Musicology (album)
| Musicology | |||||
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| Prince's studio album | |||||
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Publication |
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admission |
2002-2004 |
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| Label (s) | NPG Records / Columbia Records | ||||
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Format (s) |
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R&B , funk , soul , pop music , rock music |
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Title (number) |
12 |
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running time |
47:49 |
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| occupation | All songs were produced, arranged, composed and performed by Prince . His band members added the following to the recordings:
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Studio (s) |
Paisley Park Studio ( Chanhassen ) |
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Musicology ( English for musicology ) is the 28th studio album by the American musician Prince . It was released on April 19, 2004 on the Columbia Records / NPG Records label . Registered members of Prince's website at the time were able to download the album on March 29, 2004 . The music on the album belongs to the genre R&B , funk , soul , pop and rock . Guest musicians act, among other Candy Dulfer , Clare Fischer , Maceo Parker and Sheila E. with.
Prince worked with a major label for the first time since 1999 in what some of the mass media saw as a musician comeback . Musicology was largely rated positively by music critics and the Musicology tour became the world's most successful tour in 2004 , with 1.5 million visitors and revenues of 87 million US dollars . In addition, the songs Musicology and Call My Name received Grammy Awards .
Emergence
After the contract with Warner Bros. Records ended on December 31, 1999, Prince did not work with any major label for more than four years and sold his records exclusively on the Internet via his then website NPG Music Club.com . His level of awareness fell over the years and he was hardly represented in the international charts.
Prince played the songs A Million Days and If Eye Was the Man in Ur Life in his Paisley Park Studio in Chanhassen , Minnesota, in the mid-1990s ; in the 21st century he then reworked these two songs with his backing band The New Power Generation . More album recordings took place in 2002 in a recording studio in Mississauga ( Ontario instead). On April 18, 2003 Prince released the song Reflection and on November 13, 2003 What Do U Want Me 2 Do? ; both songs could be heard on his then website NPG Music Club.com . In mid-January 2004 he revised more of the previously recorded songs with Candy Dulfer , trombonist Greg Boyer and Maceo Parker .
Before the album Musicology was released in April 2004, Prince operated extensive music promotion in the USA ; for example, he appeared in several television shows such as The Tonight Show from Jay Leno , in the The Ellen DeGeneres Show and the Today Show to. Prince played with Wendy Melvoin for the first time since 1986 when he appeared on the Tavis Smiley Show .
On February 8, 2004, he opened the Grammy Awards 2004 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles and sang his hit Purple Rain in a duet with Beyoncé . “I'm always asked if I can play at the Grammys. I did it this year because I released an album that I want to promote and a tour that I also want to promote, ”Prince told The Canadian Press .
On March 15, 2004, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The eulogy held Andre 3000 and Big Boi of OutKast and Alicia Keys , who said, inter alia through Prince ". There are many kings, but there is only one Prince" At the end of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame At the event, Prince played the song While My Guitar Gently Weeps (1968), composed by George Harrison , together with Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers , Steve Ferrone and Jeff Lynne . Prince took over the lead guitar , which Eric Clapton recorded in the studio version. With appearances at the Grammy Awards and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the mass media was more interested in Prince than it had been in years.
Marketing strategy
Before Prince signed a contract with the major label Columbia Records on February 24, 2004 , his lawyers negotiated a detailed marketing strategy for the sale of the album Musicology . Under the contract, Prince received no advance payment from Columbia Records, but was allowed to keep the copyrights and masters of all songs on the album. He was also to receive $ 7 for every Musicology album sold . In the 1990s he had to sell 666,667 albums on the major label Warner Bros. Records to earn one million US dollars. At Columbia Records, however, 142,857 copies sold were enough to receive the same amount. Prince earned $ 19.5 million in 20 years on his best-selling 1984 album, Purple Rain, and $ 9.1 million on Musicology's 1.4 million albums sold. (Status: 2004)
Each concert goers the Musicology tour also received the album next to the Concert Ticket Musicology , which was included in the ticket price. Concert prices ranged from $ 50 to $ 85. Nielsen SoundScan, the company responsible for collecting the official music charts in the USA, counted every Musicology album that was given out at concerts as an album sold. As a result, the album rose to number three in the US charts and received double platinum.
