Town hall (Freiburg im Breisgau)

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previous floor plan of the three oldest town halls before 1944 with Turmstraße (middle) + Rathausplatz (below)

The town hall in Freiburg im Breisgau is mainly divided between the old town hall and the new town hall in the old town and the town hall in Stühlinger . The oldest town hall in Freiburg is the court arbor , it belongs to the building complex of the old town hall, is located in its inner courtyard and is directly connected to it. A transition from the New Town Hall to the Old Town Hall spans Turmstrasse between the two buildings. The three town halls form a complex, with the three individual buildings listed as monuments in the country's monument lists.

Old Town Hall

Old Town Hall (2011)
Coat of arms on the gable of the Old Town Hall
The second version of the facade painting by Fritz Geiges

At the beginning of the 14th century, the city of Freiburg bought a building on Franziskanerplatz, today Rathausplatz, which was followed by two more to set up the clerk's office there. In the court documents from the years 1443 to 1479 a house of execution is mentioned, which was housed in these buildings. In 1557 the builder Dietrich Neeb and the master mason Barthlin Ress were commissioned by the council to erect a new building on the property. This new building was expanded to the north in 1561, followed by another in Turmstrasse in 1600. Even if the buildings are grouped together by a uniform facade, the various construction phases can be identified.

The building ▼ from 1557/1559 has an asymmetrical arrangement of the building axes, which is still clearly visible today. The ground floor has three entrances. The main portal on the right, in the Renaissance style, is dated to 1558. Two lions hold the city arms of Freiburg and the shield of Austria. On the far left, the former passage into the courtyard, framed by a Renaissance arch, now serves as the main entrance to the building. Above the arch is a clock crowned by the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire with the coats of arms of Hungary and Bohemia and under the heart shield those of Austria and Castile. Further coats of arms on the gable above the main entrance remind of the various rulers in Freiburg: At the top right is the red eagle of the Zähringer (1091–1218), next to it the lion of the Counts of Urach, who as Counts of Freiburg (1218–1368) carry the eagle the Zähringer took over. In the middle left is the coat of arms of the Habsburg hereditary lands, the so-called lark coat of arms , which actually consists of five eagles on a blue background, which stand for different countries. The Habsburgs ruled Freiburg from 1368 to 1806 with an interruption by France from 1677 to 1697, symbolized by the coat of arms of Alsace in the center right. Finally, on the lower left, the shield of the House of Austria and on the right the coat of arms of Freiburg, the George Cross .

The main facade of the Old Town Hall was painted in 1559 with the scenes of a dance of death ; the painter Galienus Entringer had to replace his own painting at the behest of the council as early as 1560 with a history painting with scenes from the life of Philip of Macedonia . In 1881, Fritz Geiges replaced Simon Göser's neo-Gothic frescoes from 1810 with paintings in the Renaissance style , which, however, had to be reworked after six years, i.e. 1886, due to damage. After it was destroyed by the fire in November 1944, the building is now plastered in a uniform sandstone red, the window frames are framed in black and gold with colorful portals.

In the air raid in 1944, the old town hall burned down completely and the interior was also lost. During the reconstruction from 1949 to 1954, modern materials were used, and the old town hall was extended from 1953 to 1958 with 3 wings facing Gauchstrasse in the clear, functional architectural style that was customary at the time. Due to the new building, only the nuns' crypt of the Poor Clare Monastery remained from the original development. This convent was housed in the former "zum Lämmlein" rule house from 1672 until it was closed in 1782, after which the buildings were used by the Heilig-Geist-Spital . The new building also established a connection to the court arbor.

new town hall

New town hall with bell tower

The origins of the New Town Hall ▼ go back to a semi-detached house. The left, Zum Rechen , was built by the physician Joachim Schiller von Herdern between 1539 and 1545. In 1595 the university acquired the neighboring house, Zum Phönix, and connected it to the house, Zum Rechen . As a connection between the buildings, a representative columned portal with gable decorations and the inscription Academia friburgensis was chosen . The resulting building complex served the university as the Collegium Universititas until 1774 . After the Jesuit order was abolished, the university received a new college building in Bertoldstrasse. The administration and three of the four faculties then moved out of the building on Franziskanerplatz. Only the physicians remained, later the natural sciences were added. Since then the building has been called either Old University , Old College or Old Anatomy . In 1867, the medical professionals moved to new buildings north of the city, where the new university quarter was also built. At the beginning of the 18th century, as part of a renovation in the south wing, the maximum auditorium was created, which, with its magnificent stucco ceiling, is considered one of the most beautiful rooms of the Baroque period in Freiburg. In 1779, a round lecture hall for anatomical lectures, the Theatrum Anatomicum , was built in the north wing .

