Linen factory museum
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Bielefeld |
| Art |
Industrial history
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| opening | 1997 |
| operator |
Friends of the laundry factory project e. V. Open every Sunday from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. |
| Website | |
| ISIL | DE-MUS-002026 |
The Museum Linen Factory is a museum in the East Westphalian city of Bielefeld and shows the working conditions in a linen factory in the middle of the 20th century at the original location.
history
History of the linen factory
In 1899, Hugo Juhl and Max Helmke took over the Bielefeld linen and linen business, M. Dahl, which had existed since 1884, after the death of the company's founder Moritz Dahl in 1899 from his widow. They were both senior executives in the company. Since 1907 the company was called United Linen Factory Juhl & Helmke . The M. Dahl company (later Dahl & Co. ) was also continued by Juhl and Helmke. In 1911 Max Helmke left the company; however, the company name Juhl & Helmke remained. In 1912, Hugo Juhl bought the plots at Viktoriastraße 48 and 50 with the plots behind them with the help of his wife's dowry and built a linen factory with an integrated house in the backyard, which also served as an apartment for the Jewish factory founder Hugo Juhl and his family.
In the heyday of trousseau production in the mid-1920s, Hugo Juhl opened further sewing and embroidery rooms in the houses at Viktoriastraße 65 and Heeper Straße 48. At the end of the 1920s, as a result of the global economic crisis, there was a major slump in the number of employees, so that Hugo Juhl concentrated production on the original building again in 1931. Bed and table linen, nightwear and underwear as well as men's shirts and women's blouses were sewn.
In March 1938, Juhl, anticipating the “ Aryanization ”, sold the linen factory to the brothers Theodor and Georg Winkel from Dresden , who ran a publishing house for Catholic writings there. On June 10, 1939, Hugo Juhl died in the St. Franziskus Hospital in Bielefeld of kidney and circulatory failure. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery on Haller Weg. His daughter Hanna had emigrated to Holland with her husband Fritz Bender in 1933. After Hugo Juhl's death, their second daughter Mathilde and the widow Klara followed them there. After the German army marched into Holland on May 10, 1940, only Fritz Bender managed to escape to England in a rowboat. Klara and Mathilde Juhl and Hanna Bender with their little daughter Marianne committed suicide on July 3, 1940 in Amsterdam.
In 1941 the factory was renamed United Linen Factory Th. And G. Winkel . The Winkel brothers initially continued to live in Dresden and had the lingerie factory managed by authorized representatives . 1944 most were sewing machines as part of the creation of a "war plant community" with the company laundry Schmitz in their rooms in the Düppelstraße, today Willy-Brandt-Platz (Bielefeld) spent, the remaining machines in the pub Frehe outsourced. The Jakob Schmitz laundry factory building was completely destroyed on September 30, 1944 in the great bombing raid on Bielefeld. At the beginning of August 1945, production could be resumed with the remaining machines in Viktoriastraße 48a. In 1948 Theodor and Georg Winkel moved with their families to the factory building in Bielefeld and took over the management of the linen factory themselves.
After an initial boom in the 1950s, orders declined in the 1960s. The last investments were made in 1964. Due to the onset of the textile crisis and the competition from large-scale industrial production, which was increasingly taking place in so-called “low-wage countries”, the orders and thus the workforce continued to decline. While 210 seamstresses were employed in the lingerie factory in the heyday of 1924, by the end of the 1970s there were only four. Georg Winkel died in 1981. Theodor continued to run the company, which was not deleted from the commercial register, with an accountant and four seamstresses, each of whom came on call when required, until his death in 1990.
History of the museum
In 1986 an industrial photographer discovered the laundry factory. In the following year, a support association “Project Linen Factory e. V. ”, which campaigned for the maintenance of the laundry factory. The building was listed as a historical monument in 1987 . In 1993, the association was able to acquire the building and convert it into a museum on a voluntary basis. In 1997 the factory was opened as a museum laundry factory . In 1998, scenes in a sewing room from the 1920s were shot on the premises for the film Sturmzeit . In 2000, the German National Committee for Monument Protection awarded the Friends' Association the “German Prize for Monument Protection”: the Silver Hemisphere . The museum is part of the European Textile Network (ETNET) and various local industrial monument routes.
exhibition
The museum does not have an exhibition in the conventional sense, but is an accessible monument . At the original workplaces, background information on the respective rooms and working conditions is given on steles . A media presentation in the entrance area of the museum brings the story of the founding family Juhl to life. The museum is a unique testimony to the industrial culture of the first half of the twentieth century; since 1964 there have been no more changes to the inventory.