Concert-goers who had already bought an album before a concert on the Musicology Tour would inevitably receive another copy. The US daily The Boston Globe criticized this practice and asked in an article: “Do you want to pay twice for his [Prince '] music?” Billboard magazine suggested that concertgoers should have the choice “either to buy the CD with the ticket or to be able to buy a discounted ticket without a CD. "Mike Dreese, founder of the US music store Newbury Comics, spoke of" the most impossible attempt to illegally upgrade the chart position that I have ever come across. "However, industry experts were predominantly the Opinion that Prince has developed a creative, promising concept.
With the income Prince received from the Musicology album and tour , he modernized all of the recording studios in his Paisley Park studio.
Design of the cover
The front of the digipak shows a photo of Prince, on which only the left half of his face including the hairline can be seen. Prince has bent his left arm and his thumb is touching his lower lip, his pupils looking to the left. The photo is placed on the right-hand side of the fold-out digipak. The tracklist of the album is printed on the back . The color scheme of the Digipak and the CD booklet are in shades of brown. The CD booklet contains the lyrics to the individual Musicology songs , as well as five photos of Prince and two of his companion band The New Power Generation . The albums that were distributed on the Musicology tour were packed in a cardboard sleeve without a CD booklet instead of in a digipak.
music
The Musicology album is shaped by the music genres R&B , funk , soul , pop music and rock music . Prince's voice can be heard in various pitches on the album, including his typical falsetto singing .
The title song Musicology belongs to the funk genre. Towards the end of the song is in minor -held synthesizer - reef heard. The last 20 seconds are snippets from the Prince songs If I Was Your Girlfriend , 17 Days , Kiss , Sign "☮" the Times and Little Red Corvette . The lyric is a tribute to the radio musicians Earth, Wind & Fire , James Brown and Sly and the Family Stone , mentioned by Prince all by name.
Illusion, Coma, Pimp & Circumstance is influenced by hip-hop and has a rhythmic scratch guitar as an element , but no melody worth mentioning . The lyrics are about a gigolo and an elderly lady. In the lyrics of A Million Days , Prince addresses the separation between himself and a woman.
In the lyrics to Life 'o' the Party, Prince Michael Jackson teases with the lines: “My voice is higher. And I never had my nose corrected ”. The ballad Call My Name contains samples arranged by Clare Fischer that are played by a string instrument orchestra. In the lyrics, Prince refers, among other things, to the house he bought in Canada.
Cinnamon Girl is about the war that sweeps Babylon . Prince also tells the story of a girl who is a Muslim of American descent; she grows up with cinnamon-colored skin. The girl cries and prays for the victims of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 . But it does not stop at the compassionate grief, because the girl has to experience how she and her kind are made guilty and responsible for the terror of Islamists . Cinnamon Girl is not a cover version of the 1969 Neil Young song of the same name .
What Do U Want Me 2 Do? is an R&B and jazz influenced song that Prince recorded on a Linn LM-1 computer. Production is sparse, focused on Prince's drums and bass playing . In the lyrics, Prince is seen during one of his live performances by a woman who wants him from now on. Both Prince and the woman are already in a relationship, however, and Prince warns that the woman would be beheaded in certain countries if he followed her advances. “Shame on you!” He scolds. The song Dear Mr. Man belongs to the 1970s funk genre. In the lyrics of the song, Prince asks to stop using drugs and pleads for an end to the Iraq war and for the protection of the environment.
Reflection is a gentle song from the pop music genre. The arrangement consists of a simple bass game, acoustic guitars and gentle drumming. In addition, a somewhat cheesy sounding flute playing can be heard, which is generated by synthesizers . The lyrics are about Prince's past, for example when he had posters on his walls and compared himself to friends about who had the roundest Afro look . It seems as if he longs for earlier times and wants to sit on a staircase again, play the guitar and watch the cars go by. Prince sings Reflection with a soulful, tender voice.