After more than 300 years in university ownership, the city bought the building for 140 gold marks in 1896 and converted it into the New Town Hall by 1901, with larger windows, balconies and bay windows being added. The reasons were a lack of space in the old town hall and a kind of monument protection on a monument to a past art ; In addition, the city wanted to prevent the building from being demolished and thus prevent property speculation. The conversion to the town hall involved serious interventions in the building fabric.

The house coats of arms above the figure niches above the balcony still refer to the statues of the princes designed by Fridolin Dietsche , which were melted down during World War II . They represented the first prince of the houses from which the city was ruled: Duke Konrad von Zähringen , Count Egino I of Urach-Freiburg , Duke Leopold III. of Austria and Grand Duke Karl Friedrich of Baden .

above: damaged bay window

Again and again, the figure looking down at the Einhornerker on the corner of Rathausplatz and Rathausgasse was damaged by trucks in delivery traffic and had to be reconstructed by stonemasons in a laborious process. In 2012, the entire face was replaced as a cast.

Today theater performances take place in the courtyard of the New Town Hall during the summer months.

With the renovation of the New Council Hall (furniture and technology from the 1979s renewed) in 2018, the ten-year energy and fire protection renovation of the New Town Hall for 2.7 million euros was completed. The new and old council chambers including the cafeteria, the wedding room, the auditorium, the bay windows and four offices above the cafeteria were affected.

Carillon

Glockenspiel with Whom God Wills to Show Real Favor

On September 21, 1898, the city council decided to build a clock tower and a carillon in the New Town Hall. The tower clock was delivered by Benedict Schneider & Söhne in Schonach , the carillon was delivered by the company Welte & Söhne after extensive turmoil and quarrels at a comparatively low price of 8,000 marks , although Welte had no experience with carillon and even tuned the bells. The original 18 bells at a price of 1234.20 marks, as well as four more were delivered by the bell foundry Firmin Causard in Colmar . These 22 melody bells are each equipped with two stop hammers, which enables a faster tone sequence. Two other bells of unknown origin serve to strike the hour and quarter of an hour. The total weight of the bells is disputed. The Zeitschrift für Instrumentenbau dated August 21, 1901 writes "that the largest bell should weigh 350 kg, the smallest one 6 kg."

The mechanism uses the techniques developed by Welte in orchestrion construction. It is controlled by wooden pin rollers, as they have been built into their instruments by Welte since the 1860s. Five reels with seven pieces of music each, each 1 to 1.5 minutes long, were delivered. The transmission from the rollers to the bells is not done mechanically, but pneumatically, i.e. by a system of bellows and valves controlled by suction air. Since the glockenspiel does not have a console, it cannot be controlled manually.

The carillon was inaugurated on October 14, 1901 with a ceremony. Due to the climatic influences in the attic in 1933, the wooden pin rollers were so damaged that they could no longer be operated. Although Welte, as a pioneer of music control using perforated paper strips, had been a technological leader since the 1880s, it had still used wooden rollers in this area. Karl Bockisch, who had managed M. Welte & Söhne GmbH on his own since 1932, had his company also install a game machine for paper rolls at his own expense. This essentially corresponds to those for the Welte-Mignon reproduction piano . The pin rollers were also repaired. At that time, National Socialist melodies such as the “ Horst Wessel Lied ” or 1940 “We drive to Engelland” were punched into the paper rolls. During the Second World War, when the carillon was not played, as was the case in the First, it was severely damaged like the town hall. Although it was heard again on New Year's Eve 1946, with great sympathy from the citizens of Freiburg, it was not repaired until September 1947. Various companies took over maintenance and repairs as the successor to Welte, most recently the Waldkirch organ builder Jäger & Brommer . In 1977 the Baden-Baden collector Jan Brauers wanted to purchase the glockenspiel for his private collection. In the 1980s, an appraiser recommended that the glockenspiel be scrapped.

Today the glockenspiel can be controlled with piano rolls made of paper, pin rollers or a MIDI computer and is still set in motion by the caretakers Monday to Friday, depending on the length of the songs, between 11:45 and 11:50. In 1980 the Freiburg jesters' guild of “Fasnetsrufer” had the music artist Otto Wernet from Waldkirch make a roll with the “Flecklehäs song” and the “Helegele march”.

