Philipp van Artevelde

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Philipp van Artevelde , or Filips van Artevelde (* 1340 in Ghent ; † November 27, 1382 near Roosebeke ) was the leader of a civil uprising in Ghent in 1381.

Life

Philip's father Jacob van Artevelde had been captain of Ghent since 1338 and the most powerful man in Flanders for several years . Against the allied with France Count Ludwig I of Flanders , he sought the connection of the city with Edward III. of England , who waged war against France since 1337 and was looking for allies. The English Queen Philippa of Hainaut therefore stayed in Flanders, where she was godmother of Jacob van Artevelde's youngest son Philipp. Rumors that Jacob van Artevelde wanted to make the English heir to the throne Edward of Woodstock, also known as the "Black Prince", Count of Flanders, led to fights between individual guilds in 1345 and finally to Jacob van Artevelde's murder by a popular mob. The following year, Ludwig I fell at the Battle of Crécy . His son and successor Ludwig II of Male ordered the expulsion of Jacob van Artevelde's family, who settled in England.

In 1360, the Peace of Brétigny allowed Philipp van Artevelde to return to Ghent. In 1379 the Ghent Count Ludwig II refused a special tax for hosting a tournament . The rival city of Bruges agreed to Ludwig's request, because he promised the city that a canal would be built. As a result, the Ghent people feared that their own commercial interests would be disadvantaged. An uprising broke out which soon spread to the whole of Flanders. With the support of Charles V of France , Ludwig II managed to get Bruges back on his side. Only Ghent was still in the uprising.

In this situation the Ghent people remembered that Flanders had never been so well governed as under Jacob van Artevelde. Philipp van Artevelde was elected Captain and Rawaert of Flanders by the citizens of Ghent at the end of 1381. He had twelve of the chief instigators of the murder of his father executed. However, his measures against the prevailing famine were not enough, which is why Ghent sought peace negotiations with the count. Since Philipp von Artevelde's conditions did not seem acceptable, the city risked war.

Initially, Philipp van Artevelde was victorious. On May 2, 1382, the rebels under his leadership defeated Ludwig's army. Bruges and Ypres joined Philipp van Artevelde. The count fled to his son-in-law, the French King Charles VI. of France . Philipp van Artevelde turned to England, whose young king Richard II promised him military support. The allied armies of France and Burgundy reached Flanders faster, however. Philipp van Artevelde tried in vain to stop the enemy by destroying a bridge over the Leie , in the hope that hunger and cold would weaken the enemy. The rebels suffered a decisive defeat in the Battle of Roosebeke in 1382. Charles VI was able to wear out the Flemish army, Philipp van Artevelde himself suffocated in the fighting in the midst of his soldiers killed by the French.

reception

Henry Taylor treated the life of Philipp van Artevelde in 1834 in Philip van Artevelde: a dramatic romance .

literature

Web links

Commons : Filips van Artevelde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Theodor Wenzelburger:  Ludwig II of Male, Count of Flanders . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 546 f.
  2. ^ Jean Froissart: How Philip van Artevelde was Made Governor of Ghent
personal data
SURNAME Artevelde, Philipp van
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Artevelde, Filips van
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Flemish officer
DATE OF BIRTH 1340
PLACE OF BIRTH Ghent
DATE OF DEATH November 27, 1382
Place of death at Roosebeke