Machine and office equipment was used as long as it was repairable. However, newly purchased machines were often up-to-date, as pre-series models were set up through a contract with the neighboring Dürkopp plants in order to test them in real operation. In total, the sewing room houses over 50 sewing and embroidery machines, which were built between 1914 and 1962, mostly from Bielefeld manufacturers such as Dürkopp, Adler , Anker and Phönix , but also from Singer .
As the museum is largely run by a voluntary association, it is only open on Sundays from 11 am to 6 pm. During the week, members of the development association guide groups of visitors through the factory upon request. Once a month there are open tours through the surrounding Bielefeld spinning district and the building. Once a month, the use of the historical machines is demonstrated in embroidery and sewing demonstrations. Twice a month, and increasingly during the school holidays, there are museum educational events for children to take part in. From spring to autumn there is the “Small Culture Salon ” in the entrepreneur's apartment: the idea of the musical and literary salon is revived here with music, cabaret , lectures and readings .
See also
literature
Monographs
- Support association for the laundry factory project (ed.): Museum laundry factory. Time travel into a piece of Bielefeld industrial culture . Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89534-906-5 .
Essays
- Astrid Frevert: Former people tell. The importance of oral history for the museum . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 49-53 .
- Hans-Jörg Kühne: The rise and fall of the Bielefeld underwear and clothing industry using the example of the companies of Juhl & Helmke and the Winkel brothers . In: 83rd Annual Report of the Historical Association for the County of Ravensberg . Bielefeld 1996, p. 113-138 .
- Hans-Jörg Kühne: The "United Linen Factory Th. And G. Winkel" in the post-war period. The slow end of laundry production . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 38-43 .
- Wilhelm Kulke: The Juhl family. A typical Bielefeld merchant family . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 18-25 .
- Katja Roeckner: The conflict over the restitution of "Aryanized" property using the example of the Bielefeld laundry factory Juhl / Winkel . In: 88th annual report of the Historical Association for the County of Ravensberg, 2002/2003 . Bielefeld, S. 181-192 .
- Katja Roeckner: The example of the Bielefeld laundry factory Juhl & Helmke / Th. U. G. Angles . In: Jupp Asdonk, Dagmar Buchwald, Lutz Havemann, Uwe Horst, Bernd J. Wagner (eds.): “It was our neighbors!” Deportations in Ostwestfalen-Lippe 1941–1945 (= Bielefeld contributions to the city and regional history . No. No. . 24 ). Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-1292-2 , pp. 153-160 .
- Rosmarie Schneider: Museum educational offers in the linen factory. Discover the past with children and young people . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 54-57 .
- Bärbel Sunderbrink: The linen factory in World War II. Excerpts from a correspondence . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 26-37 .
- Rüdiger Uffmann: The sewing room of the laundry factory museum. Typical for the industry? In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 12-17 .
- Rüdiger Uffmann: The laundry factory museum in Bielefeld. A gem of industrial culture, in industrial culture and the history of technology in North Rhine-Westphalia. Initiatives and associations. Edited by the German Society for Industrial Culture. Klartext, Essen 2001, pp. 85 - 92 (with ill.)
- Heinrich Wiethüchter, Bettina Rinke: The architecture of the linen factory . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 7-11 .
- Hartmut Wille: A former linen factory is becoming a museum. Preliminary history of a voluntary history project . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 1-6 .
- Hartmut Wille: From bed linen to carpeting. To develop the production range of the linen factory . In: Ravensberger Blätter (= writings of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg ). No. 2 . Bielefeld 1999, p. 44-48 .
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 1 ′ 16.5 ″ N , 8 ° 32 ′ 31.9 ″ E