, and Mattoso (1994), p. 139.
  9. ↑ SAEZ, Emilio. op.cit page 62
  10. ↑ SÁEZ, Emilio. op.cit page 108
  11. ↑ Charles Cawley op. Cit. Footnote No. 639, cited: Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21st
  12. ^ Charles Cawley, op. Cit. Footnote No. 707
  13. ↑ AMARAL, Luís Carlos. (2009). "O povoamento da terra bracarense durante o século XIII". Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História Seríe III, vol. 10: page 121; Universidade do Porto. ISSN  0871-164X .
  14. ↑ Sereno, Isabel; Dordio, Paulo; Gonçalves, Joaquim (2003), SIPA, ed., Castelo de Guimarães (IPA.00001060 / PT010308340011) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico.
  15. ↑ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999, op.cit. Page 306.
  16. ↑ GARCIA ÁLVAREZ, Manuel Rubén. (1960 2001). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (in Spanish). Revista Guimarães (70): page 211; Betanzos: Casa de Sarmento. Centro de estudios do património. Universidade do Minho. OCLC402770925.
  17. ^ Charles Cawley op.cit,)
  18. ↑ Charles Cawley: [fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Galicia.htm#_Toc342112881 Medieval Lands]
personal data
SURNAME Mumadona slides
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muniadona Díaz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 4. Countess of Portugal, builder of the Guimarães castle
DATE OF BIRTH around 900
DATE OF DEATH 968
Place of death Guimarães