Title list and publication
| No. | song | author | length |
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| 1 | Musicology | Prince | 4:24 |
| 2 | Illusion, Coma, Pimp & Circumstance | Prince | 4:45 |
| 3 | A million days | Prince | 3:50 |
| 4th | Life 'o' the party | Prince | 4:29 |
| 5 | Call my name | Prince | 5:15 |
| 6th | Cinnamon girl | Prince | 3:56 |
| 7th | What Do U Want Me 2 Do? | Prince | 4:15 |
| 8th | The marrying child | Prince | 2:49 |
| 9 | If Eye Was the Man in Ur Life | Prince | 3:10 |
| 10 | On the couch | Prince | 3:33 |
| 11 | Dear Mr. Man | Prince | 4:14 |
| 12 | Reflection | Prince | 3:04 |
| 13 | Musicology ( music video ) | Prince | 4:58 |
On March 29, 2004, the album could already be downloaded from Prince's website at the time, NPG Music Club.com . On Compact Disc appeared Musicology on 19 April 2004 in the UK and a day later in the US. The 13th track on the CD also contains the music video for the single Musicology on CD-ROM . The album was also released on compact cassette .
On February 8, 2019 The Prince Estate published (dt .: The Princeton discount ) on the music label Legacy Recording that to Sony Music Entertainment heard the album for the first time on record . Musicology was released as a double album on purple vinyl. Posthumously , The Prince Estate officially manages all of Prince's phonogram releases.
Single releases
Two singles were released from the album: The title song Musicology was released on April 22, 2004, but was not released as a single worldwide. The B-side is the song On the Couch , which is identical to the album version. The second single was released on September 28, 2004 Cinnamon Girl , whereby the European edition differs from the North American ; the editions have different covers and the North American edition contains both the music video and the accompanying making-of of Cinnamon Girl . The European edition contains a live version of Dear Mr. Man , which can be heard as audio and also seen as a music video. The live version of Dear Mr. Man was recorded on April 20, 2004 at Webster Hall in New York City . The European edition also contains the song United States of Division .
Music videos
Prince produced four music videos with Musicology , Call My Name , Cinnamon Girl and A Million Days , with A Million Days not being released.
The filming of the Musicology video took place on October 10th and 11th, 2003 in Los Angeles , California and was directed by Sanaa Hamri (* 1974), the choreography is by Aakomon Jones and Fatima Robinson. Among other things, Prince is portrayed as a child in the music video played by a then 10-year-old African-American boy. On the second day of shooting, footage was taken of a performance by Prince and his companion band The New Power Generation in the 900-seat Tower Theater in Los Angeles.
The music video for Call My Name was recorded on May 21, 2004 at Hollywood Center Studios, now known as Sunset Las Palmas Studios, in Los Angeles and again directed by Sanaa Hamri. While Prince sings lip-synchronic to the song , The New Power Generation plays the respective instruments. In the middle of the performance, several film scenes of a young couple can be seen in which the woman receives a marriage proposal from the man and they both get married in the end.
In early July 2004, Prince shot a music video for Cinnamon Girl with The New Power Generation at a Broadway Stages Ltd film studio in Greenpoint , New York City . The video tells the story of a schoolgirl with Arabic - American roots. After the girl was confronted with racist harassment at school , shortly before the end of the video, she presses a red button and blows herself up together with other people at the New York airport. But after the explosion, the video runs backwards, so that the people stay alive and the girl did not press the red button. The student is portrayed by the then 14-year-old actress Keisha Castle-Hughes and the footage with her was filmed in Prince's Paisley Park Studio in Chanhassen at the end of August 2004. The music video appears like a pastose dream - half filmed, half drawn. The US daily New York Post described it as "the most tasteless music video of all time" and various television stations in Great Britain and the USA banned it from being broadcast. The music video was directed by Phil Harder, who worked with Big Black and Sonic Youth , among others .