Court arbor

The court arbor
The lower hall

The judicial arbor ▼ is the oldest town hall in Freiburg; it was first documented in 1328 as a council chamber, but has only been known as a court arbor since the 16th century.

A court arbor, first documented in 1280, in which the municipal mayor's court met accessible to everyone, stood north of the intersection of the "Grosse Gass" and the Salzstrasse "an dem Vischmerket", today's Kaiser Joseph Strasse .

From 1480 the formerly free-standing gabled house of the council chamber also served as a court arbor with a meeting room and a prison in the basement. The court now met regularly in the lower room, before that it had only been used in winter. The leading Freiburg citizens and nobles met in this new courthouse. The building gained historical importance in 1498 when King Maximilian I convened the Diet of Freiburg . The gentlemen had to hold their meetings in this cramped place because the larger granary on Münsterplatz was not ready. The court arbor was rebuilt from the beginning of 1546 by Jörg Sorger and the upper floor, which was probably made of half-timbered construction, was replaced by a stone building and enlarged. This floor can be reached by a representative external staircase and served the Freiburgers as a council chamber until 1901. On this occasion, a two-story archive building was added in 1553, which was equipped with sturdy iron doors. Another floor was added in 1863.

The court arbor was almost completely destroyed in the air raid in 1944, only parts of the access stairs and the west wall remained, the archive extension including the furnishings from 1553 remained almost intact. From 1961 the reconstruction was carried out by the “Kuratorium Rechtslaube” of a citizens' initiative and in March 1975 the reconstruction according to plans by the architect Gregor Schroeder could begin. After the topping-out ceremony in December 1975, it was inaugurated in June 1979.

The upper hall is a reconstruction of the building condition from 1551, it has a beamed ceiling that is slightly vaulted and large oak beams. The windows are surrounded with relief arches, on the west side with the preserved originals without painting, on the east side with new creations that were modeled on the originals on the west side and were magnificently painted. Hans Reichle's windows have colored glazing with the coats of arms and cartridges of the guilds.

The lower hall has a wooden flat ceiling. The ceiling is decorated with carvings of playing card symbols. The windows were made to designs by Hans Reichle and show the imperial eagle and the coats of arms of the princes who took part in the Reichstag in Freiburg on the south wall.

There is another special feature here too: on August 24, 1498, King Maximilian I issued a wine purity law at the Freiburg Reichstag, which is older than the well-known beer purity law of April 23, 1516.

Technical town hall

The multi-storey building from 1980
The earlier half-timbered buildings from 1971 with art on the building

The Technical Town Hall ▼ consisted of a pavilion-like, one-story half-timbered building from 1971, which has since been demolished. There was u. a. the municipal building administration. A multi-storey building was added in the 1980s and is currently still standing next to the new building. The pavilions could no longer be renovated. In July 2011, a report was published that assumes new construction costs of 13 million euros. It also showed that it would be cheaper for the city to build a new technical town hall that can accommodate all offices from several locations.

Town hall in the Stühlinger

1. New construction of the town hall in Stühlinger

On May 22, 2012, the municipal council decided to build a new town hall on the area of ​​the Technical Town Hall. The planned buildings are to accommodate a large part of the municipal offices and offices previously distributed over the city and will be built in three phases: the first from 2014 to 2017, the second in 2019 [out of date] and the last in 2022 Template: future / in 2 years. The name of the new facility is "Rathaus im Stühlinger ". ▼ The name of the tram stop has also been adapted. A large multi-use event room and a day-care center should also be part of the town hall. Christoph Ingenhoven won an architecture competition . The first phase of construction should originally be capped at 60 million according to the will of the municipal council, the costs should be monitored by an external institution.

The first building has now been completed. The topping-out ceremony took place at the end of 2016, nine months after the foundation stone was laid. Due to "technical and organizational problems of the companies and planners involved", the completion was delayed by a year. In June 2017 it became known that the construction would be more expensive than the estimated 80 million euros. Probably around 5.4 million euros, but the city wants to demand back the additional costs. The local council approved an additional credit line of eight million euros. At the end of July 2017, the first 600 civil servants moved into the new building. The Citizen Service Center opened on November 21, 2017. There are now 840 employees from 16 locations in the city. The associated daycare center ▼ is also part of the ensemble. The central entrance hall is adorned with a more than forty-meter-long glass work "Limon" by the artist Schirin Kretschmann .

The “Rathaus im Stühlinger” was awarded the German Sustainability Prize in the “ Sustainable Building ” category on December 7, 2018 in Düsseldorf . It is the first public building in the world that generates more energy than it consumes. In addition, the city received the honorary award of the Iconic Awards 2019 “Architects' Client of the Year” for its town hall in Stühlinger.

