Römhild
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Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ' N , 10 ° 32' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Hildburghausen | |
| Height : | 300 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 122.45 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 6822 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 56 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 98630 | |
| Area code : | 036948 | |
| License plate : | HBN | |
| Community key : | 16 0 69 062 | |
| City structure: | 14 districts | |
City administration address : |
Griebelstrasse 28 98630 Römhild |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Heiko Bartholomäus ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Römhild in the Hildburghausen district | ||
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Römhild is a small town in the Hildburghausen district . The former residence of the county of Henneberg-Römhild (1491–1581) and the Duchy of Saxony-Römhild is located in the Franconian south of Thuringia .
geography
Römhild lies under the protection of the Gleichberge in the Grabfeld region in the Henneberger Land , right on the state border with Bavaria . The Celtic Adventure Trail also leads through the grave field past the city.
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history
Prehistory and early history
Römhild is probably the oldest town in what is today the state of Thuringia. Probably the first mention was made in 150 AD by the Greek mathematician and philosopher Claudius Ptolemy as a Celtic oppidum Bikourgion . Already since around 2500 BC The region around Römhild was permanently inhabited by humans. Since around the 5th century BC Celtic influences can be found there . Residues of about 68 ha large oppidum located on the nearby Steinburg .
middle Ages
"Locus Rotmulte" was mentioned in the year 800 as a property of the Fulda monastery . The name "villa Rotemulti" (Middle High German) means red earth. At that time Römhild belonged to the Franconian district Grabfeld. Counts were the Counts of Henneberg . They resided on the Hartenburg above today's city. Around the year 1300, Count Heinrich IV. Von Henneberg- Hartenberg founded today's city about 1000 meters southwest of the old settlement Altenrömhild. The first evidence of city rights comes from 1317. In 1498 the city received market rights . In 1488 the city fortifications were completed. From 1465 to 1491 the Hennebergers of the Aschacher Line built the Glücksburg as a moated castle as a follow-up to the Hartenburg. The collegiate church of St. Marien and St. Johannis was built in its current form in 1470.
Modern times
Even the Celts processed the clay into everyday objects. This is proven by numerous ceramic finds from the Celtic era. The pottery trade began to flourish in Römhild around 500 years ago. A stronghold of clay processing developed in the city. Pottery is still a traditional handicraft in Römhild today. After destruction and fires in 1539–1546, 1555 and 1585–1633, the castle was repeatedly rebuilt in the city, and from 1676 to 1680 it was converted into a palace. Only a round tower in the southwest of the late medieval complex has been preserved.
From 1572 Römhild belonged to Saxe-Coburg , from 1640 to Saxe-Altenburg and from 1672 to Saxe-Gotha .
Römhild was affected by the persecution of witches from 1614 to 1681 . Five women were involved in witch trials , four were burned and one died under torture. There were six other witch trials in the districts of Bedheim , Haina and Roth .
From 1680 to 1710, Römhild was the residence of the Principality of Saxony-Römhild . After the death of Duke Heinrich , the only regent of the principality, one third of the city and office came to Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld and two-thirds to Sachsen-Meiningen , which in 1826 also took over the remaining third.
On April 17, 1891, a city fire destroyed 32 houses. On October 22, 1904, the Catholic parish church Heilig Kreuz was consecrated. A small Catholic community was created, in particular by the Bavarian staff on the railway line to Rentwertshausen. In 1912, the public bath donated by Christian Heurich and planned by Max Böhme was opened.
In the era of National Socialism 1942, not yet emigrated inhabitants were from the " Jewish house " Heurichstraße 8 in the Nazi extermination camps deported. A memorial plaque installed there in 1988 commemorates them. From 1939 to 1941 up to 250 Polish prisoners of war from the Mühlberg camp were housed in a barrack camp in the basalt quarry on the Großer Gleichberg. Among other things, they had to do forced labor in the quarry, in the city, in agriculture or in the forest. From 1941 to 1942, a prison command from the Bad Sulza main camp with 120 prisoners followed for the quarry . After a temporary closure of the quarry were there from August 1943 to March 1945 a maximum of about 400 "defaulting foreign peoples " forced laborers in a labor education camp the Gestapo interned. The prisoners had to work in the basalt quarry or in the basalt works at Römhild Bahnhof. They were also used in the construction of bunkers and positions in Mendhausen and at times in handicrafts and trades in Römhild and the surrounding area. At least 500 prisoners died in the camp or on the evacuation march in 1945. These include 25 to 92 prisoners unable to march who were shot in a sand cave on the eastern slope of the Großer Gleichberg. The cave entrance was then blown up, which meant that the mass grave was not found until the end of January 1947.
According to the official death lists, 61 prisoners were buried by the end of March 1945 in the lower forest cemetery on the eastern slope of the Großer Gleichberg 44, at the upper forest cemetery 64 and in the municipal cemetery, where a memorial stands on a grove of honor.
After the Second World War, the city became known through the expansion of the pottery trade and the creation of the largest hand pottery in Europe (Töpferhof Gramann). The International Ceramic Symposium took place there a total of seven times between 1975 and 1993 . In 2008 this symposium was revived.
From 1948 to 1961 the previous war orphanage in Glücksburg Castle was used as the " Rudolf Harbig " youth work center.
On December 31, 2012, the city of Römhild and the communities of Haina , Mendhausen , Milz and Westenfeld from the administrative community of Gleichberge and the community of Gleichamberg merged to form the new city of Römhild.