On September 18, 2004, filming began over two days for the A Million Days music video . The Figueroa Hotel in Los Angeles and a recording studio in the same city served as the location . The director was again Sanaa Hamri. Prince had never commented on the reasons why the music video was not officially released.
Cover versions
Occasionally musicians recorded cover versions of songs from the Musicology album ; Dear Mr. Man , Cornel West re-recorded with Prince in 2007. The song was also covered by Norwegian musician Egil Olsen in 2008. Also in 2008, the Norwegian musician Dylan Mondegreen performed their own version of Cinnamon Girl together with the American band The Aluminum Group . The American singer Morgan James recorded a version of Call My Name in 2014 .
tour
| Typical setlist of the Musicology Live 2004ever tour from March 27, 2004 - September 11, 2004 |
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| All songs are authored by Prince , unless otherwise stated |
The tour called Prince "Musicology Live 2004ever" and began on March 27, 2004 in Reno , Nevada. This opening concert was broadcast live in 31 cinemas in the USA. The $ 15 entry price also included the Musicology album. The tour ended on September 11, 2004 in San José , California, comprised 89 concerts, including 87 in the USA and two in Toronto (Canada), was attended by a total of 1.5 million people and grossed 87 million US dollars. The length of the concert varied between 120 and 150 minutes.
The reviews of the Musicology tour were consistently positive; for example, the Canadian website JAM! Music , the concerts are full of moments “where your mouth stays open.” The online magazine PopMatters was also enthusiastic and described Prince as “one of the last of a dying genre: the cross-generational, attractive pop icon . There's no successor in sight yet, so we should be grateful he hasn't run out of juice. " The Wall Street Journal wrote an article on Prince's successful tour with the headline:" Baby, I'm a Star Again - How one who was away from the window, within a few months prepared to regain the podium ”.
Prince's band, The New Power Generation, consisted of the following members:
- Candy Dulfer - saxophone
- Chance Howard - keyboard and vocals
- Greg Boyer - trombone
- John Blackwell (September 9, 1973 - July 4, 2017) - drums
- Mike Scott - acoustic guitar
- Renato Neto - keyboard
- Rhonda Smith - electric bass and backing vocals
- from April 21: Maceo Parker - saxophone
- through June 20th: Mike Phillips - saxophone and vocoder
Aftershows
From 1986 onwards, Prince occasionally played an aftershow after the main concert, i.e. another concert after midnight. His aftershows took place in smaller music clubs in front of mostly 300 to 1,500 spectators and Prince did without the lavish stage shows, choreographies and light shows of his main concerts. In addition, he designed the song selection differently and often did without his top ten hits. Some of the aftershows' highlights were guest appearances by well-known musicians.
In 2004 Prince played an aftershow at 9 of the 89 concerts on the Musicology tour, all of which took place in the United States. Larry Graham and Victor Wooten performed as guest musicians at the first aftershow on May 7th in Nashville, Tennessee in Rocketown . Sheila E. and the US singer Lynn Mabry (born March 21, 1958) were present on June 4 in Los Angeles at the House of Blues , and Wendy Melvoin played guitar at the second after-show in the House of Blues on June 6 . On June 12th in Dallas in the Black Forest Erykah Badu appeared as a guest singer.
On June 17, June 18 and June 19, 2004 Prince gave three aftershows in his Paisley Park Studio, with US singer Kip Blackshire, Larry Graham and former keyboardist from The New Power Generation Morris Hayes performing on the last day Guests appeared. The last aftershow of the Musicology tour Prince played again on July 25, 2004 at the House of Blues in Chicago, with Larry Graham once again. Otherwise, there were no guest musicians at the aftershows.
reception
Press
The reviews of the album Musicology were mostly positive. The vast majority of music critics felt that Musicology was more approachable, melodic, and self-contained than anything Prince has released in over a decade.