Free WiFi has been available in this building since mid-February 2019 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Freiburg City Archives: Directory of the monuments of the city of Freiburg
  2. ↑ Hans Rott : Sources and research on Southwest German and Swiss art history in the XV. and XVI. Century . Volume 3, 1. Stuttgart 1936, p. 111 (Council minutes, digital copy ); Hans Georg Wehrens: The dance of death in the Alemannic language area. "I have to do it - and don't know what" . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2563-0 , p. 172.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Peter Kalchthaler: The historic town halls . Press and Information Office, Freiburg im Breisgau 1990.
  4. ^ Rolf Wilhelm Brednich: On the folklore of the district in: District Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald (Hrsg.): Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Land from the Rhine via the Black Forest to the Baar , Karl Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1980, ISBN 3-921340-44-6 , p. 175.
  5. ^ Die Alte Universität , Peter Kalchthaler, Badische Zeitung, August 15, 2011, accessed June 25, 2012
  6. ↑ Kalchthaler, Peter; Raach, Karl-Heinz; City of Freiburg im Breisgau; Promo Verlag GmbH; et. al .: Freiburg 2020 The official anniversary book of the city of Freiburg . Ed .: City of Freiburg. 1st edition. Promo Verlag, Freiburg 2020, ISBN 978-3-923288-81-6 , p. 103 .
  7. ↑ Face-lifting instead of rhinoplasty at the town hall , Simone Lutz, Badische Zeitung, October 20, 2012, accessed October 22, 2012
  8. ↑ Town hall in the city center is made fit for fire protection and renovated - www.freiburg.de. Retrieved February 16, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Freiburg's municipal council and its committees can meet again in the city hall - www.freiburg.de. Retrieved September 10, 2018 .
  10. ↑ History, sights, location and climate - www.freiburg.de - City Hall and Service / Statistics & Elections / Figures / History, sights, location and climate. Retrieved January 27, 2020 .
  11. ^ Gerhard Dangel: Welte Glockenspiel Freiburg City Hall. Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer, accessed on January 3, 2020 .
  12. ^ Repairs to the Welte Glockenspiel in Freiburg Town Hall. Retrieved January 3, 2020 .
  13. ^ Freiburg: Stadtkasse: Technisches Rathaus: New building saves money , Uwe Mauch, Badische Zeitung, July 12, 2011, accessed on December 4, 2011
  14. ^ Freiburg: Architectural competition decided: The planner of Stuttgart 21 should also build the new Freiburg town hall - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  15. ^ Freiburg municipal council decides to build a giant town hall , Uwe Mauch, Badische Zeitung, May 22, 2012, accessed June 25, 2012
  16. ^ Julia Littmann: Topping-out ceremony for the new town hall building at Fehrenbachalle. Badische Zeitung, December 18, 2015, accessed on December 10, 2018 .
  17. ^ Uwe Mauch: Freiburg: Moving to the new town hall in Stühlinger is delayed until autumn. Badische Zeitung, February 15, 2017, accessed on February 15, 2017 .
  18. ^ BZ editorial team: false alarms trigger fire brigade operation at the new Freiburg town hall - Freiburg - Badische Zeitung. Badische Zeitung, August 30, 2017, accessed on August 31, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Uwe Mauch: Freiburg: Well then: new town hall more expensive. Badische Zeitung, June 21, 2017, accessed on June 21, 2017 .
  20. ^ Joachim Röderer: Freiburg: councils cheap additional costs for the town hall. Badische Zeitung, June 29, 2017, accessed on June 29, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Simone Höhl: The first offices move into the new town hall and are closed on Monday - Freiburg - Badische Zeitung. Badische Zeitung, July 20, 2017, accessed on July 21, 2017 .
  22. ↑ anfe: The new town hall is complete - collectives - Badische Zeitung. Badische Zeitung, November 21, 2017, accessed on November 21, 2017 .
  23. ↑ a b DS: Award for Giant City Hall. Badische Zeitung, December 9, 2018, accessed December 10, 2018 .
  24. ^ Art in architecture: "Limon" by Schirin Kretschmann - www.freiburg.de. Retrieved December 29, 2017 .
  25. ↑ Special winner Iconic Awards 2019: Innovative Architecture. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Surfing made easy - public WiFi is now available in the town hall in Stühlinger - www.freiburg.de. Retrieved February 19, 2019 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Rathaus Freiburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files