Pa-en-Renenutet

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Pa-en-Renenutet in hieroglyphics
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Pa-en-Renenutet
P3-n-Rnnwtt
The (month) of Renenutet

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4-nu-peret
4-nw-prt
Fourth month of the Peret period

Pa-en-Renenutet ( Greek Pharmouthi ; Coptic Paremoude ; Arabic  Baramouda ) was the ancient Egyptian name of the fourth month of the season Peret in the Egyptian calendar and represented the time from mid-February to mid-March .

background

mythology

Renenutet was known as the "mistress of the barn", "mistress of the fruiting land" and "mistress of the harvest blessing". During the harvest, the Egyptians made their sacrifice. Steles in granaries and on the edges of the fields are evidence of this cult. The Renenutet festival was later celebrated on the 27th Pa-en-Renenutet, the "day of the measurement of barley"; in the Theban calendar on 1st Pa-en-Chonsu .

In her function as the goddess of fertility, she was responsible for the "emergence of flax". Due to the processing of the flax into linen, she therefore also had the titles "Mistress of the robes" and "Head of the dressing room in the temple"; an allusion to the idea that the gods wore the "robes of the Renenutet".

Change of calendar form

Alan Gardiner as well as Richard Anthony Parker suspect that Pa-en-Renenutet changed the year form in the course of calendar history, which is why Pa-en-Renenutet as the month Renutet shifted from the ninth to the eighth month from the 19th dynasty in the New Kingdom .

In the Tebtunis lunar calendar around 132 BC Pa-en-Renenutet dated under the name Mut from March 23rd to April 20th. The reason for the renaming there is likely to be the day of giving birth to courage , which was celebrated on the 28th Pa-en-Renenutet and symbolized the original start of the harvest in March after the harvest blessing by Renenutet.

literature

  • Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon dates: studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, ISBN 3-8067-8086-X .
  • Jürgen Osing: Hieratic Papyri from Tebtunis I (= CNI publications. Volume 17 / The Carlsberg papyri. Volume 2. / Carsten Niebuhr Institute publications. Volume 17). Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen / Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1998, ISBN 87-7289-280-3 .
  • Richard-Anthony Parker: The calendars of ancient Egypt. Chicago Press, Chicago 1950.
  • Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian festival dates. Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences and Literature , Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950.