Andreas Borcholte from Spiegel Online gave nine out of ten points and wrote: “There is only one single bad taste in this rich music meal: A Million Days sounds a little too much like the directionless self-adulation by Crystal Ball [1998]. Otherwise: Kneel down and worship the little prince who is actually a king. "
Edna Gundersen from USA Today was enthusiastic and gave three and a half stars out of four. " Musicology is a powerful reminder of his undiminished abilities as a soul punk singer, rock guitarist and pop songwriter."
Arezu Weitholz from the German daily FAZ described the album as "very good". Musicology contains jams that "stop at exactly the right place, never get out of hand, songs like Cinnamon Girl that sound like 1988, ballads like Call My Name or A Million Days that could just as easily have appeared on Sign" ☮ "the Times . But it is the moments within the songs, the rich arrangements , that define Prince's virtuosity . The interludes from Life 'o' the Party alone seem as if Missy Elliott was briefly given a tutoring on syncopation . ”In addition, Weitholz wrote:“ Nevertheless, it would be wrong to speak of a Prince comeback in view of the new record . If anything, Musicology is the beginning of a renaissance . "
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic gave three and a half stars out of five and wrote that Musicology is "not the return of Purple Rain or Sign" ☮ "the Times or Parade - in other words, it's not a masterpiece, rather a more confident and self-contained album than Diamonds and Pearls without its connection to hip-hop - but it's a strong album, one that impresses the first time you listen and gets better every time you listen to it. In short, it's the comeback that it wanted to be. "
Anthony DeCurtis of the US music magazine Rolling Stone gave it four out of six stars and said: “Since the early nineties he has seemed to get lost in his own bizarre obsession - the spongy, religious fusion jazz of the 2001 album The Rainbow Children and NEWS ' aimless instrumental improvisations in 2003 were just the latest examples. Musicology, on the other hand, is now such an engaging, straight to the point and absolutely satisfying album that Prince has not recorded in ages. " The Guardian also gave four stars and wrote:" Musicology suggests that Prince is finally out of the self-pitying Rigid has awakened that has lasted ten years. "
Dominique Leone from Pitchfork Media was less positive: "I can't understand how one can seriously speak of a comeback or suggest that he is returning to his previous best form here." The New Musical Express was of a similar opinion and wrote that it was "Unfortunately, wishful thinking if you tried to convince yourself that Musicology was the first really good Prince album since his prime in the eighties."
David Browne of Entertainment Weekly behaved also reserved and were on a scale of A + to F the grade B- and wrote: "Most of the songs sound old-fashioned, even though they are new. A Million Days and Call My Name are delicious slow jam icing on the cake, but basically they're variations of ballads that Prince wrote earlier. It is similar with the dance songs, the title track and Life 'o' the Party - lively songs, but routine. ”In contrast, Browne highlighted the songs Cinnamon Girl , What Do U Want Me 2 Do? and Dear Mr. Man .
Hannes Ross from the weekly magazine Stern headlined “Lahmes Comeback” and wrote: “The twelve new songs are a perfect blend of rock, funk and jazz, but they only sound like a half-hearted reconciliation with the eighties when Prince and Purple Rain were his musical masterpiece delivered. He did not succeed in the big hit. Still: The Prince nostalgics will love Musicology , everyone else will turn away with a shrug. "
Per Nilsen, author of Prince books and an observer of his musical career, said: “Both The Rainbow Children [2001] and Musicology had to do with the waning of my enthusiasm for his music. The Rainbow Children seemed really unattractive to me, and Musicology didn't do justice to the media hype that was being made about it either. ”Still, Nilsen was pleased“ that he [Prince] managed to rebuild his fan base with Musicology , and I'm following his career still going on. "
Prince had his own point of view and asked, “Comeback? I never went anywhere! "
After Prince's death in April 2016, the music journalists Albert Koch and Thomas Weiland from the German music magazine Musikexpress reviewed the album Musicology and gave it three and a half out of six stars. They wrote that Prince was “finally looking focused again and not averse to success. Some things are reminiscent of its heyday in the 80s, Cinnamon Girl sounds a lot like Little Red Corvette ”. In addition, the song Dear Mr. Man is convincing .