Population development
Population development of the city of Römhild without districts:
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Population development of the entire city with all districts:
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Data source from 1995: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
politics
City council
Since the local elections on May 26, 2019 , the city council has been composed as follows:
| Party / list | % | Seats | G / V |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDU / FDP / FK | 41.3 | 8th | + 4 |
| Free voters | 29.9 | 6th | - 3 |
| Free voters Haina | 11.6 | 2 | ± 0 |
| left | 8.0 | 2 | + 1 |
| BZH | 5.0 | 1 | + 1 |
| Green | 3.3 | 1 | + 1 |
| SPD | 1.0 | 0 | - 1 |
| KIR | nk | 0 | - 2nd |
| WG spleen | nk | 0 | - 1 |
| total | 100.0 | 20th | ± 0 |
The city council also includes the mayor.
mayor
Heiko Bartholomäus (CDU) was elected the new mayor on February 24, 2019 with 53.4% of the vote.
coat of arms
Blazon : “In silver between two facing lions as shield holders, two coats of arms placed one on top of the other: on top of a smaller red shield a gold-crowned silver column; at the bottom quartered by 1: 4 black and 2: 3 gold, covered by a red-silver pegged bar. "
The coat of arms comes from the seal image documented since 1613. The column coat of arms is that of the Italian noble family Colonna , whose relationship the Hennebergers had confirmed in 1467 by the Pope and Emperor; the red and silver chess bar marks the Hennebergers as burgraves of Würzburg . The black and gold crossing shows the color of the Wettins, who became the owners of Römhild in the 16th century.
Town twinning
- Bad Königshofen in Grabfeld in Lower Franconia
- Knetzgau in Lower Franconia
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Glücksburg Castle
- Bedheim Castle
- St. Kilian in Bedheim with swallow's nest organ
- Römhild Collegiate Church
- Milz fortified church
- Cemetery church
- medieval city wall with city tower
- Steinsburg (remains of a Celtic oppidum from the 2nd and 1st centuries BC)
- Hartenburg castle ruins
- Summer palace in Mertzelbach
- Töpferhof: The Töpferhof Römhild was on 12 November 1720 by one of Marbach am Neckar coming Haefner founded. In 1948 the company was taken over by Siegfried Gramann.
Museums
- Steinsburgmuseum , museum for prehistory and early history
- Museum Schloss Glücksburg
- Historical fire brigade museum
- Mendhausen village museum
Regular events
- Cold market first held in 1800 and held annually on the last Thursday in January
- With a large carnival parade (Shrove Sunday) and the carnival sessions , Römhild is a stronghold of the carnival in southern Thuringia
- international ceramic symposium (symposium for the promotion of ceramic art, every three years)
- Thuringian Ceramic Market (special market for ceramic products, takes place every year in mid-August in the courtyards of Glücksburg Castle)
Economy and Infrastructure
In the early modern period , the city lived from pottery , tannery , cloth- making and viticulture .
Basalt has been mined for paving stones on the Kleiner Gleichberg since 1838 . In 1901 a new basalt quarry was set up on the northern slope of the Großer Gleichberg , which was closed in 1968. In the same period between 1893 and 1970 there was a railway line to Rentwertshausen , over which the broken basalt was transported. The extensive basalt mining at the beginning of the 20th century was the basis for the city's prosperity at that time.
Industry and commerce today mostly consist of small, medium-sized companies. The largest employers are MCR Marmor-Center GmbH, ELIOG-kelvitherm Industrieofenbau GmbH and AHG -Klinik Römhild. The pottery industry is still present today. There are a total of four potteries in the catchment area of the city of Römhild.
Personalities
literature
- Paul Lehfeldt , Georg Voss (Ed.): Architectural and art monuments of Thuringia: Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen. Volume 2: Hildburghausen district: District court districts Hildburghausen, Eisfeld, Themar, Heldburg and Römhild. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena 1904 (Reprint: Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2013, ISBN 978-3-86777-378-2 ).
Web links
- Official website of the city of Römhild
- Römhild . In: Thueringen.info
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ mdr.de ( Memento from January 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Michael Köhler : Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 111.
- ^ Kai Lehmann : Exhibition "Luther and the Witches", Römhild area, Library Museum Schloss Wilhelmsburg Schmalkalden, 2012; Egbert Friedrich: Witch hunt in the Rodach area and the witch trial ordinance of Duke Johann Casimir (writings of the Rodacher Rückert-Kreis, issue 19), Rodach 1995, pp. 192–236; Ronald Füssel: The persecution of witches in the Thuringian region , publications by the working group for historical research on witches and crime in Northern Germany, Volume 2, Hamburg 2003, p. 244.
- ^ Gert Stoi: The Römhild Labor Education Camp 1943–1945 - Documentation of a crime. Salier Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-939611-41-7 .
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ TLUG: Environment regional
- ↑ Local election Römhild 2013. (PDF) In: wahlen.thueringen.de. Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Local election Römhild 2019. In: wahlen.thueringen.de. Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Mayoral election 2019 , accessed on May 13, 2019
- ^ History of the Töpferhof Römhild on its website, accessed on January 16, 2017
Ahlstädt | Floodplain | Beinerstadt | Bischofrod | Brno / Thür. | Thing life | Ehrenberg | Eichenberg | Ice field | Grimmelshausen | Grub | Heldburg | Henfstädt | Hildburghausen | Veßra Monastery | Lengfeld | Marisfeld | Masserberg | Upper Town | Reurieth | Römhild | Bad type | Lock bottom | Schleusingen | Schmeheim | Schweickershausen | St. Bernhard | Straufhain | Themar | Ummerstadt | Veilsdorf | Westhausen
Bedheim | Eicha | Gleichamberg with Buchenhof | Equally proven | Haina | Hindfeld | Mendhausen with Mönchshof | Spleen | Römhild | Roth | Simmershausen | Sülzdorf | Westenfeld | Zeilfeld