Charts and awards
| Charts | Top ranking | Weeks |
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| Chart placements | ||
 Germany (GfK)
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4th (14 weeks) | 14th |
 Austria (Ö3)
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4th (12 weeks) | 12 |
 Switzerland (IFPI)
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2 (17 weeks) | 17th |
 United Kingdom (OCC)
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3 (7 weeks) | 7th |
 United States (Billboard)
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3 (26 weeks) | 26th |
Musicology has been sold more than 4 million times worldwide and has been awarded gold and platinum status several times internationally:
- UK: 1 × gold for 100,000 copies sold on May 14, 2004
- CA: 1 × gold for 50,000 copies sold on August 18, 2004
- US: 2 × platinum for 2,000,000 copies sold on January 31, 2005
- CH: 1 × gold for 20,000 copies sold in 2005
| year | Title album |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, album , rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | ||||
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DE
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AT
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CH
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UK
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US
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| 2004 | Musicology | DEnvDE | - |
CH27 (7 weeks) CH |
- |
US120 (3 weeks) US |
• Not decoupled worldwide
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| Call my name | DEnvDE | ATnvAT | CHnvCH | UKnvUK |
US75 (18 weeks) US |
• No single release, placed via Airplay
• Chart entry: August 21, 2004 |
|
| Cinnamon girl |
DE89 (1 week) DE |
- | - |
UK43 (2 weeks) UK |
- | ||
Awards
Both the album and the Musicology tour were honored with the following awards , among others :
Billboard Touring Awards
- 2004: Best design of a stage (Top Draw): Musicology Tour
- 2004: Billboard Backstage Pass Awards: Best Stage Design (Top Draw Award): Musicology Tour
Grammy Awards
- 2005: Best Vocal Performance - Traditional R&B (Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance): Musicology (Song)
- 2005: Best Male Vocal Performance - R&B (Best Male R&B Vocal Performance): Call My Name
Juno Award
- 2005: Sound Engineer of the Year (Recording Engineer of the Year): L. Stu Young for the album Musicology
NAACP Image Awards
- 2005: Outstanding Album: Musicology
In addition, Prince was awarded the Vanguard Prize by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP for short) .
PollStar Awards
- 2005: Most Creative Stage Production: Musicology Tour
- 2005: Major Tour of the Year: Musicology Tour
literature
- Mobeen Azhar: Prince 1958–2016: His life in pictures and text. Edition Olms, Oetwil am See / Zurich 2016, ISBN 978-3-283-01265-6 , OCLC 951825985 .
- Jake Brown: Prince in the Studio (1975-1995). Colossus Books, Phoenix 2010, ISBN 978-0-9790976-6-9 , OCLC 276814904 .
- Jason Draper: Prince - Life & Times (Revised & Updated Edition). Chartwell Books, New York 2016, ISBN 978-0-7858-3497-7 .
- Alex Hahn: Obsessed - Prince's turbulent life . Hannibal Verlag, Höfen 2016, ISBN 978-3-85445-610-0
- Ronin Ro: Prince - Inside the Music and the Masks. St. Martin's Press, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-312-38300-8 , OCLC 428027211 .
- Matt Thorne: Prince. Faber and Faber, London 2012, ISBN 978-0-571-27349-2 , OCLC 794814748 .
- Uptown: The Vault - The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing, Linköping 2004, ISBN 91-631-5482-X , OCLC 186521364 .
Web links
- Princevault , information on the Musicology album
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hahn (2016), p. 335.
- ↑ Thorne (2012), p. 344.
- ^ Ro (2011), p. 320.
- ^ Uptown (2004), p. 288.
- ↑ Uptown (2004), p. 292.
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 296.
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 297.
- ↑ Draper (2016), p. 164.
- ↑ a b Draper (2016), p. 166.
- ↑ a b Hahn (2016), p. 336.
- ^ Ro (2011), p. 327.
- ↑ a b Ro (2011), p. 338.
- ↑ a b c d Hahn (2016), p. 338.
- ↑ a b c d e Hahn (2016), p. 339.
- ↑ Azhar (2016), p. 118
- ↑ Booklet of the CD Musicology by Prince, NPG Records / Columbia Records, 2004
- ↑ a b c Hahn (2016), p. 341.
- ↑ Thorne (2012), p. 528.
- ↑ a b Thorne (2012), p. 391.
- ↑ Draper (2016), p. 167.
- ↑ a b c Thorne (2012), p. 392.
- ^ A b Henrike Rossbach: Eminem, Prince and the twelfth of September. In: FAZ.de. November 2, 2004, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 447.
- ↑ Jonathan Fischer: | Jehovah here, Prince here . In: Die Zeit , No. 22/2004
- ^ Musicology. In: Princevault.com. October 11, 2017, accessed January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Prince in a purple three-pack. In: dervinylist.com. February 6, 2019, accessed February 11, 2019 .
- ^ Musicology. In: Princevault.com. May 2, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Cinnamon Girl. In: Princevault.com. February 28, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ K. Nicole Mills: Sanaa Hamri: The Director Behind Some of Prince's Most Prolific Music Videos. In: Hollywoodsblackrenaissance.com. April 22, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ A b c K. Nicole Mills: Sanaa Hamri: The Director Behind Some of Prince's Most Prolific Music Videos. In: Hollywoodsblackrenaissance.com. April 22, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ Uptown (2004), p. 290.
- ↑ a b Draper (2016), p. 168.
- ↑ September 18. In: Princevault.com. June 19, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Various Artists Shockadelica: 50th Anniversary Tribute to the Artist Known as Prince. In: Allmusic.com. 2017, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Thorne (2012), p. 393.
- ↑ Justin Dwayne Joseph: New Video: Morgan James - Call My Name. In: Centrictv.com. October 14, 2014, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Musicology Live 2004ever. In: Princevault.com. June 19, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Brown (2010), p. 1.
- ↑ a b c d Ro (2011), p. 341.
- ↑ a b Ro (2011), p. 333.
- ^ One-Off Performance May 7, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. December 21, 2016, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ One-Off Performance June 4, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. December 29, 2016, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ One-Off Performance June 6, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. December 29, 2016, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ One-Off Performance June 12, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. December 21, 2016, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ One-Off Performance June 19, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. February 11, 2018, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ One-Off Performance July 25, 2004 (am). In: Princevault.com. December 29, 2016, accessed April 19, 2018 .
- ^ Andreas Borcholte: Prince - Musicology . In: Spiegel.de. April 19, 2004, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ Prince regains his R&B throne on 'Musicology'. In: Princetext.tripod.com. 2017, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Arezu Weitholz: Prince - And tomorrow a king. In: FAZ.de. April 25, 2004, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Stephen Thomas Erlewine: Prince - Musicology. In: Allmusic.com. 2017, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Hahn (2016), p. 337.
- ↑ Hahn (2016), pp. 337–338.
- ↑ David Browne: Musicology - Prince. In: Princetext.tripod.com. 2017, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Hannes Ross: Prince - Lame Comeback. In: Stern.de. April 23, 2004, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Hahn (2016), p. 343.
- ↑ From the big Prince special - an overview of all albums. In: Musikexpress.de. May 22, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Prince. officialcharts.de, accessed on February 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. austriancharts.at, accessed on February 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. hitparade.ch, accessed on February 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. officialcharts.com, accessed February 18, 2019 .
- ^ Prince - Chart History. billboard.com, accessed February 18, 2019 .
- ^ BPI - Certified Awards Search. In: BPI.co.uk. 2017, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ Graffiti Bridge. In: Princevault.com. October 6, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .
- ^ Edelmetall 2005. In: Hitparade.ch. 2017, Retrieved April 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US
- ↑ a b Awards - Awards and Nominations. In: Princevault.com. August 1, 2016, accessed April 12, 2017 .